The three common phases of matter arejfs),tca1:i 7oc g 1qsz-gj*o

  Density is

  Substance A has a densicjxqo(. jv6o5ql*z:x /c 0g dxty of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the followiua/c7- e2 d9u if ku;q)oenr(mng is not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasse8kurl e; 0yev9*ne-xus. All three have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at tlku-8 0 yeeex;n9urv*he bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside auf f: h:c6qo;qnd outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute preepwj, cfp8)m8ssure at the bottjc p pf)8,wem8om of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m b cbu 2 crm9gs1fl(5nf8eneath the surface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolute b c 5ncus8f(9f21rg lmpressure on you?

State Pascal's principleb) i dbzya jf4f-.f4v,fmk+u5.

State Archimedes' princig(t/4es/dx 6 un.nthnple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and 7qu szq8:qm5b; y0cbh deeper into water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant forc ;uqzshqm87:b50byq ce on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floar82y7mjagag8 ww ;b ;ats in both fresh water and in salt water. Wha7w2mr;;yw g b88a gjaere is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats k)(f:/iyr6ew)e hqj7o a5vb8oqmh :u in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the frhoju))6kr( fe/ye i8wqv 7:h oabq5m :esh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in aymnk n7h )b -hj0aai--u -zkl; pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on the ball greateaa b lhu-j;zkyn-)-n70kimh- r?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminuzuhbxfo 3lviby95(g 13z e.5um sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which has the greater buoyany(z39 u b5fbu1.5l 3zghiexv ot force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piecrv w526y vb2vg5rnz* 3lv hu*le of wood floating in a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the wood, what happens to *l3hunrvv22w z r5v5yvg*b6l the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating inbfjoxm 00,o (n a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to thno(,box0 m fj0e water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The dipda2) :xbfp, 7cos 7zlameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Whereos p7 b2c7lp):xzfa,d is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widenu8a6l90fh)ds6 qe. nd (i*2yc trhiu js to twice qreaycd(i6 6j0is*fuh d 8.ul 2h9)ntits original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrolh-c,z+0p jv*tr 3ozkws to half its orlk,hv+ 0t3*czjpo z-riginal radius, what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's prr miueim+ 7d/1inciple.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of conservation ofp3 2o+i kg;cag20esc w energy in fluco3 g2p e0 ac+sk2;igwids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increas hn;fwwv ,scr/3var8u)4 yc 3cm)ep ,pes, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is lar5(gvz 76;z/gst ,ikuv(lyns ager than at point A. Wheyg;gs(tiz5nu vz6 l( kas/,7vre is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air a p.8m2) fsmxb ,lzkjl+bove a paper strip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. Tn(1 ;ppn xc,* qmeb.x; yfk)bphe force of air resistancpk.xe;npm)c(*x,y1; nqp fb be on him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tafw0 u(y(ptdq9td6qh*pg(v7o ll tower. Which will reach tu7hp( (p0g6ytfdw(*9q q tv odhe ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falld oqe : vt:q)-hvc 0-3aiyxmy)bxl7z*s through water, it experiences a drag f-l a yyohi0v:cxbvzq):7d3) tmx*q-e orce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on tz 0 ixmc(w( y97/izufthe flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cau9m cfy( iu0/ zx7(wtizse the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of /kl 9(gsk7yb kpipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rat(9lkg/ b yksk7e in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, bby,r 8waa*ryc6qt,-s ut pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipe a-yrb, *q, cwyatsr68s, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greaf(lphf3ef0: c,s*v2p.h jqc vsy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globul 0fhv vs:f*.( c ql2fppc,3ejhes. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to a hf-9g:cyw1c jq eight h. If the diameter were half as great, how high wgqcj y19c :-fwould the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are suffis.jp dm re2ki87 (8dzeqi80pgciently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Wr g8eiqpks2p 0z8(i8d .d jm7eater bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the wate r-m3h 9xqbuf8r bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A i 9x rhbfm-3qu8s F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensi. qv;r 1eonb1ions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is its ei1 oqv 1;nbr.density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is its den p1.bsz unj(g j: n3z3ckg;p2fsity?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cf,65 v wus)axxm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surfacs) xu5 fva6wx,e?

  A person weighing 900 N (z,zrx4k7f dw i( kl1jg4qr0q is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withxuur: k z,j-hh9avuav2 y2j-1stand at a depth of 120.0 m in the ocean9hzuyrh : 2ua1-u,-vajjxv 2 k?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submv ln--svmd j35m,m/s carine can withstand a maximum force o5msj,3d-nsv v/mm-lcf $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressurg+pu s,/c 0-anur 2pnke if the absolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (9tjals2c ,nq+ k4 4rzl-q 2mleThe density of se4+le- ,s cqmz2lnj 2k9lq4rat awater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m below the swjaet,* 34ayao(b q28 jlg rh kwh,r95urface of sea? (The density or4a, 3w*(jo,lg j 8ha59e wht2brkyaqf seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piss7a 7a/wv08ycz 0ov cwton of a hydraulic machine. The small piston haa8c7 ozysvwcw a70v0/s area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston if0vr x)bfdq naqe/b 87l ):w+has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small pistoabq+:)nqvfr7e/i0) b lwf8dxn in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hpvo;x:-pyt4 qydraulic piston. What force needs to be appliedv:;-yppt o4x q to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a d p;obl w1ra;b0iameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lifl o1brpbaw0; ;t raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weigu,b*;bn i (ulh13dka ea yq:w9hs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is the buoyant force of dy,ae1 qw;h: (ab9ublikn* 3uthe water?

  An object has a volume i4ord0vaq ildq2gof42 7r ;9rof $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supporte4 ;a6ejz+v;qalvc;qvd by a string while submerged in water. What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron ije 6azqv+qvl4;c ;;avs 7.86.)

  If the density of goldw :ds .sob4;sb is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine (densik ;mbul+ )rs2wty = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in ap 05+z)uxjgahir and 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What is the specific gravip5a+g)0 zh xujty of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20- 9/trgude7(p9r zpgbc zcwl*51o oh0-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into t9r tz5* p ruo(hg9o7/bd 0l-cpz g1wcehe water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a p hi,r zn,o*8kz oz.j3mass of 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float ivxuq0k qt3 4p1n water. Wh u03kv4pqxt1qat is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measureem,jdf4b1 *dn zr/qj,k:uzl 6s 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinkqe fmjludj*6 zz/: knb 4,1rd,s in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surface of th((.znlv to1jw lg32vve water. The weigvl.v 1v(g ntzo(32wjl ht of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in2l.avati *orh 3 ,eao;f5y2l c water with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. What is t2oa5*a3yvf ;h,l clo.te 2iar he object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume bn i 9 -asxhh;zz li,/w084sg9ex; bepneneath the surface of the water. What ,9s;x/nna z-s h09ex z; pbwhgi84eil is the buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg standsj/b4kppvlk n e;w02q4 on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe that will vwq2k pn40bkj 4l/ep ;just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pip 7u+l jom1 zq sqbk1key56/fo19gzt/ we of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1kjgozq9p/7, z .0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line. What is the/ z,9pjgoq7 kz velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a pressure ofr9ws*9dk2h em $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking4*jf0ryqh.5cwl w3y ,w jxtt + fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above thew*qrjtx w3cy w5tj. f+lhy, 04 pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in theiz+ /)8jlt xie bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At whatxt8 z/jii)le + rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cr5+l yf+ls9e-e jhm1 vjoss-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long wou1* a8jwucepso-f7dl /ld it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of l1- aj*spw8 udeco7 f/the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue e-hmvi)*b*:+w4 u rf a iesbr /o*idt6on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the h+*ofe )a4 t ri-mv* i6/behdrb:uw*iseart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. 2v yd16kpjk:n s /de1h7 i1iwe Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If dkdy1j 21ke1in 6w:svie/7phwater rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How higou6efu6lhkmo b n x7.0ox..r1h will water rise in a capillary ..7ue o. lofrx h6bn1k0o6 xmutube of diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass,g ydrakm t63ek3038 qup7 +h7lir zfc capillary tube withack8pz63 k 7md3 ,07fh3r+guiyql etr a diameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of uv/ylxc22d7p -m0jt mwater, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the /7 tcl2xyjdmpu 0 m-2vpan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.600. lce6bm*4bgz m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If theeg . bl6bzm4c* surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has l5jno7ye+ *mdi cx28de3p9p mfxeu/3s ength 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved wi7eyu8e3id pm5*2xc9mep + oxdfn s/3jthout bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?