The three common phases of matter*z3j(2 r k u)h4zkcyor are

  Density is

  Substance A has a density ek:y09ta)ovnn7d /w xof $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the followin gxr8)j4 :0;;0(rd pkvoa. zwnchsezmg is not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All*3 0hr*dq*elss oya*l three have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top th*l* 0slh r *eq*sadoy3an at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between th-evlg ocx yl.6ayxj) (j* w7g ejj1f93e pressures inside and outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressow9fp)u e+neja6 g(q 4npv+1ak6b 6b edgc+2k ure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bot2eaf j( 4)eekp g+po6k 9n6qgv1ncdba+ +u6wbtom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the su;8i(ymjd5qij/f,a rl rface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surfja5(djy ,i rqflm8i /;ace, what happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's principle.nf 43ncy38 qakk:8ny c

State Archimedes' princip8le1 n fa-pu5ng sirrec:p473 le.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deey ktr /.p;xeny3n ((mc4jn wd0per into water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant ((tc3d w;mn.0nr pne4/xykyjforce on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh wotfg1 tg96 8u) g5wifr+vc wkkvg e7k6d1 -kn3ater. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is thgg k8 dgnv67e5o6r3191tw+kkufkvt)g i-f cwe buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. onc6.o lltg/ -ld , jfb771m-5r pigqlA ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the 7p1 -ti7f j-,q/rb 6 d.lnloolg5 clmgvolume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool sxacwg* wa75psie 81c,u; d 3hof mercury. Where is the buoyant force on xp wgdwc i,*s8;31ch5u 7aase the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lak cj. u;+w8kh; 4l5ralpwegx a2e, right next to a 10-kg piece of leau hcaw+lp;aw58e jgr k;l 2.4xd. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a pi7xabz7 /ezqd/evd -9ckn.3bo ece of wood floating in a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the wood, what happenb/ oe/ 3 a-qx7vk7zcd9zdn .bes to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floai)t6 xlhjblq3(, 1wcktk2g g 2ting in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and pla g1,k(cg twiqkj23lhl6 tx2b)ced in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than lv.l x) +opewo u +cru8p0p52mat point A. Where is the speul m 2pcp8uer50+ wl+ )xov.poed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s(/m6 *lpy t/kgdn, nkg in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what ipyd t ,km/(gnk*gl /n6s the flow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If w r1kecv 5 1x:na4hgy*ztk9x1the pipe narrows to halft* 51ev: cxaxk zwk4y19n1rhg its original radius, what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's princip1 my 34ipf)bw 5y,1jodgd mr;gle.

  Which one of the following is asj/nx 0fx/n7a)p ye rb)sociated with the law of conservation of energy in flx7nynp)xa )jb/ ref/0uids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure in tn*r,bipk.o6 fmi p) flx xq73(he fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pqf5d3 b14wyzch z6znz i xe(84ipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the water pressure greatz zh 43dcn i6fey5zqx84(w1bzest?

  When you blow some air above a 5 rv aca8f.vy /u0d*6f6z8be9 y5vx hfgwmx0vpaper strip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal veloc/f d9 w7gfaw m/t6ze bbh(c8*gity. The force of air resistance o*cd wem6b/f /g(98bh z7 gwtfan him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of raut)x g1 jrp(;qdii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall totx)rp;u (qgj1wer. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water,bor*me9sc ; y*. m/qxi it experiences a drag force q *emcr m.9/;isb oy*x$F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow,ntjrc*bp 9 k. of fluid through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest chnk,p9j. tc r*bange in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the savc0j,;ea3k j ysugt44+ddl:/t nj+ya me length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscsc 0etytd a,lajuk:++d 43j g; n4y/jvous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diametmukc68 8 wt/vp,lgt;mer, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in bot6wp 8, vmm;t8tkglcu/h pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tasuc3 w,w(tbo 3ytes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associatedb3 w,uo3(cw yt with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to a height cgnk j o075x8sh. If the diameter were half as great, how high wcn s7kxo08j5 gould the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as th/kh/) b1abk wve water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, ia1/ hvkbw/ )kbn all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweezqq+r7wj 1-vl/h u k/ight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on u+ //jq-q1w lke7 hrzvthe bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 c30j koysx1r id3eh4p9d ikg03u zh; u-m x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What i k4dp3hu39dijsue-o0kyg; 3 0hzi1r x s its density?

  A liquid has a specific gr /p4j+.nswhy83: j7afn uhfh eavity of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 c qj7p9ffel0-afea: 1wm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal suf fw7p ej9l0qa:efa1-rface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has ar 6dpm5clfour( (;f(cgea $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a -ckw(8sd0lve9 zzn+ gsubmarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the oc0 z+-(8wnlk9dz svgc eean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand ;1,t a7+ggom)gaj evza maximum force of,ja 7mg za ge)otv1;g+ $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the a( gupdal9;ae q:u6 7ggbsolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface a;pu6 j8u:xjbof sea? (The densja;ubju86 :px ity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a loc o,ztsxj cp550rd9x. uation 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (Thc pxtsxroj,.5dzu5 09e density of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. ovaq3 4dq:- +ev)iocaThe small pistona4v - qov+ic3qa):ode has area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift* ;ke blcdg0 l,:*, q9gmolxsc, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 10g*begc,ls q ck 9 ,:xdmo*ll;5 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic v/9 iwvuukmmk,6 df9 /piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish tdummivvw u,9/6fk /9k his?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its2ii.7*;xn:/tx+i m /ewn tefqt(yi ab large piston has a diameter of 40 cm.wti t:i/ ia; 2e b*tq+ney (.xm/ifxn7 The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is the buoibh/4von -g11icljix w4h t2)yant force of the waterb)-ctl hnoi1 v12g4i4 w xj/hi?

  An object has a volume o ewmp 5:9j v 5ie(lk,f*w/p+pw;tga7jm gc6 bnf $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of sosz2:/ g5(mgo6h mgmno lid iron is supported by a string while submerged in water. What is the tension in the5gngzos6 /m mg2(:mo h string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold i9k6dmcf03ot( t,hr vrs $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel s3bs7iz fk0: gsubmarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86dc8 b6g(kn* bj N when it is immersed in water. What is the spe8cd*6n jgbb( kcific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now u)9y2b.h, rxtfwb5,fgg e4grjwj p, 8a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water8,rg5r y, extw9g,hj u.gjbp)wb24ff , not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and densityn3qwf wqf4p/-in6 vw8 of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will jusec ov.o u)o2t.t barely float in water. What is its mass?)o couo2te v..

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide f-*ylp )cwtp/m,m:+g6g rero , and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before/lr,mp) g*tep+c- mw: fgoy6r it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surface of the waia ek87-i ek/gter. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the objkei-i/ kag7e8ect?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume beneath t z;de/ocelhc 63hjl:k -viv:, he surface. What is the objeocz vhlcj/:3lik ,e;-v :d 6hect's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume 7, qd4l5iq f 0litx1hd3fcm4wbeneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force on the 3i40,fd mflhl 741qic w 5dxtqobject?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What bjlumql t+o0.a 4 ;7kog) ij3ais the minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specitjmk gi a+jul) q a04o7;.3lobfic gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 vwu1rq15jlee 6y+ e+z la*p4ncm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 c65rf3f )ow ltrb o,v0um diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter rv0fr ,tb3fol6ur )ow5estriction in the line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizubi eg;aqcj2, *;jrs2ontal pipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fount+ 7eto6pja bl1ain with 300 kP a1lbote6j7 p+a, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom 1 0xmhv a:4q(yfgfxp( of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the x:ma0 1(fvyfq(xh 4g phole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectional, iv)f4d zq;ak area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take v v9xf/cgj s5:3zt2 g5obfw-yto pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of ox5vf52/9b y g3wc: vjgfzs-t the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an ar+4j.y odh.s ddtery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart havedjh.4 sy d+do. to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tabz)e4 y y wpfq4:z:5xube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tpa )w xyqey4fzz4: 5:bube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high wio, awxoory;ia(5 5y8l ll water rise in a capillary tube of diam rx58yw,oiaa( lyo5o;eter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tudz8+s ye/ vs 9 iptv0rex*,d7oy+ zai0be with x9 y yi/s+z0,*zd t0s7p v8drveao ie+a diameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, ahzg o*,sf1 r t2bqr1b9w(g2kk nd the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid co, rb2z shkqw*g ob2r(911kgtflumn in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of lengtytc01pm,bb()q ucpmu*. bz a2h 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confinedp0mpbbmczb)2tqu. *y ,c(au1 area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm /m y0w 5tn/oqcand width 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in ycn5/ om0/ qtwthe frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?