The three common phasenqp0cr6f;j ng. :3ga bs of matter are

  Density is

  Substance A has a density o18kz2 l/m0bk (7rjvh mc:vrwxs 5ywr-f $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following ieqr d,bte **zeugh -xg.5a/- cs not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All (-nnsi y3d anx7q) uz+three have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glaz-)ya(+un3q xi7 nndsss C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside vl0uw2vyz3j /and outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the(t/4s ya:td gqjt3o *jl(+dh y botto4das(t+(jo3tlqj*: ygdt/ h ym of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 1pq(vxwk+o*:nv .( t4a2myj u e;lao xm beneath the surface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to x *tjoq1(vxan2vpk; uy:a+(mle.o4w the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's principle.(h fi.ti 7my9a

State Archimedes' pr ,1)octkcd,sgf v+-z t5/qkqu inciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density, 9-05 2fsxdh7qq qimr kjru;g8 what happens to the buoxfh9r i-5m8uk r2s07 jqgqqd ;yant force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh 5l3zjjavm 6i 3water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater oim6j53v z3 aljn the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship k,qh:2hd b qc+d:lbn.floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of w 2+kh:,qcbndl :.hqbd ater displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water bqzy:wf ,k7g: but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on the ball grq:b,k:7fyzg w eater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sitsbtf5m 46zsbz , at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece mb z5z ,6stfb4of lead. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floxkjj1l1l+ ;hjx f8y )y5es3 elpma*as:1d.yn ating in a bathtub. If the iron i83kxp+aea)x sy .1jdyj1fl n:yjl ;mlh1 *es 5s removed from the wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A sev:.(yonfm(qqaj*ddjp 3xl,hd ;l4/ f cond piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what haplf d.d,vlmp:j( 4n y aq(h*;qjxd/of3pens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diamo7;o/a le5* oio mq3xleter of the pipe at point B is larger than at poin/*xioeoq3l m75;aloot A. Where is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe wide0 6;tsbuh 0oigns to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wide0bu;s6h 0goti r section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/shp pr/ 4tdq nmquzx9x y* b8/zv6,79ag in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow v/ap8*,4n9 9q/ tmghxzdz uxb q7ryp6speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principlea8s 3wgni k,rxqp, ;xw6 ud1-dq8; isf.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of cw(ft 4mk8zz,l 6 d8tztjj9 m;6niia/e onservation of energy in zj/tt(; wam mz 8lzjkni8t9d6ef i46, fluids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure in the fluizay2 lkm m*x)1art;8nd

  Water flows through a pipset/84y q*nvm+adq w7e. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where e/ m8tdy* +as7w4qvnq is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper rises. T9znmmlb fm fjt5k: a6a9.x:gx f;k22whis is because

  A sky diver falls through the an;fxg g25yrq: ch15: g9 vfclnl5s,xvir at terminal velocity. The force of air resistance on him2clf xh,15ngvg9; 55::yq gnrs xc vfl is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are re,e4pd*yuhnj85a rqv 8leased simultaneously from a tall towe48 58j*puh,nyr avdq er. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r fallsih-hwwx 3k8ee q)p4ma ui e:3; through water, it experiences a dra ;e4w:kh-p mqe8i3wxiua) he3g force $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flowib9 ,m4j w.-ey ;gyfzx of fluid through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each,9y;xbmzew4gi y j .-f of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter4sj ; 8e5j-tz1ponlr u of pipe A. Water underroztpjlns ue 4 ;8-5j1goes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same dzk*o6vox /wmvd7h 9r6iameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow ratedz6ok 6*vx ohwv9 7/rm in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greas j;9tr c :0wuq4al0syty. This "greasy" taste seems to be ass t9sl: 0 cjrq4w;0ytuaociated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in wa. 8a/bbzbo +wwter, the water rises to a height h. If the diameter were half as great, how high would the/wbwzba o+b.8 water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are suff.g6ik( esq;cp iciently lightweight that they can run on top of wate(e c.6 pgqi;ksr without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they cp-9 ra 73izhhev 51w w-sd/dpnlcd3; jan run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward forceev/i3d- cphpwna 5lds9h r17-;w j zd3 on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x qlusiir.. ot ,7xz1 rf/vls4*y(6aqw4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is its den(qx/otv7rq6.swil,*yaul.z4f i s1r sity?

  A liquid has a specific grav3q1r)flsk (6f(gi tzktmo61 mmx0w1 aity of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. Whlu5kw;z6j:,eeciobf,s ta fa78 ,7 g uat is the maximum pregb s, elew5ij;87o,f cazt f k:uu,a76ssure it can exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on+om f x4g 6-hzo(i,ysl( dvp-b snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstand at a depntgqob98 wvg9(b+ xnw 1+enn(i9ksg5k+.x wyth of 120.0 m in the oceai5 9tw(e.+8kvsg kxyq(wn1b9ox nwng + g nb9+n?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine :nfcoo6lt6ot4sg a +2can withstand a maximum forceg6 a6:n4 t2cflt+sooo of $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressure is 300.hf/leua 2n)q kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at:) - k 1npd3vb /xeb7ljkzc/kh a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The 3zjd)cb e/kk n 1b:lp-vh7/ xkdensity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m b n-z:/vm( okgzelow the surface of sea? (Thv g:ozz- m(/nke density of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits o :3pga-m*p5tt. tq expn the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The small piston has apgm5-p:*et tapt3x q. rea $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the,lw.su3ak;8oe u+i tl small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied okt+weu s 3.uali8ol;,n the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a f47q)50 zi, y rqllx9o vgl7mi25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to be appliev0,7q i9imo7 qxr 4flyl lzg)5d to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulicbs.s+b bl*5 xc lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 bl* ss5 x+cbb.cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What 7c2 .h)yyafx9lopgmpa1g;m(7l qkw0 is the buoyant force oqg c(;2g7 a.a xlpf7)pl om0k1w9yyhmf the water?

  An object has a volume98 gxycp;h.7pidlr3 v of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while submerged in wat ek0g:3gho 9gnb/g:f ser. What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of irk g0::3hf n/9sbgoeggon is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold ep+e :5g8fn:ocx j*9b xu5 rnsis $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel yxo r)j7sd f87submarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when kg+ +9a66,n9mevc/ b fhf.zof c8ydakit is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What is the specific gravity of the object .a ko9 +b,fynf 9zcfecghv6k/da8m+ 6?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, dl wsue rr ,q6t(3rth97-d/ wyand the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread qwte 7rdsty3/wh-6ur l rd9(, and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mp: i mus+) bjro0(/tekass of 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of q:dn,*un c0*xdxoe u .length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in water. What is its:ueodn *q,x u.dxnc0* mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m 4 hczvn)7p;qoh*s0 (i2b qcryz ea;r5wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a 4b (c;c zs)0*2ier7qhryz5a qhpov ;n lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with hacvh who*2iu70 *zat l3lf its volume beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water ii 02ah whu*7tl* 3voczs 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volfyaqku11jn.dh(2un0 b 5p/)op. opv1 f hq/uiume beneath the surface. What u y.1pq q/f1n0bvn5 /d uopk12 pj o)fahuh.(iis the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume bb :+mn9q1*hpr 2hybgneneath the surface of the water. What gynmbb+hp* q1:n29 rhis the buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the.xoa38g*r:bveef*3ef9sq dkl) k 5j v min)9rf:qe 8f 5dgjkkva.xb*o s*vle33eimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. s udu;*8,k qwfFind the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There 5*x8r7j l u0s-xl.hf-gjt ryhxq:3 qbis a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the li *r t-ul-b hr7l0: 5jqhyg.xs8xfj3 xqne. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe gpct,uvp /- *1;ff tpzwith a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fountai4l q8z12wb gn5fdb9pen with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m qnfdgezb 918l 4p52bwabove the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs inh p t866pqf,ee7qx.fkdy: jpi 6j jh.- the bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth:.djfx76py8hp6e -h fkq 6tj.qpeji , of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe n( rn :-uxfjiai ps7(8of cross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. Ha8i tb3u)f a 9obc0x 701reuuhow long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag efu3bx91i0ort ubh a u 07ecf)a8fects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue o. *3eq2c sm mtmx0g7qln the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to mai xs3mem qq7c*tm.l20 gntain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are p+/6 n-3mdx y qzv9nt9n( kjusplaced in a pan of water. Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B.uq6(knnz d+ y9 -vpns/jtx39m If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water idv,rt g:bgf. w5 )0hugs 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in a capillary tube of diameter 1.2 b:g0wf, gd) vt u5rg.hmm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rigl yp62:w(k e pu+m+llse in a glass capillary tube with a diaekup2lm(6 lp ly+:+gwmeter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the water roj+hpx z*ru+5)n,c4c hau t;o ises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. Whacrpnux),+hh5* ot;zo c+ja4ut happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame ovf p*hn75 p e:u4d38hyjpe3kr f length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a soap filj7edhnk*uev3:fp hp45 y p r83m formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and wdcz- )l(z,t tdidth 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is requlz, dz -)dtc(tired to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?