The three common phases of matter74ln)b hfn9s*dr a3grfhg:4v are

  Density is

  Substance A has a density o. r4cm, .,d5xx:/vrvbl ielmif $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a unit of pressur rpqx )b:nsc9.e?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same area base, anq-mzk r( a6;ibd all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid- z;ik(qmrb a6 pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference betwf ox)zayn1 qjz (iw6z5/s sg61een the pressures inside and outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure cjx+x ptc;:1ur6u: fcfhanges, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bojf6x:cu c+up fr1;tx:ttom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a porb;+bz q+1i eam5apf7ol. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, wh+7 rfbimea baz+ q;15pat happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's principle.a v+r2,5o iaf4 gwbgn2

State Archimedes' princimpkao:t*(z1s0q ugj5 ple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of cony;6.-g 2g th7tbq2 et-8 oeo+igydiyk4ve o2 hstant density, what happens to the buoyaotoet-- h yogvikg +gq d2 2.yt6b7i2h ye8e;4nt force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floatsc)/d hysj0--h5amfn h( t0yik in both fresh water and ins- n0m)-cki yy( t0h5/dhjfah salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A shzm;kx ynyl/e :y +*4mvip floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displa;4y + *ymzvny :l/xkmeced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floatcsjsk4(wgv m )h/s/3kg ev-2es in a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on thevs-k4 ej(/gshw2k /e)vs 3mc g ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-k;ky 6* wqoy./puanfc h 1n)sg1g piece of lead. Which has the) .fushn1;o6pkqg/*1awyn c y greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in *kn .uh7 i6ioza bathtub. If the iron is removed from thkioni h.67* uze wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on7s x6xbf+cks , top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top p s7fx,xkb6+csiece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pip 5t2d gb89lh fl/yyyuuzqyt6(clmu 5a4y4d2 0e at point B is larger than at point c uhy fumytyl/y tqaly98 52 5 zbu6d2dg044l(A. Where is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizont1k- ( yxny*p: pud+jnyal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed i*+p:p-1 knxyd( ynujyn the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at w/quc nros )z+mw(1 3x12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow speed in the naro c)1unzrm3xq/ws(w +rower section?

State Bernoulli's princp/els-k-f 0/ *m abvvmiple.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of conservation of en)ma.zr3an4euwj 6g/ n ergy in flui3 n4grwuza.aje) /nm6 ds?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pre*rv)ny ovw 0pe t2m*7ossure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point Bt/u5d-ny uwinroi8.0 is larger than at point A. Wheon8nu- rtid /i0 5y.uwre is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air aq 95t.nsq jea(bove a paper strip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at bh-v 9:ol4*6 vyljvoh terminal velocity. The force of air resistance on him is o:y4-hlb hv*96ovlj v

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are releasedhjx3adb;x ; (b simultaneously from a tall tower. Whicb(j; xd;a xbh3h will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rocnd wm07 eru.7zw-m(dek of radius r falls through water, it experiences a drag force-urd e7.07wwmdzm n( e $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through1e eu9y9ylfj* a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each jy9y1el9 f*eu of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are thqgfw3u n90liz -* ckqw)5uv o)e same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of piplz03wwig*)unq 9 )-cqvkf o u5e A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but piplv7 sm2ruoz*u05 6xhcp 5mpy9e B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, sou7vymsl9p*xup5 0cm5r z 2h6 ubject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greasy" +m jr,/w65cb nbsu*pwtaste seems to be associated with oil spreading out6u r+ws* ,pmw /jnb5bc all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to l.yvzyl,12m*/:, d tuq 8ruxyq9wzoka height h. If the diameter were half as great, hot*2.,,u 8 o zylyul1vdqxz9:wm qykr/ w high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such asv4lsj3j v(t0qcnfs; qo )s+3u the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A hs43qq(vnjj 0sv fos3;c)+lt u as weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight l )3 nngmk:b ,kmq9j0r 4so) jfiu0kmzv8bz 59that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible up9kj)mn 5,sqom30 bulbzm 8zgn 0jir9)kv fk4:ward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass tpze, fv7/h63eo d8izof 30.0 g. ,7df otepzv36hi z8/ eWhat is its density?

  A liquid has a speciflapd2g z dyr3-b3.w6qic gravity of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 103et9 jl)bpkr( c: fo6m.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it ca tjlce)pmf 63 (kbo9:rn exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 b2fd1c;ha jh:N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine wi.1 / xhbiejq7ithstand at a depth of 120.0 m in7jbx/ q1.ei ih the ocean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximum foraqx8c 5,ze4fr ce ofxe,far z c458q $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressu.g;sn xwhvn-7re if the absolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressur7 9qecx4b8ylme at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of seawater 7c x9m y8eb4qlis $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m belo(y:smq x p34 c/k3rbqjftzx,uu(tn l l3 3)iy4w the surface of sea? (The density of sz) xblmfq3ynsu((t uk3rx , i4/ q3:cltjy4p3eawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The smf wp3)nq+kpm :all piston has arwpfm+ 3:qpkn )ea $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a r2 (tzbr+gfk :2fc hk;fadius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the larg(gtbf+ 22 ffzk:kch; re piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 e-psydz :k.;f.cdcqhn o ;- b2cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diachzo bep kdy -;fq.-2dn;:sc.meter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diapt3x; j)vmur cwl ;m(my l,2m0meter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lif2 ;t3;w pl m (xlj,m)cmmuryv0t raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is the buoyant forc).enb (pvs a4se o4)vna(s eb ps.f the water?

  An object has a volume of ( kzpl.ur4lx(o cw+/g$4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is su ko,s-lxh71 ijpported by a string while submerged in water. xkol7h,j 1 si-What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold iwspte :bdrk,9 +16vwp ts)+hls $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine 2 za3lhvc ye:; a0;jc e3/plsf(density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 ;+rr krdiqd)2sds gb/ qk5j.; cf/ o3aN when it is immersed in water. What is the spediq c. / srk;o/5fs2jb ;krdqg+ad3)rcific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on ar: u+oex0yk1x w1 0bs tsphl;4 scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a th0t4k 1br ylwos1x :upx;h 0+seread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a majokvvap5us ,raojp4;x t(421 md7 2wf ss of 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float x3m3sa-.ynyvq+h22x l lut4q in watehl3aq- lxy qtsy m2n4ux.23+ vr. What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of13 s fl, wlv iyn0dcm*wz8fq., negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. Ho,yn30s d*vz8 iq1,f. wclmw flw many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats wit6fww 2mic 29qf+ ,eoiz nzj56eh half its volume beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displej25n fz6 o2 qw+zmw ,eic9i6faced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with t10kul*nw6oacnlp 04b hree-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. What is thep 006*o4l bnkcalw 1un object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of itx81l/cduhr -y s volume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force on the xd8/rhy1 lc-uobject?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is tx +ff3 ;vn0xthb+gx k,y 59dtfhe minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in x g39k;bxhfvt50dt f+ ,yfx+ nsaltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the fl s:ft wd emp6g 1l34s f*+1- kf8glb(5ibeogrpow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a ow,.y- 8w6k yct 9ifgo2.0 cm diameter restriction in the wcy6ftg y9wo-,ok i.8 line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a hori*) nhd1n39x2 r)vkceidf kg6lzontal pipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to5vu 8.s x(eraf6yyrx*ew4 wy3 supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30xfxrew 4u8yr(3v.ye6 s*wy 5a.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tan-et:qnqh n rvz*a24k1k that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate wilvqknr-1 z*t:4 qna2e hl water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through atanx74ghi m -o / a.w(q-ansk: horizontal pipe of cross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take t fuuamdd+kz 7 9l/7)weo pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a necufke /)uam+ wdl7dz97 k 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissxk/; pnv5zz/3wap) ypue on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow pzy35n ap pk//v;zx)w?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has tw1+rg pwa j0xj0 :mmz*zice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how hig+*xg: jmrmzzp10jw 0a h will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of watt e;eom:r6a((;ltvoq er is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in a capillary tube of diameter 1:rt6;tm( (eo;evl aq o.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise 9suexmja 3) 2c*y,up;pk2z )w xl6eyqin a glass capillary tube wiayc)xe 69p2 mw p2*j;qu,xeu kylz)3sth a diameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed verticqd )15kyx9yg qally in a pan of water, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap.q15 x9qg dyy)k What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width;v.yoxkf,uav i5ta.o+l)sa + 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confia+v oxf,s)o;i a.atk.yul5v+ned area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, and arort2 a-e1o; is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained r;1r2o atoe-a in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?