The three common phases of matter l w (od,k-2mddare

  Density is

  Substance A has a dent+qvyfa7/ -0 g rq4rdtcfkw,k 4nfe7,sity of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a unit of prea(a e92out h5 f5aaqo-)k.mfgssure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same area base, and all tax lm,tc x+3am9kv 28vhree are fille3m+xv9 a mktca8lv2,xd to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tirjli:n/l yx3.nh gr ,6ne called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens iewxu- rt: skmbzs5 m/ 4qf/5-to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a po uxsqr5zm: 4-s5wke//f tbm- iol?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. Ig;rc)1bc a3 nff you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, w1c)ab nrgf c;3hat happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's princi-m)ct*q rbsdo66e*xh1b n 6 naple.

State Archimedes' princii;r; 3z)g(9is nugwyiple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deepe;af1 excaj9-l r into water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant force ajl 1-afe c;9xon it?

  Salt water has greater density than fre + p0jq0o(cl,hrurd)osh water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buol ( ru hqdopjo)00+c,ryant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh wate(umcv0*d vd8(zax a6gjmb+9br and salt waj*(dgxb+aza b(8c96 vd uvmm0ter. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercd.etx8c0glwccnuv* 9 8(w/jg 2dj r9sury. Where is the buoyant force on the ball gs8( c8vjn. w9l9 c0eg/tddrc2 wj*ugxreater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to ,q37q vmvezq;a 10-kg piec3zq;q,q e vvm7e of lead. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bat waw-/ 8ujie;xhtub. If the iron is removed from the wood, what happens to thuew w -xaj8/i;e water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood ci a*02x ha)p smh3b k9ubz2h9sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch tha) zb 39p*k2ha2chhs xbi0m9u e water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at poi*usca jh.ph* 0+ hs)lqnt B is larger than at point A. Where is the speed of the water ph*usshca+h)qj. 0 *l greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the yg wjj5c 5 -we-,herla8-(vn,;htipzpipe widens to twice its,gewhiy e5w-5( ,ljz- nar8 p;hj-v ct original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizl:l8 glu 3q*ngontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius,ulg:8 qg3nl l* what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principll /28cb ugp si7n,;kabe.

  Which one of the followingw+ j:sgf.i-gy is associated with the law of conservation of energy in flu:.-igyj g+ wsfids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increa/p+zj 7f q3ubmses, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is largejd 4 v )w50zq6jj+3amxxk yz4mr than at point A. Where is the water pressx)v+3zmx jdzmj44 ywq0 k65jaure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the pap+ f9vcw w-w1t,efm 0vrer rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The 6z(hkze/z79y)qsr- ir l 4gpd force of air resistance on him ier9r7) 46dsz/lqpgkh(- zy z is

  Two Styrofoam balls, zf;vmzt7b:sjc 7a16gof radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall towe6;c vmbtfs j7gz1za:7r. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls thrhpvugz;)k7kie-x. 6w ough water, it experiences a drag forc6.ep) z-wuxh;7vgkike $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluw5g l 2m eg.jb:(aaxo7id through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made agma 7g(j 5:b.l2oxwae 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twiq8ps .g*t2h;v wz .posce the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes vissw;. 2sp q*pg8.ho vztcous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as lo 29;hbz1qbfwwx ik1 )fng as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across thehqw2xf ;bw kf91bz)1i lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems8santvm(o+ i ) to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in littlet) vs o(8n+mia globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to a heig8cvp w6r +k,q.ro9j qjht h. If the diameter were half as great, how high woulwr9r. jjqqo86p+c ,k vd the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficie pn;94,m .efweylc, xtntly lightweight that they can rlw ;9p ,mcn4feyxe.t,un on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such 67d xsid9jm9;9wi itb k)g;3sk mgda1as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet o )6x9bdkwst7;ki9 91jgm dsimig;a3d f water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. ceqf. nm8at-md+e)bwg0 zc0( What is itfwb 0c tgdm+qaz nc.)em0e8-(s density?

  A liquid has a specifi6hh7 4 z66 ve k4d5itejfd-qacc gravity of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cfg.3gqhsg ljg7q 1 :eajl0:3pm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surfacjgs301 :phqlg ggj:a73lef.qe?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe vxs/ cdmiw)a1n2*h; jpva s4kr:* xg 7has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a subzv (3;jgkyxe x ,mrt hl63-p2f. fy,ijmarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in -6h; gmz (r3tefyx 3pvl2xiy,kjj,f .the ocean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a ( w/p5yvdcm23:v wrwtmaximum force of d3vrv2 cy5w/wp(tm:w $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the al1 wj4x*ivd3hbsolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressu z )njsm,r(2cvre at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of seawjn s ,vcm2zr)(ater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m below th p, x 9heftc-2cv,*7,kq,r v5 bqabjdre surface of sea? (The xtq,, 9qbb-apdce 2k,v7rc5f r,hj v* density of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The s:vor ,dss; u1zow4zw n;2gur0mall piston hanuo0z v;4g1 2ds,osruw;z rw:s area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the smal:j+1 (h :ye3o i0w tx8mrmt6rjl,evpal piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to liftlt8,m jm1jwi( p3r:oh6 xyv+tee: ra0 a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be .as/+cnpo k.t lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force n t pksc/.+nao.eeds to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diamgpz 0c5pbmwuo*d3.- leter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a l.gdpb053zum - pc o*wload of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 Ny( )43:inyg * jwhhtdh in water. What is the buoyant force of the watyw jhyn(3h)gh4d*i:t er?

  An object has a volume o b8iagl0 jx e:zq5t-b3f $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported bb:gyo/ m3n1qmaih w.xq) ;5ay y a string while submerged in water. What is the tension in the string? (The sp;qqw mya n iba 31g5/xh)m:yo.ecific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of golqb9 k hwcp7t9(d is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine (density = )t*h 6nz 7kl :(jtstwa$7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed inf;v/wcu v q6;g water. What is the;/;6vgvcfwq u specific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 120e tjv x2mm;k;+ g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowerejk v;x+mt;m2ed into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.uy c6/bqi 4ye5,zbgx- 0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just 7iq yll1.j rv2barely float in w 71v2lylir jq.ater. What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measu1 :f:5 ob5vqwev9 ovwwres 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m 9w 5v: 1wvvofob5:qe whigh. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surh*124 rpluf d,q6oyj eqm,wd7face of the water. The weight of the dihfed,o 4pjq,qw*u r lm7yd612 splaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in wxl9;5blz 8gxl ater with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surfaxz9lg85;bll xce. What is the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of kzv5ix3pboud2sc1 w+ gvy mg vlg b:;50(4gb2the water. What is the buoyant force on the objectg+5(lb0zbvd:p g1;vy gvc5oxu 24 m2 b3wskig?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What9e .v1jg aba(c2c.l )sozj (bj is the minimum area of the floe that will just support the.j(9clasvga jbj 2bz. )(e1c o bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flom :g*mn 3pbt6e7kg7k dzws7smk-+m i ,w rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cmp zn*ll. w.*lln-+ c1dgy4f-o 5mj+r pbhc*dm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line. What is the velocity in frnn* b5zl + m1dp.c**d .mowjg yll-4 lchp-+this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/srk/dfc4 t az(-bx,qp0 in a horizontal pipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fountap3r4 6onik n-tcy jy 9oh-c:8sin with 300 kPa, if the fountain is h 93pycj-o8konty46 -nisc :r30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs r7+zlstwcj3 , ,-6tqrw3mfu1uwvix5 in the bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate wi,1uz5 cvw 7rwu,tm 6xj 3iq- +tswl3rfll water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectge6 y50zw n*gqional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a visu(ubmsj2 .iajob* r0 7cosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a s0j *ou.iu2aj 7(bmrbneck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decbx5sks-yh1a d ppoy -d88-q:n reased the rady5-yx8:sd pnk-b-qop8 ads1h ius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has twice tq b.f4w3 )vfaj b ijgn./t4m1rhe diameter of tuva w4jffi.bjmngb1rt .q/4) 3be B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in9dobju8rhv n 5aa* c.1sl/kc7 a capillary tube of diameter 1.2 mm/1h85sk a9 on ac.b u7cj*dlrv?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capill -l +7btd(.gelpe9,( g euigdtary tube with a diam9 leipggt-, .ue(g7 ddb+(tel eter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placetyr4ojr 2/f5zr p,0il d vertically in a pan of water, and the water rises in the tube to 4y frrjzo4 /5p0l ir2t,.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 mr (,l(srkxmee ;fsn*- and width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the smkrel*(n(esr;s, -x furface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has9z0t)wa5dsyqg 3 yl1j length 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the fr0 wy9z 1saldgyj5 3qt)ame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?