IB Psychology HL Cognitive Approaches to Human Behaviour

1#

第 1 题组 (共 22 题 22 分)

The process of transforming incoming in:w2 f vzii8f,maj9.js *di5btformation into a mental construct and placed md i:i9ivts8z, .5 *abjjfwf2 in the brain as memory is called

A. Encoding

B. Storage

C. Retrieval

D. None of the above

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which cognitive process is closely related to the ac1nx2 dgpour: eg.k(( vtivation and use of schemas in th 2(1xg(pr:un .v goedke brain?

A. Reflex actions

B. Processing of visual information

C. Making decisions

D. Balance and coordination

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The working memory model by Baddeley & Hitch is focused on which stage of memor 5 z/afr0zayt4)in )7zlpfla+y34y vdy?zt iyzv)y5rp4 y7al/fa) d0zn+ 4fal3

A. Sensory memory

B. Short term memory

C. Long term memory

D. None of the above

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What describes System 2 th yd wqtzjgm* -n/l 4,apk51e.qinking?

A. Intuitive, instinctive, based on gut feelings and past experiences.

B. Quick, automatic, and effortless.

C. Emotional, impulsive, and irrational.

D. Deliberate, analytical, and effortful.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What describes System 1 thivo54k )je((uu bi;zw dnking?

A. Slow, serial, effortful, consciously monitored, deliberately controlled.

B. Fast, automatic, effortless, associative, implicit, emotionally charged.

C. It is the idea that thinking and decision-making are separate concepts.

D. Intuitive, instinctive, based on gut feelings and past experiences.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does information transfer from sensory to short-term memory act2v(p:mmpy x c ka m*6:korg)8cording to Atkinson & Shiffrin's multi-store model of memory?ovk8 x::r m)* tmy(agpcp62m k

A. Through decay

B. Through rehearsal

C. Through attention

D. Through retrieval

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What describes the dual process model of thinking and decision-making?(qxmbwl6 k3,o l+ v4hh s5dvn.

A. It is the model that says humans always make rational decisions.

B. It is the model that says thinking and decision-making are separate concepts.

C. It is the model that says there are two distinct types of thinking: intuitive and rational.

D. It is the model that says there are two separate cognitive processes at play when humans make decisions.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following best describes thx 6ikkxp+6uac,.vu6v e capacity of short-term memory?

A. Unlimited

B. An average of 7±2 items

C. May change due to individual differences

D. Cannot be identified

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which component of the working memory model is responsible for holding andgljgm )/wtao7 9 4etbm;i6;dq manipu ) 67alomg 9wbgtjqm 4eid/;;tlating auditory information?

A. Central executive

B. Phonological loop

C. Visuospatial sketchpad

D. Sensory register

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which type of memory is the most resistant to decay over tiqf8 (pt ,9wdot5idqq0 me and is relatively staqdfttd89o0,(5iwq p q ble throughout life?

A. Explicit memory

B. Episodic memory

C. Semantic memory

D. Procedural memory

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In the context of the two-system view of thinkin0 v4hwpat 7bq5xqtk 80g, what is an example of a cognitive task that requbwq8a vk htx7450tq p0ires controlled thinking?

A. Riding a bicycle

B. Deciding under uncertainty

C. Detecting a scent

D. Noticing a colour

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which thinking style involves judgments that directly reflect impres w8m m- l.cc36rnbr+tau0o(qzsions and are not modified by consc 8blzq rrn3w(om+utacc 06 m.-ious monitoring?

A. Intuitive thinking

B. Rational thinking

C. Automatic thinking

D. Controlled thinking

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which among the choices below arir 2 :4hkr*eiqe the limitations of the multi-store memory model? h4*ii q2:errk

A. It lacks ecological validity and does not explain the complexities of memory.

B. The model needs to be updated, and its explanations of memory only apply to some.

C. Studies do not strongly support it, and it does not apply to older individuals.

D. The model is complicated to use in various contexts.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the options pro5,ck+sax5wk r c,t g2jvided is not a critique of the schema theory?

A. The physical mechanisms through which schemas operate in the brain are not observable.

B. The process by which the schema is formed and established in the brain remains uncertain.

C. The schema theory does take emotional memories into consideration.

D. The schema theory is limited because of its ambiguous explanation of how memory works.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内15/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of dual-tas2 cap r8(o3eqyk techniqueep or(ac328yqs in research on the working memory model?

A. To investigate the capacity limitations of sensory memory.

B. To explore the role of long-term memory in cognitive tasks.

C. To examine the division of attention and the limitations of working memory.

D. To assess the effectiveness of rehearsal strategies in memory encoding.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内16/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the process of accommodati iypi0) mg8iej nc+7r;cy,e9y on based on Piaget's sc0;nm ecygiyp +7cejir ,98y )ihema theory?

A. A child uses their current knowledge of dogs to identify a horse as a ‘big dog’.

B. A child modifies his understanding of gravity after observing a ball falling at different speeds.

C. A child incorporates new information about birds into his current schema of ‘flying animals’.

D. A child repeats multiplication tables to reinforce existing mathematical skills.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内17/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cognitive schemas are: kk2f-i ((ycfjmupn) best described as:

A. Innate, genetically determined structures of the brain.

B. Automatic and unconscious mental processes.

C. Frameworks of knowledge and beliefs that organise and interpret information.

D. Strategies used to improve memory and problem-solving skills.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内18/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is not a prin; sh :2q ;vl(weiao4nzciple of cognitive approach?

A. Biases in cognitive processes can be systematic and predictable.

B. Cognitive processes don’t function in isolation.

C. Mental processes can be studied scientifically.

D. Behaviour is the product of physiology.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内19/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following4.bub8l wlcx5e pmn8 . is a cognitive model/theory?

A. Dual-processing model

B. Social identity theory

C. Globalization

D. Animal model

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内20/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the correct explanation of the serial position effemw,zpn,/y 9hy/4fo wy ct?

A. It is the tendency to recall the middle and last items better than the first items in the list.

B. It is the tendency to recall the first and last items on a list better than the items in the middle section.

C. It is the tendency to recall the first items on a list better than the other items.

D. It is the tendency to recall the last items on a list better than the other items.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内21/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which among the choices below can be used as a counterargument to thec fiu5vb4,i m8 multi-stor,8f 4 vmbuc5iie model of memory?

A. Bottom-up and top-down processing

B. Schema processing

C. Levels of processing

D. Normative model

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内22/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which type of schema is commonly linked to the negative think/(7mk ip emxf 4fb,+pwing patterns outlined in Beck’s Theory of mi4(w , ke/mf7pfp+bxDepression?

A. Script schema

B. Self-schema

C. Social Schema

D. Event schema

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 2 题组 (共 11 题 11 分)

Why is memory recall considered reconstructiv(uhkw ) rpb)(h5i i6ir/ g6ujqe?

A. Because it involves retrieval of information that was once stored.

B. Because it is like mental record or a video of past events.

C. Because it can be influenced by a variety of factors such as preconcieved notions and schemas.

D. Because memory stores significant events.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which statement best describes the misinformation effect in eyewitness t5 kentt,5xml: estimony?tt :k e5xlmn5,

A. Eyewitnesses are more likely to remember information accurately if they discuss the event with others who have experienced it.

B. Eyewitnesses' memories of an event can be altered or distorted by misleading information presented after the event.

C. Eyewitnesses' memory of an event tends to improve over time.

D. Eyewitnesses' confidence in their memory of an event is always a reliable indicator of its accuracy.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What was the central focus of Tversky and Kahneman's (1974) research on cognith:+ lz28z bmt tj4efb*ive bia*bfl+hbz tm8tz j:4 e2ses and decision-making?

A. Developing the dual process model of thinking and decision-making

B. Understanding intuitive judgments in situations involving risks and uncertainty

C. Understanding the limits of working memory on people's ability to compute optimal decisions

D. Developing a model for behavioural economics.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Below are factors that usually affect the availavuwov ,zpl xx0*5m:1bbility heuristic except for

A. Family upbringing

B. Political affiliation

C. Exposure to advertising

D. Exposure to news or media coverage

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Loftus developed a study in 1997 which aimed to plant a falsl28 tm pf69j6:mr xqcnqj.ik3e memory of being lost in a mall. Results indicated that a portion of the participants claimed to remember the false event after a skq3cxlm6ptrnmf:q9j 26 i8. jeries of interviews.
Based on Loftus' research, how can false memories be implanted?

A. By asking leading questions

B. By asking people to narrate their stories and retell them

C. By suggesting and confabulating information

D. By changing the words used in a sentence (e.g using the word crash in replacement of hit)

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When determining the value of rg;.*+rja8x wafvlb11(h dq d, m 2sxma vintage watch, an individual is influenced by the seller's inivs8 *qd jmrxaxh ;rgd, 21fmaw b.(+1ltial asking price. This is an example of

A. Confirmation bias

B. Availability heuristic

C. Hindsight bias

D. Anchoring bias

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The notion of cognitive biases was introl9bj8gb 9a jh.qblo *k77 ;bgtduced by which of the following researcher/s?jb llga b kqo7.8h7bt9b9j;*g

A. Tschirgi

B. Tversky and Kahneman

C. Huber, Payne and Puto

D. Chapman and Chapman

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is not a strategy for xjp ewwqfd,46uk4y8* the adaptive decision-maker framework by Payne, Bettman and Johnson (1 6wkw4u8p*e jfy ,dqx4993)?

A. Utility theory

B. Lexicographic strategy

C. Lexicographic strategy

D. Elimination by aspects

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How were the findings of Loftus and Palg. oa:x1ha1 ramer’s study interpreted in relation to the reconstructive nature of m:x ar1a1 ogah.emory?

A. The participants showed response bias and memory change

B. The participants were misled to remember certain information

C. The participants lacked memory rehearsal

D. The participant responses showed the transfer of information from sensory to long-term memory

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Some studies on eyewitness testimonies are conducted in naturaz/d ab.y fl -vd d.f3aqu86i83rqu mrn,r0y0elistic settings. Which of the following is a limu0y.v-q/r0d3f e8qa dl.uzmd 68b3 naif ryr,itation of these settings?

A. Lack of population validity

B. Lack of internal validity

C. Lack of generalization

D. Lack of reflexivity

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a person vividly remembers a particular n zg8bglrhp.83 3g*jpincident which is accompanied by a strong emotional reaction, it i 8 gg.8g3rnhpp3*j lbzs known as

A. Sensory memory

B. Eyewitness testimony

C. Flashbulb memory

D. Reconstructive memory

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 3 题组 (共 6 题 6 分)

What two components makeup Schacter and Singer's two-factor theory of 7)k4 c*de 2semmmbv/iemotion?

A. The environment & cognitive appraisal of the environment

B. Cognitive appraisal & the emotional appraisal

C. Physical arousal & cognitive appraisal

D. Emotional arousal & physical stimulus

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is considered to be a main methodo5qamcr( l +g:c2k)7llk n w;nclogical issue in Brown & Kulik's (1977) research on flashbulb mem7ck:;mn l nklql +c(5g)crw a2ory?

A. They used a limited sample size.

B. Their sample is prone to gender bias, not having equal male and female participants.

C. They did not use brain imaging techniques to investigate flashbulb memory in the brain.

D. Their use of self-report questionnaires makes it difficult to verify the accuracy of one's memories.

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What role does the amygdala play t e qq;at32g2*t(cxxsin memory?

A. It takes over the memory encoding process from the hippocampus but focuses only on the emotional stimuli.

B. It acts as a ‘gatekeeper’ by controlling which sensory inputs are processed in the hippocampus through the subcortical structures.

C. As a component of the interconnected memory system with the hippocampus, the amygdala regulates the sensory inputs processed in the hippocampus through subcortical structures.

D. It directs automatic or unconscious responses to emotional stimuli while linking sensory information with long-term memory in the cerebral cortex.

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which emotion needs to be triggered ecm;3n ,ki0e 9* y1doi1scbio e*j0r bfor flashbulb memories to be created?

A. Anger

B. Sadness/Grief

C. Surprise

D. Happiness/ Joy

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which among the choices below outlines the function of the amygdal1kryy, xz3w c(a in relation to,yzkcw1x 3yr ( flashbulb memories?

A. Activation of the amygdala enhances memory consolidation by facilitating neural plasticity.

B. Activation of the amygdala leads to a reduction of neural pathways, leading to poor flashbulb memory.

C. Amygdala does not interfere in the formation of flashbulb memories.

D. The amygdala regulates the body’s emotional response.

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following hormones play a role in the activatio3o b5q 1ejfek-av)vz6 mgd8 7r w8d,rrn of the amygdala?

A. Testosterone

B. Growth hormones

C. Progesterone

D. Adrenaline

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 4 题组 (共 6 题 6 分)

Which best describes the ‘Google Effect’?33m2(u gxrc z) r4q mabe(plt*

A. The impact of search engines on online advertising

B. The negative consequences of excessive internet usage on cognitive abilities

C. The propensity to forget easily accessible information due to search engines

D. The improved memory recall resulting from the availability of external information sources

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教师可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the common effect of repeated expvr+mbsh 1 m19j q98zk+cmb u3sosure to fake news or false information on s8qkc u1v+sr +mb939mjs b zmh1ocial media on a person's memory?

A. It increases the likelihood of false information being remembered as false.

B. It increases the likelihood of false information being remembered as true.

C. It increases the likelihood of false information being shared.

D. It has no observed effect based on research.

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to other stud6l1pn +kl lv( jr22ofjies exploring the effects of digital technology on cognitive processes, whatrjvnl( + 2l1fj26pl ko distinguishes Sparrow et al.'s (2011) research?

A. The study generated more generalisable results due to its use of a larger sample size compared to previous studies.

B. Unlike most studies that rely on correlations or self-reports, this study utilizes experimental methodology.

C. The student interviewed students who were active in terms of their internet.

D. They used correlational data which effectively illustrated the associations between the use of digital technology and behaviour.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is a methodological consideration one should take into accoun,5()pjt; cq(emm c rwgt when researching about social media and hur(5tw mc)j,m;(q gcp eman behaviour?

A. Experimental methods are prevalent in researching social media usage, which enables the identification of cause-effect relationships.

B. Privacy concerns are a significant consideration in any research on social media usage.

C. The extent of research on social media usage is restricted by the data provided by the major technology companies.

D. Research into social media usage is susceptible to participant reactivity and may impact the accuracy of the findings.

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following research methods is appropri15+lwhohhxuxq6ufi o7 l7;u7 l 3e:veate to study the effect of technology e17xowq6 3ule+uv h:xh h;7iul7o5lf on cognition?

A. Observation

B. Field experiment

C. Laboratory experiment

D. Surveys

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Identify which of the options below best explains the link betwjbq8md2+ g 5mueen the Google effect and tm +ubd2j 5gq8mransactive memory.

A. People now tend to excessively rely on the internet as an external memory store.

B. People do not evaluate or cross-check information from the internet with other sources.

C. People consider information from the internet as safe and reliable more than their own memory.

D. The ease and availability of the internet as an external memory store has made people less reliant on their own memory.

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