IB Psychology HL Sociocultural Approaches to Human Behaviour

1#

第 1 题组 (共 14 题 14 分)

According to Social Cognitive Theory, which of the following is not a cognit4d / )o-ai+ do zpwiizguk/9j;ive factor in-wdi 9 /a ;dogzpi+uk)4i z/ojvolved in learning from a model?

A. Attention

B. Arousal

C. Motivation

D. Potential

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best describes1ga; b3neg1jjw1eqbkl+3qe u 9 c2j*2hov 4fo stereotypes?

A. Prejudices toward a group or person

B. Positive or negative generalizations about a group

C. Harmful beliefs about a group

D. Outdated cultural values

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following best describes th-+4a n/noc rgq)wxoc-e Social Identity Theory?

A. It is a theory that seeks to explain how we learn behaviour from models

B. It is a theory that explains how individuals develop their identities

C. It is a model of what happens when groups interact with each other

D. It is a theory that explores how individuals define themselves based on group memberships

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does Social Cognitive The5oaek5zy2 szhqg:mrpd0 h 6 .;ory successfully explain?

A. Lengthy-time delays between when a behavior is modeled and when a behavior is shown

B. Why some people never learn modeled behaviors, even if all of the conditions are met

C. Why people are able to demonstrate behaviors they’ve never practiced

D. Individual differences in learning speed for a modeled behavior

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is the most fundamental concevk/-fkn9c z 6wj wc0(b2l atgj57rcq1pt within Social Identity Theork5b v92g-zn/1cw06l(rjckq tw 7f j cay?

A. Salience

B. Positive distinctiveness

C. Categorization

D. Social Comparison

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best describes how illusory correlations can lead todh4bnq fwh:+g2)gb , n stereotypes?

A. People falsely see relationships between groups and traits or behaviors

B. Individuals form a judgment of a group based on one interaction with another individual

C. People seek out information that confirms a pre-existing belief

D. We perceive all members of an out-group as similar

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which mechanism of Social Identity Theory is most closely related to positive d u(wg (qwsui*yk pl+*1i k(uli(p*y* s1qu+ gwwstinctiveness?

A. Identification

B. Social comparison

C. Categorization

D. Salience

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following iva,t/7ylyrsf3yyq8k ,/ 8 pcrs true of social groups?

A. They are usually formed during childhood

B. Social groups must be homogenous in most identities

C. They can be based on arbitrary similarities

D. Social groups do not matter as much as cultural groups

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reg 4 b5gyf6kul:m )fkv:inforcement?

A. A teacher shows students how to draw a butterfly, and the students try on their own.

B. An employee is praised for high sales in a weekly meeting, and they continue performing well.

C. A toddler is put in time out for pushing a playmate. They do not push anyone again.

D. A person sees a celebrity receive praise for donating to charity, and so they do the same.

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is an agent for f+tgbtj -l -d.secondary socialisation?

A. Community

B. Parents

C. Siblings

D. Second-degree relatives

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In social cognitive theory, the reproduction of va(g6xm1e-,gviq k(0 wtylf s )wid7 (a task is affected by

A. Motivation

B. Reward

C. Self-efficacy

D. Punishment

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is not an assumption of the socav(4 re2ln04 imx eesfj 1k:e2iocultural approach?

A. People are cognitive misers.

B. Humans engage in both automatic and controlled thinking.

C. Self-esteem guides human behaviour.

D. People only learn through reinforcement.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the followingz,g,wo7pj9h1a alx 8g describes priming?

A. It is the ease with which one can use their schema because the memories have been retrieved recently.

B. It is the process by which recent personal experience increases the accessibility of a schema.

C. It refers to when two variables are seen as related when they are not.

D. It refers to when individuals hold two conflicting thoughts.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A job applicant believes she will mess up her job interview, so she is anxio f0.7riye9ic3(ew 3o lc o:mhaus and stumbles over her words during the interview, which eventually leads to her not geoi (hw30mfyie:arc. le 9co37 tting the job. This is an example of

A. Grain of truth hypothesis

B. Illusory correlation

C. Self-fulfilling prophecy

D. Stereotype threat

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 2 题组 (共 15 题 15 分)

Which choice correctly outlhv,3k)h ( nvdjines one cultural dimension?

A. Masculinity vs femininity: describes a culture’s tendency to respect hierarchy

B. Uncertainty avoidance index: describes a culture’s focus on the future

C. Long-term vs short-term orientation: describes a culture’s willingness to have fun and live in the moment

D. Individualism vs collectivism: describes a culture’s emphasis on group membership

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which describes a cultur msmb.e677v tw/ sho/pal group?

A. Fans of a specific sports team

B. Members of an indigenous or native group

C. Members of a sorority or fraternity

D. Students in a university degree program

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does not accurately x;tpr0k d aszzcr17-.ca d, z)describe culture?

A. Includes attitudes, beliefs, and values shared by a group

B. Has rules, norms, and values that may change over time

C. A set of unchanging norms and rules for a group

D. Involves customs around food, music, social rituals, and so on

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best describes what cultural dimensions ar)ql c9wq +bv9we?

A. Ratings of a culture

B. Explanations of the key differences within given cultures or nationalities

C. Comparisons along key traits across various cultures/nationalities

D. Descriptions of the key changes since a culture came into existence

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is a limitation of research dow0vfo d d-9i/ 2xtbk9mne on culture and interpersonal relationship w9d-dt9i xv /2ofb0mks?

A. The research uses self-report questionnaires

B. The research leads to leading question bias

C. There is evidence of researcher bias

D. Case-to-case generalisation is low

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of these outlines4 obubh6sy(6k one effect of culture on behavior or cognition?

A. Having a high long-term orientation leads to increased saving behaviors

B. Participants demonstrate higher conformity when told they are a member of an in-group

C. People often seek information to support their already-held beliefs about other groups

D. Children are more likely to imitate a model if they are of the same gender

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best explains the ecological fallacy?,e*;9s ncna l* hh/lwz

A. A conclusion is reached by assuming all individuals in a group show the same characteristics of the group itself

B. The study’s generalizability is limited because of the sampling used for the study

C. It is the same as a stereotype

D. The study’s generalizability is limited because of the setting of the study

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What does the OCEAN model st0l-ftdxgm0*kz)xb 9w 0 4 (rbleegm:tand for?

A. Openness, conscientiousness, empathetic, agreeableness, neuroticism

B. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

C. Openness, communication, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

D. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, affectionate, nourishing

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process of studying cultures from an outside perspeq3wu2y x: xtk1/mmegeqy4f0 7ctive looking in is known fwm7qek mx1x:y03/q2tuyeg 4as

A. Etic approach

B. Emic approach

C. Cultural syndrome

D. Culture of honour

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which statement is NOT a characteristic of collectivist axrs7)60 rjqlnd+lr)cultures?

A. Primarily focused on the success of one's immediate family

B. Conformity to the decisions made by one's group

C. Personal sacrifices made to ensure that the group succeeds

D. Cooperating with others is valued

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which cultural dimensig vs7x n0q 28wvldck.4on best reflects a company that allows employees to submit proposals for new strategic developments as decision-making takes place after a great deal of collaboration betweev2l0qc8 gwv7kn.d sx 4n relevant departments?

A. High power distance

B. Low power distance

C. High masculinity

D. Low masculinity

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What research method was used in Hofstede’s study investpdp+s,-smlm- oz bx76f 5tu9migating cultural difference +-psu 75bfo6xz9t- sm,pd lmms?

A. Laboratory experiment

B. Correlational study

C. Case study

D. Survey

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One criticism of Hofstede's study on cultural dimensions is thntai odq-f :th(2x4o*at cultural stereotyping may hq tih - 4(oonftdx2a:*ave been encouraged. Why might this be the case?

A. Hofstede only surveyed IBM employees, who may not be representative of everyone in their culture.

B. Cultural dimensions do not take into account individual differences between people in a given country.

C. Cultural dimensions do not convey the complexity of a country's history, religion, and belief system.

D. It is unclear if there are other cultural dimensions that are yet to be discovered

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which statement below best describes the findings of q(*vgbh lj+vs2;1w a uChen's study?

A. Participants shown a picture of Chinese lanterns tended to pay for immediate shipping.

B. Participants shown a picture of NYC's skyline tended to pay for immediate shipping.

C. Singaporeans tended to pay for immediate shipping.

D. Americans tended to pay for immediate shipping.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内15/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following explains vertical collectivisug q ptp:5k;htx 1ve fj4+x;,sm?

A. Members show outgroup discrimination.

B. Members merge with the ingroup and submit to an authority in that ingroup.

C. Members are unique/on their own and mainly of the same status.

D. Members merge with the ingroup and almost have the same status.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 3 题组 (共 10 题 10 分)

Which best outlines enculturatin3(sl;o* nxa kc1i8xoon?

A. It is the process of adapting to a new culture

B. The acquisition of the values and norms of a primary culture

C. It is a theory that describes our ability to learn through vicarious reinforcement

D. A model which describes how we become similar to our parents

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is acculturative s-myfm, ) :fxlcdbx (0stress?

A. Difficulty in acquiring a primary culture

B. Negative effects associated with adjusting to a new culture

C. Illness that occurs when one is unable to integrate into a new culture

D. The process of gaining protective factors during acculturation

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which term describes the method of enculturation in which learners receive -2nld 0 whsz:treinforcement or consequences from adults wit nshl20t-d :zwhin their culture?

A. Direct tuition

B. Vertical transmission

C. Acculturation

D. Social Cognitive Theory

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which is not an acculturative strategp7w bw 73u*aery outlined in Berry's acculturation model?

A. Integration

B. Marginalization

C. Acclimation

D. Separation

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which choice does not ouql8u0tg9i /wr nzsy4./ ky 1xatline a protective factor?

A. Sharing similar values as family members

B. Proficiency in languages associated with both the new and original cultures

C. Job satisfaction and economic opportunities.

D. Preference for speaking English only

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following does not describe ci x9xg j;6j rkvwe8wr(c,a +,oultural norms?

A. Cultural norms are passed down from one generation to another.

B. An individual may learn cultural norms from media, such as through watching television.

C. If someone does not follow cultural norms consistently, they are not considered a part of that culture.

D. Cultural norms describe values and rules within a given cultural group.

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

According to Berry's Acculturationt59y,luk 9 x9ewg8 s;nyozk n6 model, which choice explains the acculturation strat ew 6nku;8o5 9lnkz,9g 9ytxysegy of assimilation?

A. Positive relationship with new culture; low importance on maintaining original culture

B. No relationship with new culture; high importance on maintaining original culture

C. No relationship with new culture; low importance on maintaining original culture

D. Positive relationship with new culture; high importance on maintaining original culture

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does not describe eboiii1xai4vck d7t393y4)bmawi3 3rnculturation?

A. It is always a conscious process

B. It is only related to one’s primary culture

C. It involves the passage of norms, values, and knowledge

D. It can be influenced by people other than caregivers or parents

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following correctly defines the ga4jssajwe3 aj.+c ( -kotekeeper theory?

A. It is the cross-cultural study and analysis of cultural norms.

B. The process of passing attitudes, and cultural norms from one generation to another.

C. It is the unique set of attitudes, beliefs and behaviour specific to some culture.

D. It is a psychology and communication theory related to who controls access to information and ideas in a social group.

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following correctly describes the h6.qxczvkjla 4ay0x)7dey, , negative acculturation effect?

A. When individuals have a negative attitude towards the new culture.

B. When individuals have little interest in maintaining their original culture.

C. Refers to the concept that recent migrants are healthier than their native-born counterparts.

D. Refers to the diminishing difference between migrants and their native-born counterparts over time.

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/3) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 4 题组 (共 3 题 3 分)

Berry's acculturation model suggests that marginalization mc2n w.bkvrf2*dpu p-q3y ih5 (ay be the result of which combination of rhi.3kw-r p(2q2vub *dy5pc fnelationships to local and global cultures?

A. Positive towards both local and global cultures

B. Negative towards both local and global cultures

C. Positive toward local, negative toward global culture

D. Negative toward local, positive toward global culture

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/3) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does not describe glo 0,ltepfs w8glp;j 4x(balization?

A. Values promoted by globalization include individualism, tolerance, and freedom of choice

B. The internet, international travel, and open trade policies contribute to globalization

C. Globalization is equally shaped by all cultures around the world

D. Globalization can have both positive and negative impacts on individuals

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/3) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best explains one limitation of research on globalisation a)z m 4nrhkx9h0nd human behavi ) 4zhr9mx0knhour?

A. The construct of globalisation is difficult to operationalise, making it hard to measure precisely.

B. Many studies have high internal validity, but this is reached by excessive controls that reduce external validity.

C. Cross-sectional research on globalisation is common, so studies often lose participants over time.

D. Globalisation research is never generalisable when data is collected within a cultural group.

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