IB Psychology HL Sociocultural Approaches to Human Behaviour

1#

第 1 题组 (共 14 题 14 分)

According to Social Cognitive Theory, which -yrefcf;j:+m of the following is not a cognitive factor invo+- :crf;mey fjlved in learning from a model?

A. Attention

B. Arousal

C. Motivation

D. Potential

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best describes stereotypesk(/xsd2u5 ;8 *kocjszw x1h uu?

A. Prejudices toward a group or person

B. Positive or negative generalizations about a group

C. Harmful beliefs about a group

D. Outdated cultural values

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following bestdnmpr 7lqh,j2 *q(bs23mq r-h describes the Social Identity Theory?

A. It is a theory that seeks to explain how we learn behaviour from models

B. It is a theory that explains how individuals develop their identities

C. It is a model of what happens when groups interact with each other

D. It is a theory that explores how individuals define themselves based on group memberships

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does Social Cognitive duhby :5;z .kxTheory successfully explain?

A. Lengthy-time delays between when a behavior is modeled and when a behavior is shown

B. Why some people never learn modeled behaviors, even if all of the conditions are met

C. Why people are able to demonstrate behaviors they’ve never practiced

D. Individual differences in learning speed for a modeled behavior

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is t( n,enqj4ol pcdw, 0*dhe most fundamental concept within Social Identity Theo,cpd0 n(jewo4dn l*q,ry?

A. Salience

B. Positive distinctiveness

C. Categorization

D. Social Comparison

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best describes how illusory correlations can lead to sterr9wf br vjom:+j,4ki3eotypes?

A. People falsely see relationships between groups and traits or behaviors

B. Individuals form a judgment of a group based on one interaction with another individual

C. People seek out information that confirms a pre-existing belief

D. We perceive all members of an out-group as similar

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which mechanism of Social Identity Theory is most closely r36jv vwhr+v0 f cem+9 (rzjju5elated to positive distinctz9 u (c++rh3mrj5v6vwjjf ev 0iveness?

A. Identification

B. Social comparison

C. Categorization

D. Salience

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is trbm5n ph 3s9 qa*i/5 m-.hkbgjyue of social groups?

A. They are usually formed during childhood

B. Social groups must be homogenous in most identities

C. They can be based on arbitrary similarities

D. Social groups do not matter as much as cultural groups

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforced6:q(af(j njk mc 44z j,eh8qsment?

A. A teacher shows students how to draw a butterfly, and the students try on their own.

B. An employee is praised for high sales in a weekly meeting, and they continue performing well.

C. A toddler is put in time out for pushing a playmate. They do not push anyone again.

D. A person sees a celebrity receive praise for donating to charity, and so they do the same.

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is an agent for secondaryjh5js4 xfj9vdis.mrtm*1:av5 - (ztr socialisation?

A. Community

B. Parents

C. Siblings

D. Second-degree relatives

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In social cognitive theory, the reproduction of a task 47k7d )v) l (y-ktywvb)ajaiois affected by

A. Motivation

B. Reward

C. Self-efficacy

D. Punishment

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is not an assumption of the sociocultural approachik yxi6/ ir7)p?

A. People are cognitive misers.

B. Humans engage in both automatic and controlled thinking.

C. Self-esteem guides human behaviour.

D. People only learn through reinforcement.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following describe 16vxi-fip/p4y tc,vhwcz,* vs priming?

A. It is the ease with which one can use their schema because the memories have been retrieved recently.

B. It is the process by which recent personal experience increases the accessibility of a schema.

C. It refers to when two variables are seen as related when they are not.

D. It refers to when individuals hold two conflicting thoughts.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/14) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A job applicant believes.ncbv k- ;tsay *e9s(s she will mess up her job interview, so she is anxious and stumbles over her words during the interview, which eventually leads to her n-sn.kv (eb;9*ct ayss ot getting the job. This is an example of

A. Grain of truth hypothesis

B. Illusory correlation

C. Self-fulfilling prophecy

D. Stereotype threat

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 2 题组 (共 15 题 15 分)

Which choice correctly ou0 vx*5gvf1,p7 fe hd:has uc*atlines one cultural dimension?

A. Masculinity vs femininity: describes a culture’s tendency to respect hierarchy

B. Uncertainty avoidance index: describes a culture’s focus on the future

C. Long-term vs short-term orientation: describes a culture’s willingness to have fun and live in the moment

D. Individualism vs collectivism: describes a culture’s emphasis on group membership

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which describes a cultural s79dfog55 mzftz xn89group?

A. Fans of a specific sports team

B. Members of an indigenous or native group

C. Members of a sorority or fraternity

D. Students in a university degree program

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does not accuratf4sld. ; 8fuveely describe culture?

A. Includes attitudes, beliefs, and values shared by a group

B. Has rules, norms, and values that may change over time

C. A set of unchanging norms and rules for a group

D. Involves customs around food, music, social rituals, and so on

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best describes what cultur9o:/q dmf a0z5fz7j ical dimensions are?

A. Ratings of a culture

B. Explanations of the key differences within given cultures or nationalities

C. Comparisons along key traits across various cultures/nationalities

D. Descriptions of the key changes since a culture came into existence

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is a limitation of research done on culture and ;ti ykt(;x.z1 xq1fec z9vk +9gx-uatinterpersonal relatiokexg.19 t;t9 zy+cu1 t-xf ;a(zx ivkqnships?

A. The research uses self-report questionnaires

B. The research leads to leading question bias

C. There is evidence of researcher bias

D. Case-to-case generalisation is low

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of these outlines i y/d79vsygw7vw1-:xnkoh s,one effect of culture on behavior or cognition?

A. Having a high long-term orientation leads to increased saving behaviors

B. Participants demonstrate higher conformity when told they are a member of an in-group

C. People often seek information to support their already-held beliefs about other groups

D. Children are more likely to imitate a model if they are of the same gender

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best explains tvtbwle 49 sl56 bd1f:ohe ecological fallacy?

A. A conclusion is reached by assuming all individuals in a group show the same characteristics of the group itself

B. The study’s generalizability is limited because of the sampling used for the study

C. It is the same as a stereotype

D. The study’s generalizability is limited because of the setting of the study

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What does the OCEAN modeh z0uxd+ymy wv. 4f58rl stand for?

A. Openness, conscientiousness, empathetic, agreeableness, neuroticism

B. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

C. Openness, communication, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

D. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, affectionate, nourishing

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process of studyio v71k1wjs4hsvy( 9p xng cultures from an outside perspective looking in is known(h1 1y s9vkp sov74xwj as

A. Etic approach

B. Emic approach

C. Cultural syndrome

D. Culture of honour

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which statement is NOT a characteristic of collectivist cultrs. t)py8fbynk ltk60n48yt: ures?

A. Primarily focused on the success of one's immediate family

B. Conformity to the decisions made by one's group

C. Personal sacrifices made to ensure that the group succeeds

D. Cooperating with others is valued

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which cultural dimension best reflects a company that allows employeexpdns b/p-fwe(d x2lc s0 qv;d9v452ns to submit proposals for new strategic e9wdn0 c;pq- (p dvs/vxx4l5 2nfdbs2 developments as decision-making takes place after a great deal of collaboration between relevant departments?

A. High power distance

B. Low power distance

C. High masculinity

D. Low masculinity

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What research method was used in Hofstes,htlqazc):hu3oh6t ( -p7 iede’s study investigating cultural differences e76cl h qo-,s(3u)ihtp:zth a?

A. Laboratory experiment

B. Correlational study

C. Case study

D. Survey

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One criticism of Hofstede's study on cultural dimensions is that cultural stere jlrfg)+v k4u2otyping may have been encouraged. Why m v)+j2fr l4gukight this be the case?

A. Hofstede only surveyed IBM employees, who may not be representative of everyone in their culture.

B. Cultural dimensions do not take into account individual differences between people in a given country.

C. Cultural dimensions do not convey the complexity of a country's history, religion, and belief system.

D. It is unclear if there are other cultural dimensions that are yet to be discovered

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which statement below best describes the fi/xw zsn y-o efl(+;q1dndings of Chen's study?

A. Participants shown a picture of Chinese lanterns tended to pay for immediate shipping.

B. Participants shown a picture of NYC's skyline tended to pay for immediate shipping.

C. Singaporeans tended to pay for immediate shipping.

D. Americans tended to pay for immediate shipping.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内15/15) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following explains verti q952umns;n e0mxv*zh cal collectivism?

A. Members show outgroup discrimination.

B. Members merge with the ingroup and submit to an authority in that ingroup.

C. Members are unique/on their own and mainly of the same status.

D. Members merge with the ingroup and almost have the same status.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 3 题组 (共 10 题 10 分)

Which best outlines enculturation se:a39mesr; um( /lwn?

A. It is the process of adapting to a new culture

B. The acquisition of the values and norms of a primary culture

C. It is a theory that describes our ability to learn through vicarious reinforcement

D. A model which describes how we become similar to our parents

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is acculturative stressp5f n(vpd esx;z5fhkw k;6 2a4?

A. Difficulty in acquiring a primary culture

B. Negative effects associated with adjusting to a new culture

C. Illness that occurs when one is unable to integrate into a new culture

D. The process of gaining protective factors during acculturation

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which term describes the method of enculturation in which learners receivekfjwhael,9j f:0(abrd(d8hr xe 1 3t, reinforcement or consef0wkdtljh,b a3r d1:x, (9e8ajr(hfe quences from adults within their culture?

A. Direct tuition

B. Vertical transmission

C. Acculturation

D. Social Cognitive Theory

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which is not an acculturative strategy outlined in Berry's acculturation h) ;1axw/rto ))ginqg model?

A. Integration

B. Marginalization

C. Acclimation

D. Separation

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which choice does not outline a protective 1 o9j5wa2nseofactor?

A. Sharing similar values as family members

B. Proficiency in languages associated with both the new and original cultures

C. Job satisfaction and economic opportunities.

D. Preference for speaking English only

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following does not6 g;-5db exvek 3ll(oe describe cultural norms?

A. Cultural norms are passed down from one generation to another.

B. An individual may learn cultural norms from media, such as through watching television.

C. If someone does not follow cultural norms consistently, they are not considered a part of that culture.

D. Cultural norms describe values and rules within a given cultural group.

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

According to Berry's Acculturation modeld5 wd:j1.xhd bc 3.j7wzlyh-r, which choice explains the acculturation strategy of assimil1h3d5.:wyd w7-x j.l dbjhz rcation?

A. Positive relationship with new culture; low importance on maintaining original culture

B. No relationship with new culture; high importance on maintaining original culture

C. No relationship with new culture; low importance on maintaining original culture

D. Positive relationship with new culture; high importance on maintaining original culture

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does not describe encultura8+ ze +e9fw6*6 kf udhjx3ukurtion?

A. It is always a conscious process

B. It is only related to one’s primary culture

C. It involves the passage of norms, values, and knowledge

D. It can be influenced by people other than caregivers or parents

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following(xyo ryb3/ 7qz correctly defines the gatekeeper theory?

A. It is the cross-cultural study and analysis of cultural norms.

B. The process of passing attitudes, and cultural norms from one generation to another.

C. It is the unique set of attitudes, beliefs and behaviour specific to some culture.

D. It is a psychology and communication theory related to who controls access to information and ideas in a social group.

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/10) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following correctly describes the negative acculturation effect ltbo,u*7jg z5?

A. When individuals have a negative attitude towards the new culture.

B. When individuals have little interest in maintaining their original culture.

C. Refers to the concept that recent migrants are healthier than their native-born counterparts.

D. Refers to the diminishing difference between migrants and their native-born counterparts over time.

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/3) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 4 题组 (共 3 题 3 分)

Berry's acculturation model suggests that marginalizae0 t0nb;a5 joation may be the result of which combination of relationships to loob5 0n;j0aeatcal and global cultures?

A. Positive towards both local and global cultures

B. Negative towards both local and global cultures

C. Positive toward local, negative toward global culture

D. Negative toward local, positive toward global culture

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/3) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which does not describe globalization?h2uc6iq2k qx*j8 nfv0

A. Values promoted by globalization include individualism, tolerance, and freedom of choice

B. The internet, international travel, and open trade policies contribute to globalization

C. Globalization is equally shaped by all cultures around the world

D. Globalization can have both positive and negative impacts on individuals

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/3) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which best explains one limitation of research ok y)bvw 3//dkgn globalisation and human behaviou)kv y kw3//dgbr?

A. The construct of globalisation is difficult to operationalise, making it hard to measure precisely.

B. Many studies have high internal validity, but this is reached by excessive controls that reduce external validity.

C. Cross-sectional research on globalisation is common, so studies often lose participants over time.

D. Globalisation research is never generalisable when data is collected within a cultural group.

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