Suggest which of the following might influence a person’s environmental 6 q 4w,(e2w bjdff)vnuvip0)uvalue systemv6v0 uejf, w4fup2n)q (iwdb) :

  igure: Sample EU energy efficienca / rqidi*0r ,v9e.arty label for a washing machine


[Source: Dunn, Andrew (2004, December 30). File: EU energy label.png. Wikimedia. Retrieved 28 July 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.png. Copyright free]
Improving the energy efficiency of household machines will help us decrease the amount of energy we use.
Identify the environmental value system that best matches this approach.

  Identify which of the following environmental value systems is most likxa:0tkbhjm- l8rm-v4l / 6urb ely held by Elon Musk, the fou-al8v rh ub-4tx/l:m mk0jr6b nder of Tesla and Space-X.

  Figure: "The Blue Mar,x1azqb7j1v oble"




[Source: Category: The Blue Marble (7 December 1972). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved July 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category
#/media/File
.png. Copyright free.]
When we talk about the environmental movement we are referring to organised groups of people who take actions to protect the world around them. Humans have always taken care of their surroundings to some extent, but since the 1960s a sense of urgency has grown as we realise how beautiful, fragile and threatened our planet is.
State which of the following is not likely to have been a significant historical influence on the environmental movement.

  Identify the statement that is a priority in a technocenu4y gv1nszd2* 6t lyx6trist worldview.

  Figure: Systems model for develop-bq 9xg :kk8muing an environmental value system


Using the Figure, deduce which stage of a system would best match participating in a climate demonstration in your city.

  Figure: A sign about North oin lpkojlh/ 1m8l. xjevj q2,92e5+aAtlantic right whales


[Source: DrStew82. (2018, Dec 24). File
North Atlantic Right Whales sign, Belfast, Maine.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved Aug 16 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
,_Belfast,_Maine.jpg. CC SA 4.0]
The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is critically endangered.
Suggest a technocentric method to save this species from extinction.

  List an input and an outpuzyrf 4*;2iy/x: rcyvd7 px y2rt of an environmental value system.What is input and outputf z2:xvxyyr /y*idcyr ;47p2 r?

  Determine which is the best definilmez 3 vjzfyw-9/ pm79yb*1yotion for ‘environmental value system’ (EVS).

  Figure: A systems mod nw/3yi (qg k0c(bq9hcel for developing an environmental value system





Identify which of the following best represents stage II in the development of an environmental value system as represented in the system diagram in the Figure.

  Explain the idea that the eljck 3f4w s tok-5dct92e*qj.nvironment has an intrinsic value.

  Identify which of the following statements is most closely associat zyg cpg3l/k34f /6 kwmw/ik9ned with an anthropocentric environmental value syszmikk/3g3w g/ lw yk4 fn6p9/ctem.


I. The use of technological advancements is our best chance at stopping climate change.
II. As humans, we are the dominant species and thus responsible to take care of the planet.
III. Nature is inherently balanced and will restore itself if not interfered with.
IV. Small-scale agriculture is more sustainable than large-scale agriculture.

  Figure: March for Climate ii /ohksj mbvz 94kq 9xjf1t df,4+1f*yn Katowice (2018)




Source: Mafo (2018). Marz Dia Klimatu 2018. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Marsz_Dla_Klimatu_2018.jpg. CC BY-SA 4.0]
Determine which of the following terms could describe the people taking part in the demonstration shown in this image.

  As a young 12-year-old girl, Seve 3khd8:8o 1 r9z6 igftokrlno6n5q4jzrn Suzuki spoke at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. She spoke about the damage she saw around her home in Canada and heard about from around the world. She asked worlr5oq8fk nldo8h ir6 g 6t19:zn4jozk3d leaders to change their policies. She said, ‘If you don’t know how to fix it, please, stop breaking it.’
Describe how Severn Suzuki may have shaped the outcomes of the Earth Summit in Rio.

I. Government leaders were made aware of the impact of environmental degradation on the next generation and, therefore, the impact of the legislation they were writing.
II. Legislation was written to tackle the hole in the ozone.
III. People around the world realised that raising their voices could influence the decisions made at the Rio Earth Summit.

  Figure: Wangari Maathh4 n28y:tfq fqte0n /jai






[Source: File
Maathai Receives the Nobel Peace Prize.png. Wikemedia Commons. Retrieved July 17 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.png. CC SA 4.0]
Wangari Maathai received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her efforts in sustainable development. Since 1977 the Green Belt Movement that she started encouraged women to plant trees in order to combat desertification which was affecting the livelihood of the subsistence farmers in Kenya and other African countries.
Identify which of the environmental value systems listed below best matches the description of Wangari Maathai.

  Consider the following list of influential events that shaped our modernblwl2fn3tff7,,et+s wen / 0 e view of environmentalis0,t2n7s wfwll enetfe3 b, f/+m:

I. Al Gore's book ““An Inconvenient Truth''
II. Rachel Carson's book ““Silent Spring''
III. The Fukishima Nuclear Disaster
IV. The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
Deduce which of the following is the correct order of these according to when they occurred earliest to latest.

  Identify the diagram that is not aiykc8f ,o pmjd4t zg5:or, 9v. correctly drawn systems

  Identify the exchanges that a closed system makes with the environmenttd l;9)u3 a m,uiaze6a.
I. Energy
II. Matter

  Figure: Systems model for developing sj 7rz4q04hbl an environmental value system



Using the Figure, deduce which stage of a system would best match participating in a climate demonstration in your city.

  A model is a simplified version of reality used to help people under)u3ejti ;20xf ez0omgstand complex working0;fijz 0 3 )mt2exoeugs.
Identify which items on the following list could best be described as models.

I. The human body
II. An office building
III. The atom
IV. The solar system

  Figure: Two mesocosms for investigating an aquatic foo4u v3 yim(jji5tf t5qv,d;/.;hbtc lnd chain




Identify the correct description for the mesocosms shown in the Figure.What is Mesocosm 1?What is Mesocosm 2?

  Identify the statement about a systems diagram that iaf.t gl ,9)ad+(m4u3dr frjn; /shxsr s true.

  Figure: A simplified model of the carbon cyclef lz5u);m./rj o9seytku 7u)v




In the model of the carbon cycle shown in the Figure, identify the flows or processes which increase the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

  Figure: A systems model for developing an environmental valuys2.ikhf:c9l; rce8vzf+ 2 veg hgy(0e system





Identify which of the following best represents stage II in the development of an environmental value system as represented in the system diagram in the Figure.

  Identify which of the following i sy8r.5fr-, vxw nhcm04g -ynds not true of a systems diagram?

  Figure: Movement of carbon through7xaphtr 8a rsh0og 5f,:n)k4;sv ccult7d4m) the carbon cycle





[Source: Saff, K. (2008, May 30). Filecycle-cute diagram.jpeg. Wikipedia Commons. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.svg. Copyright free]Distinguish between transfers and transformations of carbon on the diagram of the carbon cycle.what is l. ll?

  Figure: Systems diagram oyc6 : xf33tk7 kuqps +sskc1u(f a tree

Deduce the processes represented by the flows of matter in the Figure.

I.RespirationII. Photosynthesis
III. Evapotranspiration
IV. Absorption

  Figure: Effect of sea level rise on the carbon sequestration of a nxube7 /gv08csalt marsh





[Source: Adapted from Tanner, Katherine, and Aaron L. Strong. (March, 2023) Assessing the Impact of Future Sea Level Rise on Blue Carbon Ecosystem Services on Long Island, New York. Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4733. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from doi.org/10.3390/su15064733. CC0 4.0]
The model in the Figure shows how sea level changes in a salt marsh area could affect the sequestration (capture) of carbon in the coming years. Data collected over the years have been used to make a prediction on the rise of sea levels in the near future and how it can decrease the capture of carbon.
Outline the disadvantages of using models like the one shown to make predictions.

I. Models do not accommodate all the factors involved.
II. Models use data that may not be the most accurate.
III. Models are oversimplified for understanding and therefore misleading.

  Figure: Systems diagram of a tree . what it Input ，Output u+h9n5 a3fe*teb):vpmt vxw: ，Both input and o95xe a wnb vf tp:em+h3)*uv:tutput？



Identify the inputs and outputs of matter and energy for a tree.
I. Water
II. Sunlight
III. Heat
IV. $CO_2$
​V. O2


​

​

  Identify which of the following is an example of transformad*k f uccf/0e,tion.

  what is Positive feedbk/l7 wk/ y.x2ad :zmajack loops...;Negative feedback loops...?

  State which of the following is likely to leae/ oix)jy/af*qlcavo6. ( s/ cd an ecosystem to a tipping point.

  Figure: Population densities of a preduifj( evww8( .n f3l:wator and its prey




[Source: Adapted from Hczam (March 2020) File: predator prey.jpg - wikimedia commons A generalized graph of a predator-prey population density cycle. Retrieved June 18,2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Predator_prey_curve.png Copyright under CC0 4.0]
The Figure shows the population density cycles of a predator and prey. Describe the relationship between the two animals.

  ldentify which of the following options aboqp u308 nbm*pnut feedback is not correctly paired with the example? nb pq38pn*u0m

what is Feedback cycles; Example?

  Identify the stage in succession that is most likely to show resilielt z-o3ge l e4g02fs:ynce and the abili:3 -tf2es0ygez l4g olty to withstand changes.

  Determine which of the following seq*g+3h ;s m3pqhret 6kbuences is an example of a negative feedback mecspte633hbrm+ ;g k q*hhanism.

  State which of the following is not accomplished by an Environmental Imojidsrt9 i ; /4whwd7 a:u0g1spact Assessmr;j/tiw:ud g71sdw4 oih9a s0ent (EIA).

  In a small wooded area, trees are cut in rotation in different se8njqw5a e nh.:ctions of the area depending on the type of wood and their growth rate. If the biomass of the woods is 20,000 kg at the start of one year and the following year it is 8 h5a :we.qnnj24,000 kg, calculate the sustainable yield.

  Identify the aspect that does noilujud0ha spug371 6 5t define sustainability.

  Which of the following would not fall under the classificat gzfhuizms4,4;g;5yoef(jxt 8 +f /ug n 8gkz3ion of ecological gooogz, y ifkuzetumg; s;g3z f(8+8ng4 jhx54/fds that can produce natural capital?

  Figure: Our planet




[Earth illustration, sustainability, energy, Globe, Renewable, Earth, world, humanity, together, population. (n.d.) Pxfuel. Retrieved July 14, 2023, from https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-ehpza. Copyright free.]Explain the concept of sustainable development.

I. Any development in a country or society that will bring about the reduction of natural capital is not sustainable.
II. Sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations.
III. Any development that increases the ecological footprint (EF) of a population is not considered sustainable.

  Figure: Environmental capacity vk +mi+1 ipz;fazfr+7 ls. resource consumption




Identify which following terms best describes the difference indicated by the yellow arrow:

  An EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) is usually ifom ,h ,wk osd.2,kg0carried out before a major construction project is undertaken. Outline the basic structure of an EI mows,,iofkkg d2,h.0A.

I. Baseline studies to help monitor changes in the future.
II. Assessment of the social, economic and environmental impacts of the project in the long term.
III. Directions to observe indirect impacts of the project.

  Figure: Average per cei 3gyu63fe-v6yg e/o-cc3 v;erxam9 apita $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014

what is Luxembourg (tonnes) ; Brazil (tonnes)?


[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]
The estimated population of Luxembourg is 640,000, while Brazil is estimated at 214 million. Using these estimates and the Figure above, calculate the total $CO_2$ emissions in tonnes for both countries.

  Identify the option in which the factiz5 y/c4g2gawqjv ;o 8or is not correctly paired with how it affects sustainabilcyz 2a qovg/;5ji g48wity.
what is Factor ;How it affects sustainability?

  Identify the factor that is not sab,xuww45 lkse7*g4 a way to increase sustainability.

  Figure: Average per capit1yz/qo*yeuq j9f d6v9 a $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014



[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]Suggest which of the following statements are supported by the information in the graph.
I. China and the U.S. had low $CO_2$ emissions between 2010 and 2014.
II. Brazil and Luxembourg had high $CO_2$emissions between 2010 and 2014.
III. France and Spain had the same amount of $CO_2$ emissions due to deforestation for food production during that time.

  Identify which of th:h xkjyvpo+(m/qe1bw4lsx m5p4 c + lpspt 415e following is not considered a pollutant.

  Figure: Death rates from outdoor j4yp iisgktbyk j534av c)et )f:y ;8yc,3fm 4pollution vs. GDP per capita 2019


[Source: Outdoor Air Pollution (2019) OurWorldindata.org. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution. CC BY 4.0]
Using the Figure, identify which country had the largest GDP per capita (income per person) in 2019.

  Identify the method that 7a+lj;inq.tp7o b6 bwis not a direct method of measuring pollution.

  In 1984 the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, released vast amounts of meth e4afg8hj*uu /yl isocyanate gas into the air. Thousands of people died inhu a*u4 /8egjf the first few days after the disaster.
State the type of pollution that occurred.
what is Source ;Effect of pollution?

  State which row does not correctly match the term and the ex++yla j9;bv,feha1 d4 rhfjq8ample.
what is Term ;Example?

  List the statements that are true aboutp /2wuc.wzdo+vh.r- jve7)te Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT):
I. DDT has saved millions of lives in the battle against malaria.
II. DDT is biomagnified along a food chain but does not bioaccumulate.
III. DDT is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has been used effectively as an insecticideI.

  Figure: Average per fxs ls xl0s 0hp9 7gbf)b)-5gbcapita $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014
what is Luxembourg (tonnes) ;Brazil (tonnes)?







[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]
The estimated population of Luxembourg is 640,000, while Brazil is estimated at 214 million. Using these estimates and the Figure above, calculate the total
CO2 emissions in tonnes for both countries.

  Figure: Levels of zinc in seawater at Palmira )7 hvsbvp n(o;Beach







[Source: adapted from Tovar-Sanchez, A., et al. (2013) Sunscreen products as emerging pollutants in coastal waters.
PLoS ONE,8(6). Retrieved June 1, 2023 from https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065451. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
Some sunscreens contain chemicals such as zinc (Zn) that may be toxic to some marine life. The figure shows the concentration of zinc found in the seawater at Palmira Beach on Majorca Island over the course of a day.
Suggest the most likely conclusion that could be made from this graph.

  Figure: Death rates from outdoor pollution vs. GDP per kb 9v c+ ax5)rnsyn;( y4bona,capita 2019




[Source: Outdoor Air Pollution (2019) OurWorldindata.org. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution. CC BY 4.0]
The population of Egypt was approximately 100 million in 2019. Calculate approximately how many people in Egypt died from outdoor air pollution in that year.

  Figure: Average per capita .o4cp,7 gwapcn:d8zvo+ g( xd3s ss l;$CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014






[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]Suggest which of the following statements are supported by the information in the graph.
I. China and the U.S. had low $CO_2$ emissions between 2010 and 2014.
II. Brazil and Luxembourg had high $CO_2$emissions between 2010 and 2014.III. France and Spain had the same amount of $CO_2$ emissions due to deforestation for food production during that time.