Hydrocarbons are comms t e.awwg/,l+only used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is correct for crude zlu+x5yl;/ v.lr1g cp ;i)pm koil?

1.Write balanced chemical equationsw eea;)fg65lcjp m0 e/ for the reactions below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific ;- 7ab76tyhu ulbe cm3xg/ a-renergy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrom3;ebgu/ b7- x lc t6uhy7ara-gen gas, ethanol, and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following are k 69isvvvqetsj3 r,8 i* 3vw0upnn k26correct for the prod9,3 vsnv6eikv r3wsnk puqtj*26vi 08ucts and enthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficientp(m(cx g1q1fs s in the balanced equation for the combustion of s(1gqp1 fc(x smilver metal to form solid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) j9:;6h o b7 bpuzig9gbat the cathode and the directgg9ijb h6u9: o7bz;bp ion of electron flow in an electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic conditions us uhx+bb,.z6jcjdb vw+ qkk 8b 9a59p,zing methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the balanced reactions occurring at 8j,6dkzcx buq.9 +k h, +vaz j9wpbb5bthe anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the b-/8 ioxezwpg -alanced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell under ac/ ixpg- 8w-oezidic conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most likely to undergo incomplete combus/ tmw/vgg 8eb;i: fv2stion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewablgq:kev+y/se1wnh4 6ae, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount ofs wk/a4 h+ 1ygevnq:6e fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.