A voltmeter reading is recorded as 100.0 V +/- 2%. Wh 1 nqwrc; vk:6jkb.i *t-mpy5xich of the following could be the actual xpky1ktn .-:br miq5 *6w;vcjvalue?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the volume of a gap ozrtg2qc +48s as 0.04056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be included in a ska8un bk)2uq.uh*gp l4etched graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, state the approp-o:tz b d2ot4triate units for the y-intercept.

  Which statement best describes the relations8 +)akb(cfx3jz; ys jvhip between x and y on the graph below?3j+a x v8syk ()fbcj;z

For a first order reaction, the relationship between rate and the cw,dw l+ u7kzh1:lv3;bahxb04gu umr 4oncentration of a reactant, [A], ul,l +4wkz bru d 1vbu;0g:4ahxw7hm3can be shown using the following equation: rate =k[A].
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives the correct units for theck3ck svvm c3rn8 02h4 gradient of this line?

  A student is measuring the temperature change of an )fzto 3co s0p2s p(.qgendothermic reaction.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship between pressure and temperature ob-:zi 3 g0poyrf a known volume and amount of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s law wh3zorb0 py:- giich states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.P∝T
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for the gcgw*43ttwfzpd 9)j4e fr )lssq6-u1 zradient of the graph below with the correct units?

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describesd:i0( ;-fhsko q ogx3.slvqc( the relationship between the rate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order reaction, the concentration [A] of a given reactan3 pukcmxba9s6gaapbq7e -ly. 1h(;d 5t can be determined at time t, according to the equation below,76 kq;m1sxedahpb(lcugapya 59b. 3- where [A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutralization for the revjz4c of*7iwo6 bc :rx2v)xf +action between sulfuric acid and potassium h 6*irv7z4) fx+:c2wxcobojf vydroxide can be determined experimentally.
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of variable and correcfuhj1y a*j2z8 .i r0;+y tcksbt axis for ΔH in a graph to show how ΔH is affected bb.j1c jaft02iu + r*ky8ysz; hy the length of the carbon chain.

  The initial mass of a mortar 8vt)u dtg7a *znpoh-4containing a solid was recorded to be 109.34 g. The mortar was heated, and the 8t onphv-)d*a 4g7 ztufinal mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. What value should be recorded for the mass lost in grams?

  The half-life of a sk, ku d3o3tdg7econd order reaction can be expressed according to the equat3dokgd ,tk37 uion below.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has a mass of 13.02 g and ar .un lbk(18,7nhs vie volume of 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between sulphuric acid ao.eya. rfyw+u v l6r;6nd copo yu+.f .ver6r6a;w ylper (II) oxide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship between energy, E, and wavelength, λ, is shown according e2vpbcdn 4 4c:-., goe xr /)jjszp,zuto the equa )xgo4ucp,p4-2 v j/ze jsbrnec.:zd,tion below.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a reaction proceeding spontah 1q2 b*k1g45tzgtourneously can be predicted using the 1 tk t4b2gzurg1*q 5hofollowing equation:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cell under non-standard conditions can be cal 7m g4c nc6cz 5lap3 2uy/e3qo4.hophoculated using the Nernst equatiouq 3o3m hl4ac oc.gpy z cpe2567/nh4on:
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship between the concentration of a reactant, A, ru+6m1:phf qmand the time, for a second-order reaction can be expressed using the equation below +m6qhm:1ufrp :
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the correct *s5gs. bgsrgj01) juw average titre with its uncertainty?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was being measured using a /9+h ; 9/s zen v.g;vjqipmfa),tosqe50 cm wooden ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for the beginning of the thread was 12.6 cm while the reading for the end of the thread was 45aq ;/e,qtv .v sjo /n)p9zghei9f+m; s.3 cm. Which of the following is the largest possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows pressure to be cay(3t fszbdw m2tsd m fc47z7+9lculated according to the equation,tcdz3zftfbw 9(m2+s y7ms7 4d
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded the mass of r , *der:nb8lf,.0svca mq9,bxxrpr. solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of the following is correct about eqf,*rrlb9ms8b x, x, 0vp.r: nrda. cthe number of significant figures recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuring the density of a solution p42a6 ivcu0ad. He recorded the data in the follo2pad i40vcua6 wing table.

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %