What property of water helps living organisms maintain th9r -j.lpmwo.qeir internal body temperatur l9. wjqrmo.-pe?

  Which of the following is not solp7v/,tkb5 n bquble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with wathk74hmzk uqsj u gu-a *;/uo.+er molecules*h/ ao uk.4zu7;ju+ -kmqhugs?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of ;lv, g0q 6kdxhwater on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water o5xj knbnk 04)yn Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsibleq 5in))v-y -ydb+xze k for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal )n)zy-kxy d+b5qi-ve properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds fo0pc /jx 6p8jrkh,xy3 hrm between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine anim /:;jpzl fx9v52n.;h pvlu hebals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without5u:l9z2p v fle/xvj;h; .nh bp expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wakm 2sn)..5b siadt3agter allow xylem vessels to transport water insidetsi kb35dganm .a.2 s) plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered de5cov2si:a4 a 0 yl (uhj3hi,to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturnc2lj30hsd 4, hoyv:ea(iu5ia is not?

  Which of the following sho g z325)anwztatements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are truh5nwazg z )23oe?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not 92g p, z1w(eay +vqby-j2lvhla reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign o pa2e+1l 9b,lvvq- yg(why jz2f extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a pro ,cvdvo5t*5n bperty of water is matched to its correct definition?v5tv 5, *odcbn

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustrc jg5gap2s-cek9( (vr is) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depictee csp2v a(rc(-9gjg5kd in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.). 7;gzn,i ,xes3s8mg) lsdkee8


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.xyjxdvnl; 5 )f 1maij6/rsr) 1


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of ho ,5ld- crr0g4v6v ceopusehold detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surfacv 6-g lrc4 dpre05voc,e.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is ncm7b15e h oso9ot a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicos:5 se*1 4nuj/skzfyvt stem, showing the annual ringf4sj1szk ve syn5/u:*s of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bi259lrl badl 2grd that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make w5 b2l2rl9adlginter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) abougo.o3 5mrhh14 dbc9fet the role of water as a solvent is corr b. f9d135crge hhmo4oect?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a cwpckc4;9 c b;stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem ve;ccpk c9bw4;c ssels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, wh 2.f1nie n 4zm;l(a 8zum2yadlere five planets orbit ai;em8mn y 24.2nzz(l u1dlafa central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facil+m9-r7 s/yjr b)*ldxykbx. fiitated the evolution of lif*j.b)i 79f/xrds+r -xymb ylke on Earth?