What property of water helps living organisms ma+m1 1z tb.a 9ixjm nb73ofzw-fintain their internal body tempera3bfi1+j mzt-b 9nax.7 mf zw1oture?

  Which of the following 7dajkv9*uft7t6kz).sdft 3his not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intpc c ;:sm/r 1j:r0ctkuermolecular bonds with water moleculessur k/c r 1:tcc0:;pjm?

  Which of the following is a reason fv/m/mmsl(3ck laliu-ye+6s6 or the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water onuy:ai aafs6bg0:7 :ex Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adh)dn;0 yyyqu )jesive and thermal propert 0qu; )dy)yjnyies?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds fo 2g.my2fs/h3wpvkacidvy : 2::j a0ka rm between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables mavkwzd gjn1e61)w8 04h zp/ yekrine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending enkzyd1 4p/16h)8z g0k wwjve large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wateri 1y27: knzluj allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plann yuz:l 27k1ijts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the*qoiil8cuze; q:-m)rgx * dw95nxb* b Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zogmrnixbdui*oq8 bz) 9; wcx-*le q:*5ne’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water m-ao5c kewp t zuh-.:p2olecule are e -ukta p-ph z.o:5wc2true?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is no hta ,2ldizh)as7r*u;t a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial lr ah7a);*t2 isu,lzhd ife?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its cofrrv;og :* ; twt2vq7prrect definition?;wvv gr p;7t2f q*t:ro

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surf g33 xjkipz+6z* rlcbw ya,1q8hjb-6i 72nhsuace of a pond. What property of water*q-x+bg aiuzh7nrp ,kh63ibyc l 168j 23jsz w is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider coot4,rhvy,); xkqh +(Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arcticqlkdkc d+v,ddbc4/ wpe * .:8m Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out intoqp:li4 rqy(/x the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents y:q4qi (/lprx on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a x a7 .m3+uodn2odj.gmreal-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody lz*09uh o)oe3 zz4lwvdicot stem, showing the0o 4l9zz3w z h*ove)lu annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives na4.p9mk67:hdv0fcsf+g juqvk9 t6 du ear large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is j46 fpmcud9f:6.vqu0 tdks9g7ha+ v k a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of wa+yphxjy fdtxtq(;: 8( t -gcj4ter as a solvent is correct? f(8(j+tg:yqpxdjt - 4 xhcy ;t

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below sw7fkymvx yr,/7 tk;+ hhows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearlykk+tryf x; 7/, h7yvwm visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to (t6 q xkxqk0 z:x(qj;sours, where five planets orbit a cenq: (0j xq(xkzqk;sx t6tral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitatedm 74l9 +d wmzx7jnfqs6 the evolution of lz l+q7 s6jn79md4 mxwfife on Earth?