What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal jks2zy )9mka7body temperature?9k zya k2jm)7s

  Which of the followin*bf tsj /sf2k8g is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermo ro l fitycdno yp(ql/:x+31w)v91g5wlecular bonds with water moleculevyft/9ri (l1o13)g cd w:pqw5x ylon+s?

  Which of the following is a reason fo 5w :garmwr0+/hg8zp 5 yp,ioxr the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accept3h( ji4 r2d fc yuh.mcvi6d2-bed theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive a+dwaa+ 4m;64 i :hlnl5cpb x;sba9f. abr2jllnd thermal properties+a as :a46hi jdml;9ba xbb5rcl;lnw +.4f2lp?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds 2iu-nskmhg,; form between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water encx5nxnh fh xv);1*:ol vf//mzables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay alx c/hv*vx fhn1)fm/:xn5;oz float in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesife zx.2co )m+tve properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water ins o tf.z+mx)c2eide plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earh;8z z/0o*0sa uxa3id ayet6)p khf9t th is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zon08 kd ;9htifzxsp/y 60*u) a3ztaahe oe’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water molmou2) rro8hg2t*;8+u*a v eoy 3kqk hyecule are true?ou3)2 q+amy r2;k8kt*yrouhhe g*v8 o
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists lce*qz+kx :z59 x3 ,phmoi -fnlook for the presence of water on planets as a sign of exlh-x:f 3izm z o*,p5e9kx nqc+traterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of wateri4: q3vyp:j7eeij8 a w is matched to its correct definition?e37 pei8iwq ::vjajy 4

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What prb3q49t(da6+ xh lapr foperty of whral +b9(d3q 6ptxa4 fater is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp6 xb ui9g(gaj8(avsz g rp6-u0.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa nm e q;z9hlux :6;h2sjhispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household dd if fj6h) d/mm ;( t36tx:rlro:yo0sretergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the fof6/ 3 (osm6):xirt;l:t dhmdryr0 j effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is noneb ws+t81r4q7vq 4 yht a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a gk:xf k ggkv: 27fe)/ywoody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem andgek7)f yg: fv/k:gxk2 xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arcttfa v+ui o58ry*+x3zjica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of thy* 8i+ a3tj +vxfuozr5e following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is c+o fs+7l5uwm8muteo8 orre eoowu5+l788+m ust mfct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a s7 *tyz)xiz9gqw,g,*7fsz 57 rmgrigutem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels arg,,msgzz)u 7 * zwiy9f5igtr7*xqg7 re clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where fin-fc(z48vn r ive planets orbit a centra4(n ciznvr8-fl star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated thedmo t2mt3 y1( k7pa1mx evolution ok2m113m atdtyompx7 (f life on Earth?