Which statement about eukaryotic cells is con; s29httd aht42) 0bjbe +cfurrect?

  Which are common features of bacterial cel +l tazyrdlngivg2-lj,8:;p;3e h*b hls?
I.
Have a single chromosome
II.
Have plasmids
III.
DNA associated with proteins

  What type of cell is showngvc, i,;pt1key oy+30 ojz:r 3whr s)n in the image?

  Which statement(s) about the endosymbiotic theory q wdpyy nb*;,y sh.0j*mn8a5i lr4e(a is true?
I.
It provides evidence for the origin of prokaryotes.
II.
It provides evidence for the origin of eukaryotes.
III.
It provides evidence for spontaneous generation.

  What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same populat)a0i, 0f g1wc70 ct65fk.hrqky yddqdion of ce kgyy7w i cr kq0)t ddf1afc0d5.h60,qlls?

  These photographs show the same sectis k3z5m88a aroon of a human retina. What is the reason for the diffem 8zras ok58a3rence between the two diagrams?

  Paramecium produces enzymes that catalyse different chemical reactionz4/z2;9xuxbm x xpz2 us taking place in the cytoplasm. What function of life is demonstra 9;x4zm2uxbzp 2z/ux xted in this situation?

  What do the two labelled organelles havk.j(1. o30tdmnx ebyoe in common?

  Which organelle has a double membraneby5 u7 b*,f;true5 gor?

  Which row in the table correctly identmbky d68d-/q . mf*ekyifies structures which are present (✓) or absent (×) in prokaryotic and eukaryotic 8e* /m6mb fddq-k.yk ycells?

  Which structure found in a eukaryote has a double me t43 dkm7w; qyuh,+uhhmbrane?

  
Chlorella contains the molecule chlorophyll which makes it to appear green. What life function is exhibited in this example?

  Which of the following statzzj33 w1 rlql4ements are true about the structure of cells?
I. All cells contain cytoplasm enclosed by the plasma membrane.
II. The microscope was important in understanding the structure of the cell.
III. Prokaryotes do not have genetic material.

  Which of the following is not a fu7-g-qwb7w dxg t t:amf 1r,k:mnction of the Golgi apparatus?

  Which statement(s) about cell structure is/g;xxt. j5x6 swk ; hn:vkan2iz qd9*9xare not true?

I.
Prokaryotic cells have a compartmentalised structure.

II.
Only eukaryotic cells have a Golgi apparatus.

III.
Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

  The image below is a micrograph of blood. a. ma:whlt,u1


1.Identify the part of the cells labelled A and B.
arrow    points to the plasma membrane
arrow    points to the nucleus
2.Outline why blood is classified as a tissue.

3.State where the stem cells needed to produce red blood cells are located.it is      .

4.Progenitor cells are produced by dividing stem cells. These cells will eventually differentiate even further. Blood cells have a common progenitor cell. Describe the process that happens to these progenitor cells.

  The micrograph below shows E. coli cells. rf)g1tt9b + rvx++mqhlw)1y i


1.Identify the structure labelled I in the micrograph.

2.If the magnification of the image is x36,000 and the length of cell II in the image is 54 mm, calculate the actual length of cell II in micrometres (µm).The number=  µm.

3.State one feature, other than the structure labelled I, that can be used to identify the cells in this micrograph as prokaryotic cells.

  Which structure is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell4orxq.z;a a.-m iy(shhf . 5xss?

  Mesophyll cells are found in plants. Plant cells ha6t9g,ug3n:f aoynki )ve unique characteristics that distinguish them from )ag,u9to6g ny : fink3any other cell type.

In the micrograph above, one of the cell parts is labelled X. What is the name of this structure?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a zh- ys5w+a ,kyleaf.



1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

2.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
it is   .

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which row correctly describes the DNA and chromosomes of bacterialuw9jj 2uovbto/ ;7 )jc cells?

  Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes tv (zs9;udwjou r+lqqxt4m(/ *du22 ughat can perform photosynthesis. Which structural feature is common to both ct l9u zuqu+4s;2(/ rq2ugwdom jxd(*vyanobacteria and plant cells?

  Which statement provides evidence for the endosymb)(zvzjrb dbo-8hq*t f:oc* f38z7h jbiotic theory?

  Which part of the cell is labelled with the ::8fr 5re*evnj.z zyoletter P?

  What feature of chlorop geql +40mxcakhb5gt4;jo uhj ;508ojlasts provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

  The micrograph shows an image of a plant cell taken with alc,s38qj u 9u)enmpv59ibx*9gx9is z light microscope.

1.Calculate the magnification of the image, showing your work.
Magnification=   x

2.Label, with the letter N, a nucleus in the image.

3.The image was taken using a light microscope. State how you deduce this from the image.

4.Draw and label a diagram to show how the same type of plant cell shown in the micrograph would appear when examined with an electron microscope.

5.State two differences that would be seen when looking at an electron micrograph of a bacterium cell compared to this plant cell.

6.At first, the student who took this image could not see the cell when focusing the microscope. Suggest what may have caused this problem.

  The electron micrograph below shows a cell of the bacterium Vibrio 1+bo m(lnlv+ /la pa-echolerae. Whic+l v+(ap b1-olaen l/mh of the labelled structures maintains the cell’s shape and protects the cell from lysing during osmosis?

  Which process is most likely responsible for the origin of mz+p * 5siv2bcqmfoff(u/+i a,itochondria as a eukaryotic cell u zsmf+2pio5(,/ fa* qfbc+v iorganelle?

  Which organelle is the siy8*2mf+v.sfdb5s xw9 uks wbnp+g,q+ te of protein synthesis?

The diagram below shows a cyanobacpt)j *a n a:)og5gv3j-t jx(zp tskb44terium, Synechococcus elongatus.

1.1.State whether the cell shown in the microphotograph is eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Give a reason for your answer.

1.2.State two features found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structures.

1.3.Identify the type of microscope which was used to produce the microphotograph above. Give a reason for your answer.

1.4.Describe the function of X.

2.Compare and contrast the structure of the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

  1.1.Identify an organelle visible in the figure below whose stpgg f8 7r-06pnlmff9osg7e* s ructure provides evidence-9*0s78g sn lg ff p6rmgeof7p for the endosymbiotic theory.
organelle is   



1.2.Label with the letter S an example of the organelle that you named in part (i).

1.3.Describe three features of the organelle named in part (i) that support the endosymbiotic theory.

2.Compare and contrast the structure of a mitochondrion and typical prokaryote.

  Which statements about unicellular and (d-(s amyr0qz multicellular organisms are correct?

Below is a diagram of a motor n0mavj/5+ nds lmi9j8 veuron. Neurons are the longest cells in the human body. al+89m smvndj5 0v/ij



1.Explain the factors that limit cell size in humans.

2.Explain how life functions are performed by Paramecium.

  The following electron micrograph shows part of an exocrine pancreas cellbrwvvj.da81wavjhep); e/o n9, 1cl - . Which of the labelled structures is responsible for thev;ep)a.b d1levjr-v/8 1 na,hw9 jocw production of vesicles for exocytosis?

All organisms contain genetic material. The type, quantity and f m7swrrib9r42q (41yn,j h culocation of genetic material mqr7 (2rjhwfubs y1,49 i n4rcdiffer between kingdoms and species.

1.State if the cell shown in the image is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. Give a reason for your answer.



2.Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

3.Outline Cairns' technique for measuring the length of prokaryotic DNA.

  Which statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria support ea ef )v9s pua(.hjz6) d dj+*bopy5t*. sn3flthe endosymbiotic th3s*d5 +fd e*) .lb9tep(pa auzjhfs yno6).vj eory?

1.Outline the steps in ca jx;850qd0eeiu3u yl qlculating the magnification of a micrograph.

2.Describe the steps taken to focus on a specimen using the 40x objective lens of a light microscope.

  The diagram below shows -9yliwuj;: 3k8kpdhj a cell.


1.1.Deduce with a reason, what type of cell this is.

1.2.Calculate the magnification of the cell.The magnification of the cell=   x.

1.3.Outline two functions of life carried out by the cell in the diagram.

2.1.State the type of microscope used to produce the image.

2.2.Explain your choice of microscope for part (i).

  Palisade mesophyll cells produf h0x/:1iv acgce and release large amounts of carbohydrates. Which characteristics would h/ cg0:avx if1you expect to observe in such cells?

The diagram below shows a cn z s47pf0p)crt 7lh0yell.

1.1.Compare and contrast the structure of a mictochondrion with the structure of the cell shown in the diagram.

1.2.Explain why the cell in the diagram is structurally similar to a mitochondrion.

  Which statement applies to both mitochondria and prokaryotefk*7y2 yvh, 5ilnz8.2ivdjb bs?

  What is the correct mi )dv) kp5(e*n2 d7hvfpq y(rxagnification of this image?

  Which characteristic is not true for bvkn- qds 2h +()0m-ycqihxe)toth mitochondria and chloroplasts?

  The electron micrograph showsukdv6)((b+ md ok7 quz a prokaryotic cell, Cyclotella litoralis. What is the actv(zd6uu7ko k( b+ d)mqual diameter of the cell in this image?

  The electron micrograph shoa o04 ef6y/x9ib olsb,ff w1 -8dcagd1ws an animal cell.

  The electron micrograph shows a sarcomere, the smallest functional un cworhg.jqo5)y9,b (wit of striated muscle tissue. What is the actual lengtbywj)w(o h q59r.c ,ogh between the two Z lines?

  Which organelle is formed by. azk2wqwf:4cex+w1 q a vesicle derived from the cell membrane?

  Which organism contains DNA in exactly two diffl)v nmt/.) 4oyw76e v6odin iierent organelles?

1.Outline one way unicellu(y -qy(8a5*ivr znrux lar organisms can carry out each of nutrition, movement and excretion. -n5yqra uv zx ((r*iy8

2.Draw a single mitochondrion, and annotate it to outline the role of four labelled structures.

3.Compare and contrast the structure of E. coli and a palisade mesophyll cell.

  What feature distinguishes fungal hypha) uzie usv(7e2e and striated muscle from the two cell types shown in the uvs 7e2eu(i)z images?