The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamue(/tb)q 7 rq8s kd*ftete. What could be the polyploid number of 8rq (u*s/)d7e tbtfk qchromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin ffur1 (7nqy c/of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referru(/ 7cnfyf1r qed to as?

  Which of the following is the s x9r6sq0tl;g2bsaa +mtrongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that twt 9 asm6sax;q gb02r+lo populations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by fla 0 v-3t3z zqhk)flcysw cer bk9b3)n*6shing its ligl)*3n9s w z qk yfvkc0h 3b3-6b)tzrechts in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organke4c 36o ikd0 t lw/mnt7rko 2tng..7jisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and dszw,gu7 / oi:kifferences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatrz7,kguos i/: wic speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between*.8(rye5lxf a/v lcp btn3-pi species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference bei;h bpwm95c twm pk(1dsir9se-/ux) o3ol2/mtween homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in(b c nx)8ao*is speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definition)(ocnsai*8x b ?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of4t/zi x3it/e i7 w+cqz similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the procm;o29eo/p 0umne1 on uess of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crp6rxg 8 x unti9*:(aumop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which al ip 8(n 69xa:mtugr*uxso has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that th1wow,v/x:om*1ice7ip 7eet de congo river divided a population of the common ancestor of*iet1,v o/ 7xpm17:ei wde ocw bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selective breediju /ae 7ke 1uw1zfsn8q)s)i,,mo 9bj yng? n) ea 1mk7,8e,u9 j/)jfwsozybi u1qs
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while the orn37.iaqg q56z+rqh g fder of amino acids found in the same cell types betweqngq3qh 5 ar6zfg +.7ien two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a dn/+3d6ov gok-bpeg q: onkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which arggeb:vq do k/6p-3o+n e correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollut-c65n;hscp. +qo i kqhion on theo.h+pcis cq qh ;6k5n- mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radu d.7inuu+ wpk6x8c,fiation?

  Which statement best illustrate) rpd4 8ij86tzuog3 hrs the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise aq9g1*iog z)1 h 9op ul eq3zony(snc.8nd form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chrom18p o u y.ons3)z 9hcnlggz91(qqi* oeosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrastp jz:te e)bmxn 73k+i+ natural selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in u rp(f)g,u+ l(4dgtstreproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciationwcgisy5s ,66am4em34 h y8f-9dl hvg a event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler (genu x35hvrbgn+to 35*qct s Setophaga). What is the bh5ntb+gt3r 3v 5 coxq*est explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation resuc . )jyt6mtk8e(s;jxults in a single ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which clou ;tce)(.tk6j s 8mxjysely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.