Which of the following doe g(lk m8h:omj6s not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water anl/qz 5axw:fw1 ;tp2 rrd transports water-soluble substances to differentfqwx/rpr;z 2:a 1l5w t parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of z7c hys0v gpm2l1oyrna / b /j.2nx:c9phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phlo;*)k rn tv:b1 b:fxplpem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blo4 6zaxpc9zrx:u ;, ohuod in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured belowtpwyo)z e,67 x, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study zy ) 6pew,otx7of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structur odv06 t f/knowx(dzix ;ab:4-e and function of different blo:t4a f6 xzd-(i 0 bkovd/oxwn;od vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse sectj *42 zjyldg u6zq9a*kion through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is ing-o. 3c-fn djx) 3u,t9kwuq-,zb(jeb a 7orenvolved in controlling the frequency at which it beat,o,o -ba nz -jfu3-(eebqk3 9n. 7xjgtcdr)wus?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake ine 3ho ltxfz730 plants.fo3 xt0lz37e h

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following stag* a +n: y5-aycpha/-r mhyue-tement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the directioo q3m 3a lvvye o71mtmf1q(9f8n of blood flow into and out of the heart?la(y7veqo m1m8fo1f9tvm 3q3

  The diagram below shows the*wtfq6pai k60 hucc9: structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart s6e lfp 5dbf3 jjp9.+l;v1wtnis blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries o5acg9o+-rv1 5 yc tadoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesjw)auiyz( ;v- ive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants. (uy;vijwa )z-
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through dz*zmk1 9u+xa wuring phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occ7gp7 cae2 cv)+uk+gie elw ,1xlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube angg,) eke a7wc+xcuv+2pi71le d the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system o9r)5bmhpo n3.kw d2zif a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heartj; *fo8l5 ctel,gna5f.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograq b 2-0brrmubpmbvx d+(/x t)2ph of a cross-section of a stem of thtxub)22pmmr- bbbr+qvd x (/ 0e monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows thezv-zby-xzpd *4vo:l7 structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electronb -q.34 kd*wdg,, tcwuvm;hjl micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on othe.sicf e,t3 jp3n+. jtfr parts of a plant?nittsfe .j 3j3 pfc,+.

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and s5bvp m)o 5xly-o+)pe semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in exo5yvp b+m)p-ls 5o )the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passive r1zuju:,nz dgcu -*r;ly loaded into the sieve tube unaided, befor,uc d-:jrzu* g;nu z1re being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in hpa ,*oby +nj2a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificatiopb2+ y n*,jahon.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the prrn7saa, 8jz-.s/r+h5fmj0 z(v erb hp essure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosphenp7. jram(hj0r vf-hb+r,ss/ z5eaz8 ric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed bye(frjsf d.*a7 roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consccu f4(u9z)itq*yvd0 (e .qo pequences associated with plaque buildup in theyqf id.9ut0e(pq) ucocz(* v4 coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content0br+ ubehn.r6gbt.0y ?

  The graph shows the results of an experimentyo9l k2te 9vpa* ,g.5quj a9oh which used radioactively labelled carbon dio 9ok a9tv,9o peyl.* jhgaqu52xide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the ek4dl4qhc z-j m1uu/9root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best representkov:dl/ . if8bq,frh6 s the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots? .r6diff ol/bq k8,h:v

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atriqi/q0mq sh v5*nwvs+ bb0op/msmkqt--mf0 * ;um, left ventricle and the aorta. m *m *wnf-mpk0qmss5 bv-vqi/qbohtsq ; /00+

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identi9wd3z,p yy:iw fies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an ap/8lvb ,7g ces 6lbwm.i,loy f1hid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been u/yfl1w6c7b .v8l se l,mibo,gsed to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.