Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disease2 6g2c;e8 i 8q ej1ib7pwy(wcu*toi2quom p)o?

  Which component of bfc :bm5zyo*(ga*f e(v lood is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble 5eao((cvg *f z my*fb:substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a fp 20 7)3g0mp,3lsiqf wmy mqpneature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tab7kuq, t5cyn dge*otbnq0 a 02 h:wm+ofz1 7m8wle is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a +v dj8p /b+ qe0 ouetd,kcn2.4qor-sfvein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is aq- munir,)0v b d6y h4cse8j0s9r:vbt species of flowering plant which is often used as a mod jyu 9ht 0c,ms0b4 ri:e-dr6vn8qvbs) el for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not coqy+qrskx /(/ prrect for the structure and function of different blood v(kqsrp/y+ x q/essels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf.0r-vx6f. qk0 wo,dflr


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is inv/z ql ;,ia3khjolved in controlling the frequency at which it beatsjahl3 /;kziq,?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptakeu02sy hz j5jgb5isk6* in plan55b*zhisk j20j suyg 6ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statem7db h7byzo.*ct1 u, hbent(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows thab )ung5igdlw*e( 6 pp08y(eu e direction of blood flow into and out of the heart? ug8wlbn *ep)6((0p 5u eiydga

  The diagram below shows the :,u1,q nd ypsnstructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heaisp -bm+93uoyi 2fz8z rt is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the followio a*dzsqm-6 :gng carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of warwr1hat;wf 3vgo 0x68 m2w4 iater allow xylem vessels to transport water insi8;w6tw 42 vhr0mi3 fgwar xoa1de plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phlo iylc dpz1i/0 )ij9pd,em loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion onjcme7 6 bun8(211 7(uljjhhqjjucqs4 blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole wjjcesu(mhnqj7 c (j 6ujh4 qb2lu8171as drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of aee* 1vo ua+m1o7mh;ni40x 11faqndb v fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a ht m-hbe v* 7j6r 2)2(kvaiejtweart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is adlw- jo/iipw i2 :l*s,z6h-wg n electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of i,i jw h d--lo*pz2sgl6/ w:iwthe monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows tb dql5; ilqet n.v:44ut/6wi0 jh 3b nsa1nl4the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrk w. .xnvd:n5fograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapoe-,1h/s swljivd,9 lfbbzl 57ration of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?9,eb5wzs1dv h-ijl ,fl/b 7s l

  What is the position oo,e* ;(pmdk -uc0w snrg,cm )of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac e oc)ws(,mk,0gr opmdun;*- ccycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrosenr hlo7(g) ; l/(uxpqw being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being wplhlox((n/ )u;7gqr transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in y6y+m ncvr/tp.oy;+la developing shoot taken at 400× magnification./;6 y+lm+.t pyvoyrc n

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pres 230n jrek6ekksure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheri k e62nkk0je3rc pressure?

  How are most mineral ions6s71rl eqd) eq in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque build7:o5 ef/vl jodup in theld57:of v eoj/ coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followinyi/42+ kn g:zp)kjghl x8 b t+n,r8ppfg is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an9fzp2ath vc5*4 fhpmw.ly:i:0ine 4h experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (14f5ivfh y0pm wh4*pa2.i4::nl9zcht e $CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem al.n4d2s, x1 :h yoiquzgf3pd 1nd the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydross7.aog5p2 k ;cl n.wxunud d5i(zv3 l.tatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the le.3sa.;ngudk5c2u o5ld7pi n. x(vlzw aves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, lefyn:dpcq z;j/.u5(ty4rfo k *vt ventricle af.oyvtp q r y(ju4cd5z;:*kn/ nd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve t+ahe8de1hjj7i 7 3k dayd;co q42cm( vube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylebv 1y;4aswod08e ar)at inserted into a plant. Aphids have been u;ds84e o0 1 vay)waarbsed to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.