Which of the following does not cause coruwz -gyu(1*rj z+z;g xonary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly co gwk.fj0k3u1k mposed of water and transports water-soluble j3g1 0wk u.kfksubstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feam*m)zsyci6 z/ture of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transpot-/: edsh jwb.rt in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in;pvsubw,b ,4w 8wg r8z +d8qkxw-ga i/ a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flo1e f5:ae9;yq bs) q-ctfin1oewering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomy. -f;be5f1s eq i9nq aet)oyc1:


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for thz )6i85kwcz txo/x-f oe structure and function of different blooo8-6)zc/5ftz x i wokxd vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. 7fbhr gf7oj9 z(;i 8wv


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it o0ye2rpugw85 bg802 e5puoy wreats?

  The diagram below sho-(r9(qxqr z jlfzl(pm ;qy6 +qws a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plants.qzj9y-qpqql(f(+x ;r6m r (lz

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following*ok/kvp (t n3iz ) o.5zhcd/yy statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of tsjqnq r r82p/qqe d80o-vg/ .qhe heart? vrs/qonqgd.8jrq2e 8 0p -/q q

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartuuuf.x1 y1q o/.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary arteg7fv*l66o ce84rim n)axzwe, ry?

  Which of the following cziy 4 kj0 9-vyqi30xryarries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tranmj ,i)eq 8uob(9r,oha/2 nrntsport water inside,mih(bj u)t q8 2o9rnrne,oa / plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass tudwnl/g)x+p qq-g+f *hrough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery s,xl k3nc8 8uus3ta 8nocclusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, reprn3 aks c8, 8lsu3nut8xesenting an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represen3 4 bzd49jmy l5c+xh zte4ph/sts the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the strurkl4)xes hoi.8*/kt :mg 9zas-vsep 5cture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micr1 1u cyqc :ht9cfeg8+fograph of a cross-section of a stemc1fefqch g + uc:yt891 of the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shoy dc;1+i(zx pyws the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micr78)ag mhj3ezkxv mwb un,c9+. ograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a pl 8-c.8mhtj:smxg zm7fant m:88c.gmx7- ztmsjhf?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the , km7pd /6ur)nypc.cj point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle i.u,7d)c j p nmk/pcr6ys the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube uno(.3-fey 08gmiqhpi,p8mcr iaided, before being transported ar p, efh q.3pi08yg8 im(rm-coiound the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below show*hbls8wn0xo4fe ;ndwh *; j. ws the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificatijxnhn b;4edh;.0ow8*f lww*s on.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessa,ne( vn* zl i1po37voels to be lower than atmosphea, *7vi pov13 znen(loric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorb8u4y+ 4vm dgxmed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup 1c8r8on/ue ax zuk-hj6/6xrl in the coronary arte6nec//xuo8rhrl k 6z u1jx a8-ries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lign0pxs1cju uvlk p1*u8+ in content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelledf((0bnfr07go 1ea 7(hmwwrpv3; fodk carbon dip70(1reo( fwd7o3b; (fwhf grn0mka voxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the r9c a0(ue4m-p vnikw) ioot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic mt5hk x1sn s7s51y- xjpressure within the sieve tubes near 5m1nj5 sh-t7sx1xys k the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ven9z*9 s ( odvib5fqm zzbe6.j,bs.o5rgtricle and the bs5g,bfzd (evb9 56 osz*oq.9j.mzr iaorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies featuremo iq.-u88ldo w7 w:jms of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids ha- ajlj97q ;qewve been 7;w - ajqe9jqlused to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.