Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and function of a named yb-w)q7xazr ;proteixzbyrw7q )-a; n?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic h;i:lw1 vtxx9 material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does n jbh9+h fa+7hmot cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tawq4o5lq,9* jgbz ;z )e anpnj:ble.

  Which of the following statements is fal - /z7jm mwpqa3lz l)cx cd0;w74fm,kuse regarding translation?

  Which of the following con6 5h yq4k uf/ rw* q5r2tq-flzqisq1u5tain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the g9+ zcko 6di;aqenetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain psifvft80da(;,n, g d7 oz( ncueptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic cj)coyc l m40*dode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct fob7omfps) t1 5. qxikn7r the functions of these sit.7 pn tkiox )fmq57sb1es?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is1t)h3bofl5wgv6 z p;g universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide frodxv1k o0mih2j *,r;zym two aminxd *ky2ro vij,1h 0m;zo acids?

The diagram below represents the process of transl 9unu ta8 th-3coo0j q8ka3.ctation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed fro+ fculc4m.mf c0 2hx/km DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and cx+0/ mfcum.l 4ck2fhZ?

The diagram below shows the genetic .hb5nhs 3q (mjcode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are;xd 26jen ed(b not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following l3pcge /6+cm-tn qq;f shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed ofocgr7ak5;c1t zr3 t.2*(xxpazaun dud1j81b three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino acidzrd*21t1 ; kna7d jgp3(cx8z ocba15 u.rxtuas.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) sxum3y 1j qg uqx)c-2wv;6n h;qtrand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays a:t ipy r ojr(ebr597e2n important role in protein synthesis. r:e(2t5j b ioe9ypr7r

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutahq f(q:8b .qlosv7ng3tion occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of muta.v(7hsb 8 nlq3fqg:qotion?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an ania01bzoyuaiy-*, 6*u jyzb.xi mal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tissues inaoy* azji1*,bbuy - y6ui.zx 0 the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prfmo- h:zwy98w okaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of tbvu)xw+ )/mi1fe k7sghe following would bind to the position labell ke)7us +f/mwig)1bxv ed R?

The diagram below shows the /uu- 26tpoysk replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and py7gcf f5plvioisg6l8lgp6./c03 y l7rokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have difaitg )b3jz90dferent numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated numberz)idb9j gt3 a0 of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genez pz,i-a8 5 o3u6n7qpilcwcm,tic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule. 85( wmqru9nr g


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a l)v5git x0.gj. urvmt3hn 7bl7 arger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in gb 7 nhu0jg tm.v5t).xi vl73rits genome?