Which row in the table correctly describes the shape an:e zd+z ls.a*md function of a named pro m+zs: .de*laztein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codinzxgevx; wp02+u12uci. jo ro 4g for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mvkoqbs vf7-l8 o5v t:i(lwi4, utations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code ta4p xhexpk.z l/fvm6mui ( ) q3z9)8lmlble.

  Which of the following statements is fawu)u ck 4un2 j xubvy1,yu9n22xla6f1lse regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide b) rh8;ur*pbmha9ps ,ponds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic fvmtyiid6p84 .m99xt c ,.lndcode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain p)r,at krkg- l7eptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shot-7nth k(tw;gpvydq9 v5(l6uws the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statemen .4hend5xo*56rpyu m hts are correct for the functions of these si5 xdy54 e6o.nuhh* mrptes?

  What does the phrase ‘thej ouu6159ve dg genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results oeey1)p,:yr 5oenst5 in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids5o)t1py 5orey :,se ne?

The diagram below represents the process of translation. 0j 6k;wk 18zuxgcoi3s

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indica ; 3/u00nurtoxehpf6e ted b/ur 6poeh003enux tf;y the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the geneti k +.drb6av)ptc code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are*xya/51 pfr8iavn m*y not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of at ;20byp3 /5uvh*tnpb g:egrmRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polype,:czcly lz:- ap/6 kp gtf4q,iptide chains, each chain contpk, :ccla6p -zg4 f,: z/iyqltains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the follo(;mx7 :m,2qn hh m+bnof.wtsrwing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in probnjehpku70x. 8 xtrwy2w2( k6tein synthesis. k0ybt wn22(7r pkhxxwe j.86u

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codo4( t*rx clhe:co)7d cmn is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence ofcc(eor*m d 4 )7l:cxht this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation,)g-, 2syaxj7n r0 lsfi wh0sx j) 7f g,laysir2n-ich of the following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryov3 8t;sm;q3h b.1k7kdd y wqbstes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind tp r8-1.alb ikvo the position laiak p- l8.1vbrbelled R?

The diagram below shows the replication ec b9; ,cm8sxt(3ju6st nn4n qof DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokary-7jtit vfb e)q f0s 57plt2s9totic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livinw40p lybumaj7s 4d(x; g organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of gene0y4p 7;x(aubjlmd4s ws for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristiq:dq gp3+y (uccs of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molnb7o +kk z:dq3fu-- dqecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger numbercaduu - b((mc enro+k-r* w/5j of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome?mb(odr+5-u un-ejak*(rc/ cw