Which row in the table correctly describ 7tn-oy5m z*eh* 7byeces the shape and function of a named protein?ech 5*7m*y- zbty one7

  Which nucleic acid caagn:5h 7s4 ly39xgadwrries genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not zu7/m0wr0tfr0* hceukt 5l)zcause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the g 6e e*mrgd8jwu fuh,3.v ltn;3enetic code table.

  Which of the followinghbst;0z 8yf c8 statements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following cohkktlnc8;8 i mh1o0hy-nu n+ 3ntain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic codetle(vckpmf-gf z-1, (.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds?ieb 993xtcv b,dt+sy a)jv3:j
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genezsn6fyu /ebt:ekt,.qt)y0i0sd k n80 tic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are coo8c28 8iray 3qiuta.crrect for the functions of these siic t cuq8.yo8aair238tes?

  What does the phrase noo(jsi7( . ycw 0d3to‘the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formad 43nwyd + ck 6gv:oo qlc/pwi+jf882ction of a dipeptide from two amino cq3 fvcd 8+64jdo8i wgcow2p/ yl:+k nacids?

The diagram below represents the riw9/ blht:b une;+8i process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from vku-s88z 3m+qanjsq:DNA. What structures are indicated bnm8+-zuvq ajs:s83 qky the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code.v m3e/v11xq/ieq-y+wi1 ux5u+mp 2v ;xf c dri


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not tregwq) ye p-b2t3 r9oy6ue?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows tho4 4ne73ljso:ni.ckce correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed o +o00nh4 rnlsfxon e1/f three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amino acide4 nshon o/nx0 1fr+0ls.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) straxe 19v7ke.as dnd of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that pli( lqt -tbf-12-tunij ays an important role in protein synthesis. u-f2qji-1l ibt t (nt-

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop +q-r 9*/daezien wja kk :hl23codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of thi ej l/3-9:krew anha+z*idq2ks type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a res,p/.i-pmw tz vdmti 6 i05 w83-ttkjieult of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect other tpmkte.tp0 z- id/mwvw- j8i5t ,6i3i tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation onl4o0bz3, qwanur*s tk9r14j : e1rnmz by applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following g*pn2iwieuv/u9x , st hvu-*els) )x;would bind to the posit)ils;ue2 p s 9*n*w vxthv-u/ gie)xu,ion labelled R?

The diagram below showstuqs:f u4 x rwi(mvp47.6(k gq the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotm;dyhyv zl46wa8, 4s qic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes charactf1:k+v s-axfceristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five spe1cfax: +v f-kscies.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of t5e8uzdg/2r x(i smer0o cj75nhe genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a k.;5b1jrcnc:i3vxqa short fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number ofwynozb1s85ypel52an8i* k y 2 mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genomwl 2pze15y s5b oyn8n2k*ai8ye?