Which term describes the splittingr :qsp*5b9j+o* afjnl of water molecules in the presence of light to produce elejr+b anp:lj*59o q*fs ctrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fo he -dt40;dfcixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment i7n 3z/dyl-xacjv o 48fnvestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughou4dlxv7y3ca jo fn-z 8/t this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?rlsulb7du5jsx )k3 ;(v1u41cy- dh kk

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer inab,4xk9 -wq nxk260 txcf4yw /jqqnq ) isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. W q2 x9x) 04bk/jkf4xwt6n,qn-wqcy aq hat is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in yz:zvw8d ey8oomib cy 9.p;3, a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part pcdwy8 9 .8yy;bz i3zv:,omeoof a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rz)yskh 04uswcba- 2u (ate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthen cy1 rqws o(5*n5clt8r1y 5fx*pcb c-sis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cyclc gw-:yrhx4 md/2 j+t i/hztu6e.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmos6ds 8vqx/t /d4+ru*zioxj po2is takes place in photosynthesis and j opszr4 d d x68oi2qx/vt*+/uaerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant wi w)p 9o+rhlol-th red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogenyrf 1mjlj;lroiq -1z41c7 sz9 ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosyn ic;7lro y f9l11zqzjrjm41s-thesis?

  Which of the following,+qbz;klxa*t:p4h7u p hezy : correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reactioy5qm8hji 3*patvk x(.n is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photos*.qi hyt8pxja k(mv35 ynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involv0ycjwl* utq 6-+,jn: dn ;yjumed in the production of reduced N,jculy:t d qw;jnum- j6+ n*y0ADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the sep(+)7 h7mqr;nzprscgdr+m 9ws, dvec) aration of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone+rzc)7 pvd c(,7rmr; ns )we+ sdh9gmq.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate omq(t5-l mk,el f photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic ace-(5,qm ltlmk id.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wa cn: gl6b:rxcj, +,ib87 yg4b hnz,qygvelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosyn8gy g7nb:cb,y , +cj h64bx:lgz, qrinthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presencihfsv(t .1,o st5/zpeikp 5:j e of light.p ov5,pt.ss (e/it ji z1:kh5f
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 6t9wcm -gnzn ccc;/d3cf 3 y.hdg,v- pg- i3xpin the light-dependent reactions of photmdgghi3;pz,.cf9y6 - cccw vpn/xtg-dn-33c osynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place /lt.xw18+ha h-igfkdq 8azf3 before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem IIf8h-qxwf/ t1aa3.gz k+ 8l ihd to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bi4cu444k )t-ou w xkyjlsphosphate undergo carboxylaxl tku4w4 u4okc)-4yj tion?

  Which products are formed at the end of t*z v9jqu:yngowq f57 23 4yvnihe light-dependent and light-independent reacw 5vvfnq47ig9:yy3u*zn 2oq jtions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic nplir05/u(us- d v ewu92ah0wpigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigm(puwv w90-herdnaiu l/ 5su02ents are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlorohwa7vlx+ 0 zt8plast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for wqn1 * l d+.nqw,i*icu 6r+gyephotosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration ar3twc tm 7 r5o9pye9w-me enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of phqlfv-p)i6sh/t* t 4xootosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage ofiftt s6/-*pvo )q x4lh enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role o i-+ :5rlnc:rmvl pqtjfa82ii 1+;qlsf carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it fomf: l+npii; ajics 2: 1tl5qq-l8+vrr und in?

  What were the results obtaine9nd ,a9o nchf/d from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independento/d ,9c9 fanhn reactions of photosynthesis?