Which term describes the splitting of water moleculec.frex4a ;difx96i):mvl) - j-sz wps/l g-e js in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?fv4ldeejwfc m-:airzxp )s/6i-)gj s; xl9.-

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation dq vc j7be46:vmn)kf c,uring photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperatureez u7s ;;e 4+r mytg0vz6-mnez on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant6;+s40z;-yme zv 7ezgturne m value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?+j/a1rh ti;am9jun8 3nr9x nm

  The Hill reaction shows electron/y c9 2y z9;cjryoegb;/d l0ss transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the fi2g zeycbs9jd//0oy9;cyl; srnal electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the followih blebw 6 wo;yf v f;;-./pt(u.brmre1ng stv u6..oeb;bbr;/h;t(-yplm we rfw 1fructures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different tempexh0 gueao 6;6sratures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity qfifp0*4yiyx8bq ; u.o;. cfuon the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin oz ,cdfp..4- s,gn0 : pgwruikniwu73cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmfbi .)kl)iqe34r,xtrosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic celikt,b.fr4i) l re3q)x l respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplan cdn:gc-zbg 86t with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen8gl ua/,c9vkf ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthe/g9ku ,cfla8v sis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosy-tw dkt1d 3;dm8ybnt+ x qe:(gnthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occu3zc/ z 9a-qmazbwri5-ew.i9b rring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? i /we9qri -b wz-mc.b93aaz5z

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved ivo3.g zua vvus5,6b,tn the production of reduced Nutvbz o 3auv65.,s v,gADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation oflez ikxg. cm9gt(0z5( photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvenecggmx.9 t5(0 k(zl zit propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change o,4 kt5ctr*ees 7;m ilqn the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each c4mei; c7s*5,r tlket qontaining a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of lighq-7yhry(j5; h ;lclb s-, ofubt that are absorbed and reflected by chloroph5yl hl c-jo;ubq(f;7bry-, shyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process whert* cn:k:le7tmy e5q:t e carbon compounds are produced in the presence of lig* yc7:ktltet nm:5qe:ht.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the b3w8/zdd z yecszj6uh) -ff2:l8oo-slight-dependent reactions of photosyntb8d6 w2f of-8/z-c3)zjehd o luyzss:hesis?

  What is the process that takes *lb.6wrcrjs ssn8 0 6cplace before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I?c nlr.j b6s 6swc8s0r*

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribujka5zajld5 rd. 5-1tk lose bisphosphate undergo carboxylarkaj.atk5dj z5 5-1dltion?

  Which products are formed at the/p.3 c3xhr:vg uej 8 /mkm,mea end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactioj3v8 m xu:./r3cem eapk, mg/hns?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pidl . o,+*xr*x1(qfilwi* meiegments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are usedqi(ex r*dmo.ll,xfiew+* i* 1 to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of atbf 4t: 9nhkc.05c fva chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action specti**j 5riqiqu- rum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzy l-e1,y bmy-.pod0 t)no+nahksz:pf7me-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of ph +z-0 juzcd;vy2tg)nn/2g8-qgwzo) tq lb 8l jotosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the fow2ujtol nc;n/yl2d- qgj8)-zbv z8gz)q+ t g0llowing is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem Ize ot4 7:34zomdz lxxr5sit 86ex i5;vI, and what form is it fouoim3vez4r5l;ox8d4z :et5xzti7s 6 x nd in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled9gdpnjn 2 ue. 8((dueg Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynth.(g d ju2nu8een9p(g desis?