Which term describes the splitting of water mobg*e0cu3d;u orr wqjk1*o74zlecules in the presence of light tob7rr*;ud*oqe4 3og1ju w0kc z produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in car6f 5khrb; 4)zkfx jpc9t1xcf(bon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment inv; v2af1iw *vi 5cp6fsjestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. vpf6 afvs iwc* 1j;25iWhich of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representpsbhv:g8 ss1g(b)x8bq*f +jg1t/6+yrq jmad?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfcqflzwbb )9ee:;8w d2er in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photos w ezb9fc lbw82eqd):;ynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast,yaxn*h di th/sr(3i 1 in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labesi,h *tria dn/y 13hx(lled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rau a3d k60s6urate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosyn/z)yjvx+hmaa+jvd/ +thesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes:n dfn;yzz.6 x occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correcrz mvn8 4v t ao8:nu3shasw549tly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis anav49 hnw8nrss a4 z58ov3 t:umd aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an a6r ((o(zkla bet0icf0ttractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependlm( okn0g.-rceg s ).kent reactions for photosynthesi c-. rs.e0)ok gngmlk(s?

  Which of the following correctly describesap 7k wzkc*y+g:vh:k6 photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in the r3p21c(va 6 igtgyx+ cf3j.his light-independent reaction of photosynthesafhci j+3e1x2(rp g3c6v.yt g is?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in tez1wbdj2 g8nk2qps62+mu ,yl(tl 4qdhe production of reduced NADP andjz, 4 l+qtn2gsp1dduwbkq8 26 y(m2el ATP?

The diagram shows the separdggvh72qc7r5zvuw6 ) ation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the s 7q d6)rvhcggu257 wvzolvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on t.m bk-ppk o36ec rc.mhgc7;c ;he rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical -mm .p.cc hp3e7g;rc ko6;kbc flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represu246)hqsmq mj*a .o /iwc tg2sents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflecti/.h6q)g4uw jcq motm2 as2*sed by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process wher 1nnigf /j-;uoe carbon compounds are produced in the presence of - onji f;gu/n1light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradijyl:tchp )r7mq 1;oqd(/ /hxz ent across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthes/l hr :tojd 7zpy1m qhc()q;x/is?

  What is the process that z- jb35 6q yfybolyoquo4/+i+ takes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem Ii/l++35 fuyoyojyzo6b4q q -b I to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chlovlh en4w)+,a 6knxf9proplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation?hxf4 w6pk+9vn )lane,

  Which products are formed at the end of the 3 a9ux9fl 6wgblight-dependent and light-independent reag9 ba6u9f3wx lctions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to.rib 8p+b asnfi:1 *tl separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values arefin rt .+l8:abpbs 1i* used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlorosqhn wh*1; :stplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosy/ +pv7vaa)aeh nthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions5/ivl9dhe kt..
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment b3m2f -g4knszsq, 7ilexperiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide s3k7mniz b-gq4 2s fl,enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what9z+xu*ihzp+ q c t.ft. form is z.+ uc9q*.itfxpth z+ it found in?

  What were the results obtained from thef)tx9 qw k1m8l lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-im8kfq1 )xt9wl ndependent reactions of photosynthesis?