Which term describes the splitting ofwcihf;x r(j65 water molecules in the presence of light to produce electr;w6 rfix(5 cjhons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is invs9i1s7p a vggrfw: ;d5olved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investig7vkk3-(:qf;3da8ajaje qdw46 gh4 hnfdeu +hating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a cohqka3hd(dj 8 h kadn44+ ;f:a3 jfev7ue-6wg qntrolled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?/thd 8sa/mss+l it,xu. ;ze l)

  The Hill reaction shows eu7xqrfg0 :nd6c/6fwfm-+qfu lectron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. Whf0- w/fx6 u 6gqmdcrnu+7ffq: at is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows pw(+udrf( l/k f7u4 umcart of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part+f((mfucu74 udl /wrk of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the a/*h etd 9l ngqpls/3 -tc-vt9rate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynththt9vz fz q;9ri6 2k(osb49qj esis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur q; jdqxmc h*ondb,jt6:g-4 1z opd2i(in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows wd3d x7p vdd;s 63p3lwjhere chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic celld xswppjv6 ;33dd3ld7 respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive housgr zxhe b(y 1b l26e3c4t-5iveeplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ion-qmlar( .;ho6y t82xxrbsdwke v 0 1i*s in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesise2-db0*x.wmli;h1r xr v86 kqs(oy a t?

  Which of the following correctly describes p;kwx3og q6nfhsi :po5k-g xe;t*n3a:hotosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this )ws7+b ).j8wxdxmc tr light-independent reaction of photosynthesisr8 xj .wswx+ )cmtd)7b?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the production of redu j;pshz/sp1-wjlw,5 kced sjj- /1s,5pwlkzp; whNADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using tj-v2/nj;eipyv2 )uxxb/q p *t he thin-layer chromatogvxq tv;) /ey*xbn-22jjup/ i praphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the hw;w,g *m4lb*nld4h 6u;ixbt fy0 h-hrate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a numih;l *6b04y*dhxg4wn b;-lhhf tm ,wu ber of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of lighg47 wwe6acd9+ojqw- qt that ae7dwgww9 oj -64aq+qcre absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon comp7j(tcna 4hu( mx mp)8oounds are produced in the presence of lighu(na h (xjcm8)4 7motpt.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gra4b wxb2 ji.ww-dient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosyntwi4b2xwjb.-w hesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferredla 8f, aqf2 t+og2rh(/apzzl 1 from photl1tf,ro/zg+ 8aa2fzl 2 h(paqosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast d*faz1gqx 7jdwshsm ;v p-701woes ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyla1-zqxvj d wss0g;wp*f7 hm1a7 tion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light-8ehnq:45a ipk sc84by-jye 9iindependent reactionsypbyh5:ek4-acei j9qs i 884n ?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to sepe z8 u/zzswp /u:ie7q-arate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out wesqu-z87we// pi uzz: hat pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a ch at r-j5v84zv*lvk ww8loroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthedlg h-o7 yeg7 0l2jon. si:k(osis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular*m1mhck2 ze0w/ 1kffp respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predido.-x+f0 ,tyh wr j;lle 2wzu7ct future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments jr+lwet;w .zf,70 d xhu-l2yoover free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the roux bm/rbb 1j5;le of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is itmrb1;u /5 jbxb found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enw6vh 2v -x)ddie0 o5fxabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-d 56xf2vioxw)dv eh -0independent reactions of photosynthesis?