Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of lq bnaopq-4 :v,ight to produce electrons, hydrogen ions an, bvqaq4npo:-d oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation duriw0p4as4:d.-klkhs ,qem fl+ q1- puqong photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating k q *qkbn hc6*sk; -w/vpiq33jthe effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular e njwkbq /k6hvi -pq*q*;c s3k3xperiment?

  What does X represenmvqx s/mtm o:gjnx(/vo/7 +* ht?

  The Hill reaction shows electron tranp w6-.jr.ri josfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acce ri.r6 .-jpowjptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fgjmcre n, fr 4ry927/mollowing structures are found in the pafemrcr4 2j 7g,y/9 nmrrt of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at1ns4c/4l6frrvfory) different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosy5.8eos(e ece pnthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processeszwxj,+-stsel 93xky6c,l m d4 occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place igi); )b7oqsb,qsutzxz,*u- q n photosynthesis and aerobi *- boqiz u,7t s,gz);qu)qbxsc cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attr -iw6zqv, ewb uj r.aau)/n3hkn8 f),qactive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the l sn -r6(k7uoyo nuk2am*yh+ s2ight-dependent reactions for photosynthesi+m(* 2ynokhsa-u ro 6kun2 y7ss?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or red eu/--a jum4 cef3h 9o;q4smjspiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independenu7u q(4:o,z9olmfxvojb n+ h9t reaction of photosynthesisnh zom x7 v(obu99:q,fj+4uol?

  Which structure of the chloroplast nje6a bn f,89dis most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP9bj ,nn6ad ef8?

The diagram shows the separationmqb7wgz9 (un(0qafi bx07z- a of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatographyza g ( 0(qb7ibumn-az970fw xq (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate chantnl ic,o9a )8 qj1gsu)by9nb 7ge on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and caon,i8)j)7gtbc 9anu 9 b1 slqyrbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelenyr;( )rsbeuxyd 1zp:: zfxt/3gths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlz z/t(r fy1:xye:r s) 3;bdupxorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process pp,/( scwxw5mwhere carbon compounds are produced in the presence of li ,/5spmp(xc wwght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gra:kjtwtepc 0+a 7ce9tn8gqt s*)m1 q3n dient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-s9:cpm 7 ct*8wne e3tnga+q1qt)0 jktdependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place be*hw;:hdurgh:ruzt 3hnw6 ;8h fore excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to phr :u;3:h hzt w8n*;ug6hdr whhotosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast )tp5tl5ed vf4 does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylati4t5e5)t lpfdv on?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light.yty57m d ypd)-dependent and light-independent reactid)7m dyyy5 .ptons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthedniu1uq4)x u4msq;y -tic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigmyu-qsuxiq1m u ;)n4 d4ents are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlord. r:0h 8iyb*uox-wvq oplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum w+jy0wyir (v- -l*nqf for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respirat;o5;2uherz uiw r*; ihion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of phot5sn0 kj5 go7n6ldm-1donzc 9oosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following issng6j9omn 0cdn l755-z1 dok o an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in phcf 8e2:3+juaox;gg8z n3yfh y otosystem II, and what form is it fgny338oy xc u+;f2jzfh:ge8aound in?

  What were the resultsy- 2ia kgt61vj obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine t-tk2ag j 1i6vyhe order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?