Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution used to b0n1oq nva. (( z6pevlwathe organs for use in organ transplant ppw vn(v1n az0lq.e( o6rocedures?

  Which is the most likely 1g(is pc+s*vd solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an iso6e+ekv2e /quo tonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not sto ev26qo+u/k eered in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solwhn/x3 nmfq, 11cpd:kvetup, u -qg, )utions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a u q1utx- c) ng hn,k,qdwe fv3pp,:1m/positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a1n1gv, .n h:fkdsy+ ml human being is likely if the individual is given a hym1, gsh:1f. yd+vnkn lpotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis m69s jkfn x9;;ycfy 4:d;rtv qexperiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in,fyvtnqrms6 9cy9x4;f k;:d;j and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutions as5c x;tdr 6 pq9 7fobnk;px5o+i seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely p;qb7;x9 o tpind6co5k prf +5xlaced in?

Membrane transport is impor p .bn7clq/dul/:ain-tant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracelluln:/c /. -lunabdl pq7iar fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition)h.n 8pyrq72v v*hd tq or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios wo,w;5vjh bq w4,qiw glk(8f*qa eegp96uld result in the highest rate of diffusion for pvl9k, 5 eq8(qa;wg4 hw6 ige,wjf* bqa cell?

  The diagram shows a pieceq4n.y ,laz(:3kc6i fg w3u slk of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. f(wyq,sac ugk zi:4kl. 63l3n Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at wud)6oifls 3xrk9db,60 (tqedifferent concentrations of sucrosew qrdxf)0 oks3b l69d(,eu6it solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which3qz1s:) ze jd5pysrp s4z- wl: direction will there be a net movement of j)p z:wlsr:z yz53d1se-qp4s water?

The micrograph shows onion epiderma dgwoboq:f,u5o8t q,;l cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solut d/fqpc1 c04w02lo6 eou* yuqyion and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic * 0pu cy luf c2q0yo/6q1w4odesolution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cellsztidkgd;v v8q-3n 4 *ipcl:,h when placed in different solute conced;viz:vip-lc q n8t4* d,kh3 gntrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stagesh5 pb:eilvj 02zj mo39 of solvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.