Which statement best describes the osmolari+l6.lkj w jb6bty of a solution used to bathe organs lb6jl.jb+w6k for use in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute po,c-fb 8mf np iqlg3p95tential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted an hr0(aj bs/y php a2t,(k9jh7bd is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the folloph7hsj j9tb,(2 p kayh0/abr (wing may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions inhw ov7/ x.x6minc,89o fdms5jtravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while th,md97 8 5inwmsxhoj6focv /x .e other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the inx gwbj 6*crz(x96pp:ax arp ;v o-a-n4dividual is given a hypotonic solution intravenouo nc*6(xx94 wpv6aa apgp- zrj rx-;:bsly?

  The diagram shows the setup fork 8vp qz+fr-i fe)txrqucj 71c i(/+6k an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type+q7rrx8fk qe if(izjk-tc) 1v+/p c6u of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three dinx3piixk a1fb 1 o0v+5xghll .l(m9 -gfferent solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown -n .io p l10l51xihxgml(b +v9f3gxkain micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport ill0kb58.f wqbs important for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to change 0lw 5.l8bkfqbs in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definiti/)ghsmg-qu +dde 4 3nvon or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would re+i6y 3nnre(z.b ncmnu4+(en xm1 t,r hsult in the highest rate of diffusion fo,nry. (mr6 i3 hu4z++e x nc(nnbentm1r a cell?

  The diagram shows a pkb76u)u wcexfv3 6x: ms8p wl6iece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water i:uu6 c6v3xbxm swk w e8f)6p7lnto the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass di doj q m-rii:l3-:7lof a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose si7 id::-ljq-rdom 3li olution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental se9i0aynm4(gh m.a,l rxt-up, in which direction will there be a net movemeyrmxn 0 ,a. (9mgaihl4nt of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermg w 8.l2fqrr/sal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic tdp 7q:c uy(q2t6hef0solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standardh6(qdq:0fpe t7uy2c t error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red4frquiwo /b5cg6 6f0m blood cells when placed in different solute concentrations. mcu0fq4fi66 g 5o rbw/


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. r1uykok9:bfc-3/ ix9g o)c paen1b2 k

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.