Which statement best dekr49psg):o vbscribes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs 4vpg 9sbkro):for use in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likel8ae x/4tl7n xg l5eb/ay solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is s-f zj6.8/f*w rzaquistored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored ijq s/6iw8* fzru.az-f n an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intraj .qsutu:he idi(9jn6 i )2x5hpst k..venously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a lighthtip6i u 9 uj:dkq..2ss )ie(ntx5hj. microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if tkhj4nkgs dy/e 9 sd9* +mwyj21he individual is given a hypotonic solution intrads2j9g9sj4e *y k/nh ykdw+1mvenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an oq -cv xddz:ji-b-,v-+h z9twv smosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the ef,izvhz--d9qxj vwb:-c +-v dt fect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three differib amy. b d;**mpwc3)ient solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A3ia db)w b*cm; yimp.* most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing p bkqt ki 7 ock+eq77+(8jjmxx6articles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracejkb+kmqex8k+7j7ix 7 c(6 qt ollular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equati20nh fw; +khypon for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in then1mp/ 2ttqk3:a c x4tp highest rate of diffusion for a cecn1 a/tq24p:3mtp kt xll?

  The diagram shows a piece of po(-hq/ntsa byk 0mzz)2tato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distn tza)( bh-/syqk2m0zilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different cotoki+mn h82+d ncentration2kdo+ iht8+n ms of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction wi01lk7dw 6bna 31vchj ill there be a net mov13dwbj v 1n7iak l0h6cement of water?

The micrograph shows onion 5orb 8snlu e)p.yl-l9 b:s9kspq 4tvq7 0att5epidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypot9oj2d a v2zsk9onic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the9kza so29dj2v mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cmvv z z-4+xr0r/-i8 8 j(8fa iyyclhbvells when placed in different so4+vfc0ilz/ x-8b zjyhv8v-rra( yi m8lute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solva3p9hbeus )jd.tion.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.