Which statement best describes the osmolaejo.:4f n )5sny hetk6rity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplsf 5t 6):n kn4joheey.ant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute + r4t)e.wp-zosq; ait potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted an-zr6-jss q l r9ftj88ld is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in lr98ft-l-r6qzs 8jjsan isotonic solution?

  Two patients were givel xmhahr)gypm34e+cl( 6):ooh/ yg8 zn solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. On/(mhh x 6e4orl3z +ola:)ypm8gg cy)he patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a huj pxjb4+ jeeuceta /r4ymuk7//+d,j6man being is likely if the individual is given a h,jmj+ /y /t /pj4a 4kjebdu6ee7xurc+ypotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. Thev74za64be7 ymz)enjq ,umym:ol;(d i potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which typee o4z vad(zb j,l7:)mq6iemumy47n y; of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells plapjlta/ j /w,cypia(+ 6ced in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed ini +j wp/ap,(t6jyl ac/?

Membrane transport is important for allowing pihcf b(m g0;:ro zb;c)articles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracelluzfrg(b0oc;); mb : hcilar fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct derz4 va n9ei1l3r-7osufinition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface arvim, pt.be ,ds n45k0yrd s9w.ea to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusidenpd.i4 5kmw s9 0y v.sr,,bton for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distill z x-pzse)3;gled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distille 3)pz-lz;e sgxd water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the ch8mh1 a f5y*m- t7xamnlange in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concenm7t *am-n8 maf 51lhyxtrations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental sew e7tu/3*r0hikb .c jjt-up, in which direction will there be a net movementk7j*.ew bui h/3r 0cjt of water?

The micrograph shows onion epide3zg h8lz*zsjorgf x*j* /o/0 v87mzifrmal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution 47g am/8 lni2uznl m.hre q31cand 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calcerhczqn71 il8/n43m.2 lua mgulated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells5um nvx(-a3tt when placed in differentm3 5(xav nutt- solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatiofr9 ari25 + attvxh)n9n.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.