What is the correct definition of a gene pool?lk1pn : un ph2(66xbhxh/7moz

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a populatif,p)r8 w4wah+b0l8 hr qa z3gson?

  Which of the following identifies a simuo cy: 0f+,ztu 1yp5ln:)or19nprpcz ilarity and difference between natural selection rp1o5lyut r9cuc+,o)f:zn 1p:zp 0ynand selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the pe d)phxp6l)j6 32qogk ippered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What d o) x hplk6qpj)63i2geffect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidencelib-c ijg ;p-+ that can be used to support the theory of evolution?g-;ci -pbl i+j

  Which statement(s) aboutrl6 4rq+b(av+,:rilih (mlg y natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punc2c3 r(/s vfnfj dulk/ga u*m8 8f(l0uttuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai gibb.df 2efei9 f9a9cy /raffes (G. tippelskirchi)fe 9fid ay9 9b.fcbe2/ and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic resistany cmrz-h3aed72o lica186)l /a(sxaece?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discuss4:bjvg sp(t2nl mqtm ):qn.zj; zq*1uing indus n2bl;sq1) vztqjnp.:*( jz t4:gummq trial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence (d;vcxms 6 drl;w ua*z(po,n8for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the f 2aizvl55(nhg requency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. Wha2hzn (l5 igav5t could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene potluqi y3p2:1 *c xsuj8ol.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of se+2 oq*; juqua3jm8cljlective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of gro(2b7xtei u2 ifwing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measure2i fix72(ubtements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manq 60e0f :ul)xv-k 0o5peg kkotner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affecfkx k-6o)tv0k 5ge0e:uq o 0plted (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African eleph*5zqgp*x/l( h dn rhv/ants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks 5/h(v* pqgldrnh/* xzin Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters s pupq cc *6uo:554ukmblend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is thisq :c6u c5u4sup*kpom 5 an example of?

  Which of the following st ,iiuwb7py0 sqpzc41 3atements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structurbclhg/w ,.ded6j7t00 fyu 0 wbe of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be aue wjdw dlcyb 700b6/th0g.,fnalogous?

  Which are examples of directional s7r1yg zj dy ureld.:8a1dt;xg5wzb/- election?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selection?7e ysic8gy5q 2

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropica4ew3vptz- rf1 o*( ;p9bar,aljmoe 2 fl rainforests. Which characteristic jfrotm rzepaw1( ;-a bve p,92f*3o4lof the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best ad )svy9 5k1hzynsg,/u xapted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistanceu :mam:y 5l)j *r4wzya to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. Ho*la: u5 zm w)y:4ayjrmw could this change occur?

The diagram representn*izf9 ;wg/,sst1 adxs the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to nxzf1id ;w9ss*at, g/modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatioh.l (lx9-yt08 odum myn?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 fincut.79st uqh/;3yidy nhes which share a common ancestor and are;hq. 9it/dy7 y3uutn s found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of spe:i oh;-mdo*erfdx *.qx 2 drt,ciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result inbk59 +qv te 4odwb/1q 1tozcn( natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe ar0aibx-jx u1 ax8j6c(a* s v.xdaptations. Which of the following best desjb*ca80r-sjxuix. 6ax 1xa (vcribes the term evolutionary fitness?