What is the correct definition of a/n 3ueogt p0fv(p4(igv)c9 a0 lznk2w gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency witgt(c-h 4fj5gzs9 qu gwo mb9(8j(7jup hin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference prnz2 *6 nsf6d3xps1nug t 98vbetween natural selection and selectiv6ufndnv p2*stn 93r1g6sx zp 8e breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the tr y,b-*mudvahcx v 4,,lees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become ,,l* xb,v4-cuyvhda mdarker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be use dz+wcwo9u:o 4d to support the theory of evol +du:z9w o4cwoution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selectilp08 pn:b p,. j tvubng3)pj*d2zbfs 0on is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true oi 8ez doijly-c4y3*7zf punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masac-)xz8 68u rc9 y3mjvdpfn: vli giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What txc )3 mr6dfp8l:9y juvn v-zc8ype of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development ofo7iilrf( s4yfltk3m+s 44 b 2f antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an e;5;if6gh3z wa jgep x3*0unhkxample when discussing industrial mh*f;ji3 3a ;egw pgk 056unhxzelanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evmqqd/j )3xdva) 3:br;,ais t tolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of fi p7+ vyuzuueos6.y n74nches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaksn677+4zpvuy. u eo yus. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes ofd3 hh.:/ke/ mqyi(l0;o rv aml*r bcu7 changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective br/f7 ub- a9juh* nxiexus24mr1 eeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with dif1x i93atk4qht ferent antibiotics can be inves1a h9k it3xtq4tigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codomin-qidj:ms vu( r9qps6:ant manner. The graph shows the proportj:9q(m: dsusp6 v i-rqions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Lo0tebrj2sc b 8ib 4,cymw 6nyxb/0 9i;exodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa wi x/bbb6cje9si24e0 mytr,bny;0c8 National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oystedxs g184krdy: 9lezyjgso5 m 5zu0e6- rs blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into thg4eyuo8s-dezxk 6 j zg1dry9ls50m : 5e deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements be)o5f d fl*lnm2st describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of eacoamyb2(f kr83: :xb:6p fc(lwtxuii9 h forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be analogous (:k:89lcipbfi t3frxba(mowux6:2y?

  Which are examples of directional selection?o-w es5znaw.q24osz(
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selectionlexy6w)dj1)(m2r +dbh . b,c 0s dbghn?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforests. )05z uw hu8dstrgvh)/Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful ada h)suwvd5hgrz0u8)/t ptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowera /de):in66qzbl qp6ke h(trxd sv 6p0oz+. /rs?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a po fhc5 +v2*udzn6an ni0pulation of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. Hof dh+v0u n n2n5a6ci*zw could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features ejd rod-j,,vn, h 3,gtld2j j-+uku*i 3nof c;in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day h ,hc,g loni duj3teovrku*j- jdf;, +, -jnd23orses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatio:ep9mjbci*u31y ;ep g)kd2 ig i,pc;y n?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximanrxhe oxu yuor 74qdr,u0 y..0;o 5j7ktely 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galap x7rx05erjuq.hko , o n4. yd7u0u;oyragos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following i/8 ei/zimvt l.,fv*d zs not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations cai .q:p jn(.cfc/+soson result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term 8ufn,trq-fh b9g ke:)used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the te)eu9hb,k: nf 8tfg-rq rm evolutionary fitness?