What is the correct definition of a gene pool vs9je 4hn2a7g?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a b9n koy+,1lgc;f kj.ni 02)dpny;sw gpopulation?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between naturab+k bx.3czb s8l seleczs+bbk c.x3 b8tion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered mst:i r;, la0zgoth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth ,rsz:gi; a0tlpopulation numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that, p*nt3f t/ qiqw6jqa- can be used to support the theory of evolutio jpa ftq/n- q,qiw*36tn?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are trujzr:zg n-*p d+e?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated eq g6mpr5neuq7,g 6 m 0f3:rvqafuilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai girafkw 5 (p)buv hl7t1ixd0fes (G. tidpx01) l(u7whkt 5v bippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of anth1xww jt:6o):wd : msfibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Bist5 qq t8v86+fpx 6jkvx)mao3m/xk/hka on betularia) is often used as an example when discussing industrial /xaxq5 fk8/8pmx)3ao vj th6km+vq k 6melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergencn4*my oe; rfl* 40labpu5,/p hkxa2 fke provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches,s*y3t,o ,,8/n bjljfbgjh 2il the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for tj,llg28 3 sftb/hn,b* ,io yjjhis?

1.Outline the possible causes of chanym.dlbl13 3o+ksuat-*p qx b;ges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are examples bir:mbsue1 zy4 6hx/t6 s11w(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effe(zi0b*)qz8jhl q p5qjct of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were tajzl0jiq* b(hq) q5p8 zken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a s1wfvmdsysf d4..+f-y ncj c/:ubx-7trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who arejx +s:./fdm c-. sd-cu4fbw s1yynf7v homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana)) ah24c1;c ab6 5i ttsflpm-tx born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?2tatmf6ip ;l4 -c1)s a5xbch t

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks 48z6vivn vz)-yww3 qb in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest )4ibwzwz38 -yvv6vnq parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statement q fxf )r(k4qsnuk059 khk8d-gs best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which sc5)l4y8qrvn3 rl+7a.ykzq uone is likely to be a8c.5y3rzln yqa usq kl)v4+r 7nalogous?

  Which are examples of directional 7dqgp7 *saew4 selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selj,njfc04/ om u: kve7c9vtp l-ection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforejf;)i38b hx9l+ )i9 +)skkms fthupqests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of it )8ukf+psi3jbq f )hh9 ;k)s+x9 mlea useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from fls w2jyauiixc4z/sx:v0w.f *) owers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivz(u3nh,ro;mral /2ui ores may develop into a population of rih(/z;lam uo nr3u,2plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses frwmt. t-j k*zzpqg)rlb +2+j:nom the oldest ancestor (a) tnlzr)p-t *q.+j w:bjmtk2gz+ o modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result 2do9k-5cy6vpf a*nj:5t jq53 inz q xy28bzw qin variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share tj36l+ (eeji,3k9rfwr 6i ehk a common ancestor and e6(e6,r9f j jike3th3 +kl irware found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an examp;ttll:q1mav9 le of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can rez0bgaebtzw kq23s4z.n +t :b:sult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which oz;6sz;d)j n olf the following best descrzzn6;l;) osdj ibes the term evolutionary fitness?