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习题练习:IB ESS Unit 1 Foundations of ESS



 作者: admin发布日期: 2024-04-20 23:42   总分: 57分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 24年04月20日 23:42  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
第 1 题组 (共 16 题 16 分)
  Suggest which of the following might influence a pr+uw (b-njve 7erson’s environmental value system:njw -re+ub7(v

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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  igure: Sample EU energy efficiency label for a wa2pk)mlne rqk5 p)mv a3;r-n7c shing machine


[Source: Dunn, Andrew (2004, December 30). File: EU energy label.png. Wikimedia. Retrieved 28 July 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.png. Copyright free]
Improving the energy efficiency of household machines will help us decrease the amount of energy we use.
Identify the environmental value system that best matches this approach.

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify which of the following environmental value syst-,a k- .sv ymn+a obd2yuv/bt4ems is most likely held by El/-u4b-2skt +y.d vamon,v ab yon Musk, the founder of Tesla and Space-X.

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: "The Blue Marbledmo/mc8))j-.f a lilj "




[Source: Category: The Blue Marble (7 December 1972). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved July 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category
#/media/File
.png. Copyright free.]
When we talk about the environmental movement we are referring to organised groups of people who take actions to protect the world around them. Humans have always taken care of their surroundings to some extent, but since the 1960s a sense of urgency has grown as we realise how beautiful, fragile and threatened our planet is.
State which of the following is not likely to have been a significant historical influence on the environmental movement.

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the statement that is a priority in ku0zrr1/ pshs;c- q)b a technocentrist worldview.

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Systems model for developing anagl:+qtuz) zrbk0my* h9q zu8 vhy 0 19f;z7kc environmental value system


Using the Figure, deduce which stage of a system would best match participating in a climate demonstration in your city.

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: A sign about North Atlanfqd hw;3/q1h4icoy zy ,xfj(d/j 6vc:tic right whales


[Source: DrStew82. (2018, Dec 24). File
North Atlantic Right Whales sign, Belfast, Maine.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved Aug 16 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
,_Belfast,_Maine.jpg. CC SA 4.0]
The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is critically endangered.
Suggest a technocentric method to save this species from extinction.

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  List an input and an output of an eza p5ytvv 4/2f4xe 8:u/ rwqidnvironmental value system.What is input and oi2/ t4vpq4f8 xeudy 5zwr/v:autput?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Determine which is the best definition for ‘environmental value syv5fke0aqjplf 2) l* )qstem’ (EVS).

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: A systems model for c:kdm9 nz4e,h developing an environmental value system





Identify which of the following best represents stage II in the development of an environmental value system as represented in the system diagram in the Figure.

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Explain the idea that the environment hawr 2c.bh4; x ozekxb gy77qbd9jj u859s an intrinsic value.

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify which of the following statements is most closely associated with anu(jbbs7s*i+(aq6 ksn ank6 i* bu ((s+aqjn7ssbthropocentric environmental value system.


I. The use of technological advancements is our best chance at stopping climate change.
II. As humans, we are the dominant species and thus responsible to take care of the planet.
III. Nature is inherently balanced and will restore itself if not interfered with.
IV. Small-scale agriculture is more sustainable than large-scale agriculture.

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: March for Climate in Kat)k,y+dq (ctg+oo p k6uowice (2018)




Source: Mafo (2018). Marz Dia Klimatu 2018. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Marsz_Dla_Klimatu_2018.jpg. CC BY-SA 4.0]
Determine which of the following terms could describe the people taking part in the demonstration shown in this image.

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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  As a young 12-year-old girl, Se :p3 mv)j*1uws2:nkyr wilb8 qvern Suzuki spoke at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. She spoke about)nb j: k2virl*y:8w mpqsuw13 the damage she saw around her home in Canada and heard about from around the world. She asked world leaders to change their policies. She said, ‘If you don’t know how to fix it, please, stop breaking it.’
Describe how Severn Suzuki may have shaped the outcomes of the Earth Summit in Rio.

I. Government leaders were made aware of the impact of environmental degradation on the next generation and, therefore, the impact of the legislation they were writing.
II. Legislation was written to tackle the hole in the ozone.
III. People around the world realised that raising their voices could influence the decisions made at the Rio Earth Summit.

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内15/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Wangari Maathaic3s.6 b:w+cd 6ovbeed






[Source: File
Maathai Receives the Nobel Peace Prize.png. Wikemedia Commons. Retrieved July 17 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.png. CC SA 4.0]
Wangari Maathai received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her efforts in sustainable development. Since 1977 the Green Belt Movement that she started encouraged women to plant trees in order to combat desertification which was affecting the livelihood of the subsistence farmers in Kenya and other African countries.
Identify which of the environmental value systems listed below best matches the description of Wangari Maathai.

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内16/16) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider the following list of influential events that shaped our modern view of:lnz bo0y +gb. envir.+n :bloz0ygbonmentalism:

I. Al Gore's book ““An Inconvenient Truth''
II. Rachel Carson's book ““Silent Spring''
III. The Fukishima Nuclear Disaster
IV. The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
Deduce which of the following is the correct order of these according to when they occurred earliest to latest.

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
第 2 题组 (共 14 题 14 分)
  Identify the diagram that is not a correctly uckj6prc)i* n4z+)vou1q -uri/el ) xdrawn systems



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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the exchanges that a closed system makes with the environment.ynxbyd -juwr s)449 o8
I. Energy
II. Matter

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Systems model for developing an environmental value system 971a ip 5v1wp-mo-cf rup+xn z



Using the Figure, deduce which stage of a system would best match participating in a climate demonstration in your city.

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A model is a simplified version of reality used to help people unden)mr k zm)vl(3 qf2ft3rstand complex w vt3)(z3mrfn2lm kqf)orkings.
Identify which items on the following list could best be described as models.

I. The human body
II. An office building
III. The atom
IV. The solar system

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Two mesocosms for investigachs v 66c mvv7t,l*w bx5i+l*hting an aquatic food chain




Identify the correct description for the mesocosms shown in the Figure.What is Mesocosm 1?What is Mesocosm 2?

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the statement about a systems dkbjf3vfxb m wn+460 q48johy ,iagram that is true.

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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: A simplified zykneh 18)v(+4jj2 zpn )h;iis 0mfylmodel of the carbon cycle




In the model of the carbon cycle shown in the Figure, identify the flows or processes which increase the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: A systems model for developing an environgr .(v zx2e4-jgs,gt7oupk* fmental value system





Identify which of the following best represents stage II in the development of an environmental value system as represented in the system diagram in the Figure.

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify which of the following is not true.k o i,ik +-ljhrl15jp of a systems diagram?

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Movement of 6gteeabrx,npr9z*0e( ,:l c gcarbon through the carbon cycle





[Source: Saff, K. (2008, May 30). Filecycle-cute diagram.jpeg. Wikipedia Commons. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.svg. Copyright free]Distinguish between transfers and transformations of carbon on the diagram of the carbon cycle.what is l. ll?

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Systems diagram of a tx4cfl-bu/al k5/ku4kb g(zi /ree

Deduce the processes represented by the flows of matter in the Figure.

I.RespirationII. Photosynthesis
III. Evapotranspiration
IV. Absorption

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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Effect of sea level rise on the carbon sequestration oh)ks u+ ,,gmxhf a salt marsh





[Source: Adapted from Tanner, Katherine, and Aaron L. Strong. (March, 2023) Assessing the Impact of Future Sea Level Rise on Blue Carbon Ecosystem Services on Long Island, New York. Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4733. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from doi.org/10.3390/su15064733. CC0 4.0]
The model in the Figure shows how sea level changes in a salt marsh area could affect the sequestration (capture) of carbon in the coming years. Data collected over the years have been used to make a prediction on the rise of sea levels in the near future and how it can decrease the capture of carbon.
Outline the disadvantages of using models like the one shown to make predictions.

I. Models do not accommodate all the factors involved.
II. Models use data that may not be the most accurate.
III. Models are oversimplified for understanding and therefore misleading.

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Systems diagram of a tree . what it Input ,Output y+ hntp0b3f)h ,Both input andpby0 +hft)3nh output?



Identify the inputs and outputs of matter and energy for a tree.
I. Water
II. Sunlight
III. Heat
IV. $CO_2$
​V. O2






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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/14) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify which of the follwwzyf h7mbt -)lu )--2*lrai uowing is an example of transformation.

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/6) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
第 3 题组 (共 6 题 6 分)
  what is Positive feedback ://bi1v; sphbpjno7r loops...;Negative feedback loops...?

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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/6) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  State which of the following ipd 8tnubg;we+/6i 7vos likely to lead an ecosystem to a tipping point.

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/6) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Population densities oh:yftc :,ikp*b8 9 bhpf a predator and its prey




[Source: Adapted from Hczam (March 2020) File: predator prey.jpg - wikimedia commons A generalized graph of a predator-prey population density cycle. Retrieved June 18,2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Predator_prey_curve.png Copyright under CC0 4.0]
The Figure shows the population density cycles of a predator and prey. Describe the relationship between the two animals.

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/6) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  ldentify which of the following options about feedback is not co2 vhfpv)rh,9a: 3s(c6tp yjbc+nw m (t71t ukzrrectly paired with th9t7zr b(vakcp3hc6+(, jtvn:2spwuftm1 h y) e example?

what is Feedback cycles; Example?

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/6) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the stage in succession / xu a9u8tkl+ixv6(rkf; j-tuthat is most likely to show resilience and the ability to witha(/tuj 6xiu-9ftl;kx ruk +8vstand changes.

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36#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/6) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Determine which of the following sequences is an example of a 7mdq kkx1.dz)k g65icnegative feedback mechand)mx k6kd75 .qgc1izkism.

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
第 4 题组 (共 11 题 11 分)
  State which of the fol 8 jotut nsd (xr5ft4xx7p5,:tlowing is not accomplished by an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA7,rf(8 5jxnt :otpsx xtd 45ut).

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In a small wooded area, trees are cut in rotation in differe5h9 ttt *htr29u fp b7aisryc5t 0;sa7nt sections of the area depending on the type of wood anpt57fsahybt t2ttr* s0 r7;c 9h9u5ia d their growth rate. If the biomass of the woods is 20,000 kg at the start of one year and the following year it is 24,000 kg, calculate the sustainable yield.

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the aspect that does not define sr w-pyiu ko;p:63jz5uustainability.

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following wou 8rs*;dcm+u (ero4yatld not fall under the classification of ecological goodr ;ryt soe8*c(mu4d a+s that can produce natural capital?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Our planet




[Earth illustration, sustainability, energy, Globe, Renewable, Earth, world, humanity, together, population. (n.d.) Pxfuel. Retrieved July 14, 2023, from https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-ehpza. Copyright free.]Explain the concept of sustainable development.

I. Any development in a country or society that will bring about the reduction of natural capital is not sustainable.
II. Sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations.
III. Any development that increases the ecological footprint (EF) of a population is not considered sustainable.

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Environmental capaci: pl q wftfa3l7t+vucz0,mcg1b:h d39ty vs. resource consumption




Identify which following terms best describes the difference indicated by the yellow arrow:

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) is usually carried out beeiv-q )8z6e9mj lp mp1fore a major construcp- e8 vi)9l1zemjm q6ption project is undertaken. Outline the basic structure of an EIA.

I. Baseline studies to help monitor changes in the future.
II. Assessment of the social, economic and environmental impacts of the project in the long term.
III. Directions to observe indirect impacts of the project.

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Average per capit tp2j8 /qcw7vka $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014

what is Luxembourg (tonnes) ; Brazil (tonnes)?


[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]
The estimated population of Luxembourg is 640,000, while Brazil is estimated at 214 million. Using these estimates and the Figure above, calculate the total $CO_2$ emissions in tonnes for both countries.

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the option imz n cq)*pob:4n which the factor is not correctly paired with how it affects sust)*c:b4zo pnmqainability.
what is Factor ;How it affects sustainability?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the factor that is not a way to increakl7mq(1q 3oc)erai4 lse sustainability.

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/11) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Average per capgcly glw; /+r6 i dbfsu5,9 u: .x3qi7stlv5xqita $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014



[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]Suggest which of the following statements are supported by the information in the graph.
I. China and the U.S. had low $CO_2$ emissions between 2010 and 2014.
II. Brazil and Luxembourg had high $CO_2$emissions between 2010 and 2014.
III. France and Spain had the same amount of $CO_2$ emissions due to deforestation for food production during that time.

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
第 5 题组 (共 10 题 10 分)
  Identify which of the following is not considered a pollut:h-jyt,mr ua i m(jm0bf j5h7m54i c*yant.

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Death rates from outdoor pollution vs. GDP ppy5lm 6)*e/2 xj,m 7 nh(vw1eng rrv:byr/ygmer capita 2019


[Source: Outdoor Air Pollution (2019) OurWorldindata.org. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution. CC BY 4.0]
Using the Figure, identify which country had the largest GDP per capita (income per person) in 2019.

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Identify the method that is not a direct method of measuring pg*at7 j a1g6v3vu*kv (u0xcjtollution.

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51#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In 1984 the Union Carbide plant in Bhopev1p zv;r4s52h ntzu5:-gynxal, India, released vast amounts of methyl isocyanate gas into the air. Thousands of people died in the firps n1ve5vuz2-4;yz:txg5n hr st few days after the disaster.
State the type of pollution that occurred.
what is Source ;Effect of pollution?

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  State which row does not correctly match the term and the stk:i 3h :m9amexample.
what is Term ;Example?

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  List the statements that are true about Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroc3jy*q j vtkge7zm*1 ,ethane (DDT):
I. DDT has saved millions of lives in the battle against malaria.
II. DDT is biomagnified along a food chain but does not bioaccumulate.
III. DDT is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has been used effectively as an insecticideI.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Average per capj9)88ht tq*ssd c q wp6(uvou5jh;0apita $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014
what is Luxembourg (tonnes) ;Brazil (tonnes)?







[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]
The estimated population of Luxembourg is 640,000, while Brazil is estimated at 214 million. Using these estimates and the Figure above, calculate the total
CO2 emissions in tonnes for both countries.

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Levels of zinc in seawate/y31x+gbww3 m4g uvji -/ukxyr at Palmira Beach







[Source: adapted from Tovar-Sanchez, A., et al. (2013) Sunscreen products as emerging pollutants in coastal waters.
PLoS ONE,8(6). Retrieved June 1, 2023 from https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065451. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
Some sunscreens contain chemicals such as zinc (Zn) that may be toxic to some marine life. The figure shows the concentration of zinc found in the seawater at Palmira Beach on Majorca Island over the course of a day.
Suggest the most likely conclusion that could be made from this graph.

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Death rates from outdoor pollua3*jvm )l/v6 pjutq e/ )dvt4ytion vs. GDP per capita 2019




[Source: Outdoor Air Pollution (2019) OurWorldindata.org. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution. CC BY 4.0]
The population of Egypt was approximately 100 million in 2019. Calculate approximately how many people in Egypt died from outdoor air pollution in that year.

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/10) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure: Average per capisy.0ajq+tc*pseg* h /ta $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014






[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]Suggest which of the following statements are supported by the information in the graph.
I. China and the U.S. had low $CO_2$ emissions between 2010 and 2014.
II. Brazil and Luxembourg had high $CO_2$emissions between 2010 and 2014.III. France and Spain had the same amount of $CO_2$ emissions due to deforestation for food production during that time.

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