Central banks usually have all of the followingl.ii/* h,q siy goals except:

  Which of the following is ay85jw 2byxoxvahq9oppo p4 g2c7 2-f+ strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating dmz6dxe 1poz5+ oq fha5-/:qrt igital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts heotf-5 mro1e:q/d65 hz +zaqxpld with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with holdb2jp j 8a/s4xca)0sq ming money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strength of monetas/*+sswj)xq.k scz e4 ry policysx* s+./q)wc4s esk zj:

  The following statements are tr8a vb (mf2xh/jue except:

  Which of the following is an example of c*8a6jh2zhvb uj/ikjxv1m ,q)sx x.a9urrent expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve ryjisc8 * +;0;tebti sgequirement) in Iran stab8 s0*itg ye jsc;i;t+nds at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to incr-tz :mn04j. rl c-a7bvx q(izoease the money supply; select which of the following options below the 7 40cm--:.v (rnblz otaxqzjiECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation o2 tgnwi a9 1 s.4nz-a ,xiz+nd/mapd+bf expansionary fiscal pxsd+zp.9-a 4ibgw2i t a z/amnn,d+1 nolicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate reason fo5kqs4 axd3)c claypcwk /4:x;r the central bank to iq5c sc akpa3wyl)/:d4k;cxx4ncrease the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions would most eo 5 p)lcapzsrf9u: 4;*tceu, x:ydj5lffectively close an inflp ;t,4l:c5 y9 dxpuo*rz:s5jaeu lf )cationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is t9e+ xw.w. tzwcrue of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following a (pa .ans/l4,, muw+6uzbraumay result from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income from a1.1gwl x uo reqo)c5t4 $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of)fo+4tf,z hz*0+/* j k geu;m oqvhehc a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising iztez+,hfqfe ohuv /) mk g;co**+04hj nterest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap