Central banks usually have all of the jh7qg1 8si,qo following goals except:

  Which of the following is a strength* plv1sl5 vf;f of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing long-term gohx7 w(3hcxe*(aede m 7g ;nw4overnment securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the comme*a77;wnom(x 3 e(h edghxc4wercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand inzwg4vbm 7t /uwf5)8h5iy a-cs economics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not c7mlq,mv 89c rmonsidered to be a strength of monetary,m m7qlrm9c v8 policy:

  The following statements ao opnt9j2xf)1 re true except:

  Which of the following i c/c r7qa0w4:deg6 34h zq7unmphib7vs an example of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reservmdzzlfu); :m 83uvx g -x,wk*qe requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calcul-3x) wvzu;,m:*8g mlzxfq udkate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Cen1 2iexn3. dapha/r4qr tral Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money supply; select which phed. iraa41 r2/3nxqof the following options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation of expansionary fisgs+ ,:zc fhaf3cal polichf : sg3+az,fcy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate reank x a5qtf js+-z/8-tqxwof8p.da2 /wson for the central bank x q/-p+fox /tnafsjqtk-8 z8 w. 2ad5wto increase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actionss gd:mp29 slm6pq23 zs would most effectively close an i q l9m2 p3s:mpsgds26znflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements tq vd8ee l.0*yis true of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained bud qvnefw) vawv677 *1slbm*ln,get deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national incomee+v i ;d84z;vrrlve;akezv9 1 from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contractg lwgyopoztkj.np;9j 4( 0/u- ionary monetary policy which involvtz(/gpnu k4olpgw;-o9. yj0jes raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap