1. Which of the following are roles of stem cells in living orghx.pq14/mrwg47b4;w afb 4zjq+ mwuuanisms?
I. Growth of new organs.
II. Replacement of damaged cells.
III. Production of cells which could differentiate.
IV. Produce new stem cells by mitosis.

  2. Which of the follok2z :i,b* pk a3 mrs81k57yn ceqjd3tkwing correctly describe the differentiated cells in an individual plant such as the golden barrel cactusbarrel (Echinocactus grusonii) shown in the image?8kak3zsprnicbdt2kq1,j e 5 :73 m*ky

  3. What are essential properties of sbsw/fqiz )ow5*5 /thqtem cells?

  4. What is the cause of p( *nhfq off+ylhfd5oqg8j j 6+ .qdo .s76jx:stem cells differentiating along different pathways to pxl *hy 5q .(f:qd+odjfn 66.pfsoj+78jq og hfroduce a variety of differentiated cells?

a. Use the graph to estimate the volume of a liver q94wwvz51 xhycell.

b. The image is of cardii j;u0y , vn/atvv1 f(ifap3 xg2tq+g7ac muscle.

Cardiac muscle cells have a mean length of 100 µm and an estimated volume of 8000 µm3.
Explain why the cell length and volume ratios are not constant for all cell types.

c. Suggest one reason why a h2*b pvygk.,f auman ovum has specialized to have a large volume.

d. Estimate the mean length of a cell with a volume of 1000 µm3 using the tre- th/ ;gx2rpjund line hrxu-gt 2 ;p/jon the graph.

e. The horizontal error bars represejha5u-z*/p qr nt standard deviation. Suggest what the standard d *j-u aqrhp5/zeviation signifies.

f. Simplified models are commonly used to investig xd, egp0*8d/lfe 0(rlm 2hgjxate scientific phenomena.
Outline the limitations in the use of a sphere to model surface area to volume ratio in cells.

6. Using examples from human tissues, distinguish between pluripou.5qb,1acjiyd 3ivo )tent, totipotent and multipotenco, 31j ab5ividu)y q.t stem cells.

7. Explain the role of stem cells in a multicell/p./+re xjty.,attl yular organism.

(a) Explain why a large surface arese+(w phngm 9oe 8l8ruoeozo/ ;8k-g:a to volume ratio can increase cell efficiency.( oogu8negm-w 98hpreelo+8 osz k:;/

(b) Describe, using two specific examples, how cell y i 8t,kyryk7:adaptation can increase surface area to volume riy7t ,k r8y:ykatio in a specialised cell.

(c) Many tissues found in ojn 80exek cgk3+y/ mz5lj1c4plants are compound tissues, such as phloem tissue shown in the image. Phloem tissue transports organic nutrients from their site of production (often,cnjy 8 m4g0ezx+jc5/ol1 kke3 the leaf) to sites of storage or metabolism (often flowers or roots)

Compound tissues consist of several different cell types, simple tissues of only one cell type.
Outline why many tissues in multicellular organisms have more than one cell type in the tissue