1. Which of the follow,w1 o k2txw v92uzjmr5ing could be part of the description of a forest habitat on a 22 ,xr5ovumw9tjkz1w mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions-ku e,krd ; cpy97u.wi required for coral reef formation in an ocee;7cyw -u9i,.r kpkd uan?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following n1 *hw jv7xge u 2rup)2bm4f;iis a correct feature of a tundra biome but not for a taiga bb2h ;pu2 1n e*wium7gf) rj4xviome?

  4. What is the best description of the limrsx 4 +jo+egdy za0idh4:h d+9its of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densitgi 1iv;lkbvyw11k3 9hy

(c) Leaves at the top of 3vo 0dp+vg /+d,9p*lmptb (zfrl kqk1tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of the type of tu -tvmq66x*3:lie vleinz +i9x+wsk3errestriaew*ei3si6 9+v vuklxx-im3+6qt l :z nl biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied byexic,pillu/j h; 2a-a3 2l-h e one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this c eji hu2hx-p -i/ae3al,ll;2 change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the prot/ /:dwy6qyyp f.5w cmby5kfo8ected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant specied p5c8ok:fyy/ /6yw qbyw.5mfs. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being consumed by her:af e(oe, wyv2l9omf/ g3zf+bbivorous animals+3m2 a 9 glzffeyoo/vfewb ,:(.