1. Which of the following could be part of the description ofku0h ,3ux 0ioqf*k erona.47d;)ua ot a forest habitat on a moux0o) *hqri3.da,; on k0kaufut4e o7 untain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef formatioh 1m(qw(jv9s)j)j ch j p(g(e*zkg7vzn in an ocea(1)vephj(( )h(vks7jqg9 m jc gzzjw*n?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is z/nox xo*gpgp030 p q,ud-sb,a correct feature of a tundra biome but not for a taiga bio,zgun,x *sx /doppb0- pq30g ome?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of tolerance of a specilb 8x jz(r: /w3pjak-xes?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densit0 cmkb+hrcw9wj;z xw(x3+z* 88fndmn y

(c) Leaves at the top of tall qoj2/sf 1r/+ycnbeu c lu8 i1ja.jy7- stems.

(a) List the two abiotic fac/hx l+az*0wgte1j;az tors that are the determinants of the type of terrestril+0z;hez a1wtg* x/jaal biome.

(b) Suggest one examyt8t- :khyagcj 9*ih /ple of an area occupied by one these biomes that may change y hyh9*c-j ik8:ga/tt due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the protected anu3h je5t252.gqkh s6twnf0 l reas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a h ejt0 .5qftk22snuwhg6nh 5 3lostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being consumed by herbivorous u,pbz2ixcf+k9z . z n-q1n7vganimals. bkz,7izfu12p xnzc+q.-g vn 9