Define total fertility rate (TFR) q0ak+pqb t(/8drjz+by; p:o m.

  Outline the change which is most likely to cause a po0icvvk1* h b;8f lk9blpulation to move from stage 1 to stage 2 of the demov hv8 *c09;blk 1bflkigraphic transition model.

  Figure: Population statistics for countries R a-rz*qcqsqee -ar)23zln+ fk.nd V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 - popu (k 8s1. smuoj7(+ o7+ adxkcvuvff5wplation 20,570,000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55% of the human population lived in cities. Thtr-(e8 xe2 6/eoaaqs xis percentage is expected to groa2-s(x6 x 8qae/rteeo w to 68% by 2050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil Degrallv ,r8y5yty ,a +no4qdation

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file on human m 1 cz.53bknsc gcm*9z,ix3impopulation

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countries 1951 ty)s,5+ mnvh7vd f/znlo 2021

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countries 1951 to 2(v:n ahe;a/m c021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate and the crude deatkifmq- f) 9,owaant0 zs7(s5th rate are influenced by a range of factors. t7)wsatiofq f5, za9 m s(k0-n

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the following is not part of the theories of bot( pmf3hms3d)f 3e*j cch Malthus and Bos*cph fdm3(me3cf3j )serup.

  State which of the following is an exampleijltujjs /g+-f ;)( x *b,lpbo;f jox. of a cultural factor influencing popul(jf. iojg )o-t/+p l*;;xbx,buj sjlfation growth.

  Figure: Population pyramid graph for Eswatini (201x9lgd ;pbw-bf9* sh .9yr ;taqhxsstx(8c 62c7)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.