Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat energ8r za pn/g6gx2y?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of wu/f vmn3f .1gvater by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is referreds0a vk3s77ukx;8-ek m vx7 izk tokisu -37;a7vekzm8 0xkxkv7s as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the7yq u:ha9r/v+ti1cqp p x-9dw temperature T and the internal energy U of the water,/q9t 1h79 vq+ cipxw-ra:dup y in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal8 :5,khzbpe: g(azlyc gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compresu9b))s) ug m.qexba, vsed until its volume is half the initial volume, and the9gvb.uaq)uxb) s,e )mn it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energymkm 35* p)t2r-6;wtatdhobi6 h d kfl0 U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temp;j. *qgrjcaijb; p-** ponn5x eratures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacit dkrxx r2/ :r6dbsb)*hy than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. 62 sbr* rkbr d:d)h/xxWhich statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of hocig; / en9i;cs(-zex 6-zoc aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aoecog(z/i-e x-9z c;6nsc ih ;luminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid 0(k o)zwu-n(4jnponmt3l j: o9i,d rvstate is referred to asi:(dr 0n4v- m( l9joo3on,kpujtz w)n the

  The heat required to change a substang/ la1by75 s ,qabfi2fce from the liquid to the vapor state is referre,b/5l2 abgqi 7fay fs1d to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steeg-q+ j4 )ccoze55qjx-aj uw*4f br8qg2k;koady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezey 5gat*wk .,dd:vp5 p,zxbq7as

  When a liquid evaporatesu nxyk syb*.0fh66rr ;

  When a vapor condensvk0txn: bh5t/es

  In a cloud formation, wats 3t4i1 6golenof3kd0er vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air ios4tlig6 0 kd1o3 3fnen the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling w m1:ch2;h*ghq dl0quuv:sz 9 aater causes

  Equal masses of water atyohl7m )yf.1om:- hjp $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat 5ap2:p6 qhx hcq(oi km:s(-jcflows by means of molecular collisions is referred to as x -mqh6( i(o5s:c kc:happqj2

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end onkobe-via; q (q.*f9r4amji7bnm3/ gf an iron bar become hot when the other end is p 4 vqi(*mnia9r -gmjqob./ 7ebf;a3nklaced in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than w- :czt5g9 db w5m( neo*9wrria piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the followingd(zrc rnmbo*t:9-5wgwwi5e9 physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, thqots ;1+g9pd ve rate of heat loss for a given temperature differenc qgt+;sv 91opde across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is place+. yamv 7thwee3;0zo66b hlxwd on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. y;hle.7w 3 0v+two emz6habx6 The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass mov f :+(ylih6nxyement of molecules from one place to anothe6hxynf+(yi l :r is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated onjo,r*k/ a n5jm a stove?

  Convection can occur4*lipi7ebhd *+eok5 l

  Which of the following best explains )av/v;bjo;soi3x 0 ;)vt. gypeujd ,kwhy sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable body esvxu ;v). /iavbjt g; oy)30o,;kjdptemperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an er 2 q(ukxg :;geyu0u*onvironment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by a0:;x eg( uoky uug2*qrn electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses buil48 d ok (++fqob3v21ouno 7( isfgsbjxt from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height ofs2i b gxo4fov(fk qn(b+8jod1+3 s7uo the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a +e3- b;uk 918 cftljyxfyi 2udradiator is doubled, by what factor does the ra +yi bu kftc391eu-2;ldj8y fxdiating power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any mesl7vta.g j l65mro4w) 5fzoi1dium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transjj3(.v ;gy -jebuuz4zfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how mulhqv* s 1oa-ys6. lzg)ch heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is e:ps7whij 4u; pquivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lea 6obatcm z 6;mm:w/j/pd ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting tod ,laxyp+wx1o 67 7-gwiwb t7emperature change?dw7toig a6b7yl1ww,+ 7pxox -

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block iszb1c 7s ttw+u- originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the tempehnax0 l4kl)tm/r 9s fr)dr +;trature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her baejo 2tiw 1z6j;,oz 0ugth water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron andd36h,ylp6mk3fls em h0(vj 5lmq (oy; 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the yd, mmlyj6q(6k fh e;l hsmv( 35pl3o0gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal isu2e 3c vku6;t4zw,gpxnsii17g2t ar7 heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of coz .j n2h*:iin4qxmt4jpper, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material 8u okv2vtf *(bat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make c: r;iu7r3z6clxxxvt ..f 9/a 4qykup up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initiack.u/7f ta cx9y64r;pxrz uxl.qvi :3l temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships bet ua:t*xi)jknk: om* p1ween various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertitm 1)*pi kjk x:uoa*n:cal drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming tha( kdb9(i1b ;4mem jtlqqw5(hc t all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what1m;mejcl t(5(q9hq k ibwd(4 b temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Asstkyv7r* 6y p/iuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat watyv k6iyr7 /p*ter in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will iiryq03/ eq tu/veh on (x/7o+kt take to heat 20 kg of water nkv +(73tyh/ roiqx/ e/oque0from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mt5k.zzo +5 qbat:o vh,ass 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blademw* tg .npfzjbf*,io0z wm1 :, (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam l02evpt* y) uhfq19p cto change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is requhtx2 jn e3nqme x)a2avp(.x8 (ej:hk-ired to melt 20xe-tn 2pvaaj2. je xm(kh()hnq 8e: 3x0 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to chan, i:rhk2a wz sc o-udyp)(4+sfge 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100 g s *-n q6e0opn8;qlifkof $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of icemehm brw 3f9::k1c ;/z bpkb,e is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of watercgs-m f7.8l au initially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at f1o/lvy6 h e 8q-;k(akwruyh3$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10m 8kjlr t:kra.k;lx98z8. vd0ytf zv* kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one griki tk(1 yhy5r0 e-t4tam of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g oftb8tq; jbq ,zh 78:rul $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice tsx,o 4 j4xj.iq/ae7my1+ohm h o 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead isgyy3tp-*j 35xel ouy g5 m4cp( 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its me yj-tygy5 (3p45pxmc*l oeu3glting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of oq s7kzns6c(ha*m);wjnkp *)concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is treu,p04qp1j 2fjsm; v.ja h y0wice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of t.0 2 p1p4rq,;ujvfje mh0as jyhe brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thl3 dxw:vzd;uo9jy35d p0d32iw m8hhn ick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperalj9yh2 w:33hv0duod8dwin 3xpm d5 z;ture is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimegzrbr ( 8w(v1:ogeevpgz0 f6 ;nsions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tw(eer6 rvf0g1:(pggb; vo zz8emperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m sm8(u c j;krz;xe5j ba:ection of concrete jec; uzx;5:kb m(rja8($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of h. ayv +vjnw9it e081,adropc9z1h jb7il9d(m eat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost t mcu)aq/lpuo );c*/askxj40v hrough a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is mf zb l(h3t72ljonitored by measuring the radiant power emitted throu(tl7 3zh2jflbgh a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating enerktx .+crqd)8dm t*ep8 gy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside 5u -*gp4rggne*y q- eba solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.