Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat energy6 :bx*s .hqcrn?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by2znm 1blwah,-2nl (ii $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average ku5jl r g+1z 1-nmldh0binetic energy of individual molecules is referred to al1gm bhn+dlur-0 z51j s

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool ofm,-v; j93ewtr bsu-xw30oznk- xrx2z water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimmze3r jxw0,nrs x; ---3bm9u2xw ktzvoing pool.

  The internal energy of an 7j ghm2fm3gui, 7zt, a:no5ql ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compresseds (zvf519d; 5v j0j uowv6zxfm until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of1 j d;5svf5(xmz vju0vw6oz 9f the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U at -ky5 +p p1v5kdh;fn)s) jstvt$200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temo,q sp*rmb.)u:7 w3,vrmi itrperatures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacij0li.xv8 +vx+y7dog (f xo2vvty than iron. Now, consider equal masses ofx+x28l fvx0(v 7g.v+oyo jvid water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a gkfohk f /0dvn 52k- a(ri;n/rhot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. T0n;f/f/ ar-igk2ko( h n rkd5vhe specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the dg7qr;9s)j csowu ney /52ovj2g dn94solid to the liquid state is referred to 9ryqd4n)9 s;25 gnuvsc / jg2jdo7ewoas the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapoz2k:bbnh5oa5)v.w pm r state is referred to .)mha55o2k bz:vpb nw as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a ap. crxiv k+** s4x ti,z/h-gjfqw 1w;steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes09rjac.q nxav 5.c- ol

  When a liquid evaporate 8z9nn0pmzd**o(uo1ckiv c:j* apr:xs

  When a vapor condensef +)zdor 50anf3xh:j fs

  In a cloud formation, watecq/:v1 qo6u6( jtc0 vs (lphxor vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperaturec0v6lo( h6c1:pou sqx v(t/qj of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of vk)3 .xji1aifboiling water causes

  Equal masses of water a *7h4z;j aomcu3gkvdms; ;r 7ujbmt2/t $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby flebi9m3, aw08h zz+zxdrzq0e /kz /7heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to a lf9z 8zrie,m z a0 0//e3hzbd7+xzkwqs

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar /huyhau a;-, 8 amgp5ibecome hot when the other end is pym5,hig-hu aau;p a8/ laced in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than t -fjpl6p2si. a piece of wood. Thi p6jtifl.-2sp s is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, theb)fk5p.f*x fd mv4u8ov qql (4 rate of heaq4( u om*4 5xd fv)pvlfq.b8kft loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a os u ;,7b.knk:1ot qqslayer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivittun1; osqk,bks. :q 7oy of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of moleculek9o * :w*j (w.adnrxars from one place to another is referred to k x *aoa9dw nrwr(:j*.as

  By what primary heat transfe xp. 46n+vk:h(n2 c cobf0spvqr mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur ,bt:, :iu3qjnnvs o,j

  Which of the following best explavy oco2q), f+u*u6zbc ins why sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable body fqzc )u,u 6bcy* o2v+otemperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gravi2xp ,ud 9gz58d)s ssxqty is essentially zero. As t,z pd)xs5x dq28gss9u he air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same materials. Onw4g x0io a -gyq/7p,vze of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the g4,wg az0i p-y/qov7xsmall house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doublnd9lja,;mp6 (ituuu8 y j w0z(ed, by what factor does the radiating power chapmau zlu8((06j9,dti;n u j wynge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred 8 (kj2ygqen9cto as

  By what primary heat t3p75(uz,c ejh zaajnt/ d ayul+;t3 )yp,o,qlransfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much heat?wibr vq2jpm8 zs89g8l0h/3lk

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much w -0d,quc cui,(9 pequaork?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lebeoni y 62o-)q3gvxv4ad ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting t02svvty94:aib hpal7e65e pf emperature y4 s9velp5a i6v2h7af:e0 ptb change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is orjozszky tiuo/ -7t806 iginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises th e0za9 61 g wlxa8 rw.t5(wt)zt(jnhhde temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water byui hez0x42ghd m-0 wycg h/u74 adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists ooy-pjo9 b+ 0q4 )xddfwf 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the tempera dojpx40woy9 -)dqfb+ture increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated to xv;y6k:n(5sju,wr g nvo z: z;$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initi3jyq8nvgh d;scb.p 3-ally at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at) b m64wd+tpu*vc,jmj $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isozkte7;s1v38dq cdrv wh7r0 zh7p:ma ;lated from its surroundiz03prtzhq;;wa7m8 crhvv: ds 7ked17ngs. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attemptem c;x 5*yfp:7l n(n-lp5hvkvkd to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen dkk-hmp 5c l5 ;pf:n vy*(lv7nxown a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assumin+yg w jb1;gg)pk ;h65obo)e lmq93efcg that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperatj; ckeqo )ylg 9og3h+pe5g;m f) 6bw1bure does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water helt(6 ip-jlh+rater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would irt p l(jihl-6+t take to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is use9ey0pw ; jjtf*d to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water fj9 *ep 0wjfyt;rom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1001(+bv.ty4 ccz jx yvc)0 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife 4ny; kislu q. 7did-nzgu67f)blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change ito23sbkafi;sg 8hfjpvl tx5s0 9.c9l8 to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of f3ym ap383ah 9b:q.bzrj/zhb lusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of ibjzr /qa3:p.h9hyzl83a 3 m bbce?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg ofxoz5 ami*xh3x8(u4 up ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs (jhj, ulwlu l/+qt0fd53u n.4t8 h- rf ns8ctjto be removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kc0 w2 ps 7:y.:gcaw0.cdly pabfal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initials6dkzm (*np qx3jua8hl 3ma /8ly at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at bv) : gzwmp:a7$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is nee8 vb ;m2s uz/vo6ivg l;9xb)lgded to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one p sb:8dog)qi0weqs5 r oayk7 .dq6;q0gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requxx6nfol8)+l6 eexg+ qired to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice teaad1/fhj. qp8-j 0cz wb by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vapori-ta ruu y+*x)uzation is 207 kcal/kg, and)urxu*-a yt +u its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrzfisl 6.pm8k 5ete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is tw/xopt4v6t-y of vn0 d/ice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintavd6 on4/fvt-y0t opx/ ined at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thickf qyeid.q f7u335hz6*vq0* h-chnh at has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatureh* hv.en6 -*fqizcud3 ha73yt5f 0qqh is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimen;zap wc/fbnk5 -xe5 ,,blp :apsions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside teafbp p-;lbkz,n/p,e xw :5ac 5mperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 hq(rq5hufegq+x:,tbw( jukmu(i) ) , m x 2.0 m section of concrete q ,((hf ib w5th:)k(jmqug rq,eu+x)u($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to trans6pwo.qjf4 ik 5e ch+ w sr+j9y9h0yd5tfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heatsq8++7zf6 awnbmjyo 8 is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steelp51adcu9r81-pzf xa zbwau ru(*+kz8, the temperature is monitored by measuk z5+p(puar*8c fu 9 rxzz a-8d1bauw1ring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the humxoe-rof/f8- w. nhs0jf:4 moran body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collectormq9wpo4s d; hnax:e exv 7o d8dycc3-)kn9+z0 (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.