The process shown on the fjj .*9oma kogc937wmT-V graph is an

  In an isothermal proc60mhm b2-n 7fw9bhltkf-6rn( ytj5nm ess, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermoda,vm9c3pk. i aynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its originatmu52i ilr(yrt (99 xwl volume with no change in its temperature. This m(r lyt2r(59iti xwu9 process is

  An ideal gas is comp iad nlgscmrdmms,+(:t(z4 .) ressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. Wt c.( sdrld )+a:mmn(s i4gmz,hat is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during - qd ufcy-1, 0gt;(cdry7igwb an isothermal process. The fiftrgc y qgb1u7d c0,-wdy;-i(nal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process):lugeag/ 3* mqiq +eja2iy, qy)gi0v, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that ei2v0 q i):yqug )gmlig/ae+*3aeqj y, xpanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event ,a1ve z:hqo -sn,v xczv)36 jvdqc-t,, the gavtv dzx:3-vq, )sv,6eqja -1 co,nchzs exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of lt(s*/g+cz n+1ez lg- z dm6 m.1qnbecthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tsb r/8i8sf: myh6-jw) t:g*mfhj/ zxk o one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fi)wy8 bfxzk :jh-m/g f*/hrt 6sm8: isjnal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respecrowc0w :f.;nnrm7d,t 7mrnc4 p ty(g.x9lym;ts except that one contains x rwmo(ycnyfw97n gt7trmmc;n:l4, dp. . ; 0r$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except tha/ivs z) it b7j81vkv8ut one contains s iv8j8 )tv1kz7vbi/u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on/gej zk wmro n+/+qeoqn245,j the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is nk (yq9of) zkd;5. m- yfeiqw2bo change in

  When the first law of thermod i t5.9weip-qq8ma d,lu:5sqr;+zbma ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added t6+sqr g)eoxax; /7 biou) c9bco it. This procxi 6;/x b7)oo+c aec9sugrqb)ess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are tra;o..hjjl ls. enm 4y2mnsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the in.y.johjnlls;mem4 . 2ternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is /:7oxn7 ym- k, t,iobknzo k7l

  In an isochoric process, there is no chas ex0svgy n-9nut5( 8rnge in

  When the first law of thermok.,f n leo :ho 0i.usr,p6ht-cdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a ri ma;lj3)az zh b*.xkj:hv9, vqgid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to )h.ah9mzvx3 kv, *:bqla; jjz it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are j7w 7tm/c qmj1 -dzkof 5z1kkio5 aa+)transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a resu k c+w/ km7ik m 5fjz7a5qodz1o-1t)ajlt, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodyna0ziebyl3vn)+b*7ov s mics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reserv2ptixj ,ov.*5z h5kp coir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot resexynyb i;9 6xo2rvoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according3l6v vju*-b vw1 crb;i to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Duri45 7kvkh r+3fwinwk.-fvpbs0 ng one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cfk50nk vr4 f wikwvs3bp-7 .+hycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine i(n nz,3 xxhi;gs defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sm+-ai0 k expv1ink must ai mxvk01-pe+ be

  A Carnot cycle consi wotgd +fs;oi0 9t;y5psts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of q wy8;deot a:4thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is define/bh-hwz rp3i /d as the ratio of b /iprz3h/-hw

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a homy:9 )yonq9f eat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, 3bw8m1g,wt:r su3 6hofs8mz o the entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any procesn, ss)en; zdg7 xx6ua,s that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices applie axxe;g6ud ,,)sn7 zsns?

Give a general statement of the second law ofi u+ i7,uptd,9/s,yrdcux6mb+ge8z f thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads ;hqkvcxlzy*nlr7 4 56us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an i twlid5w. i/4 nxt:w97 k1mkdadeal gas. What is :9.i5/ md 41wkkatwid 7nltxwthe change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removedps,qwmm:c0s * u m.ycb d8u69-;f vxww from an ideal gas. What is the workxfc u;.scmu9w08pw -q,* 6 yws:dmmvb done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Wz 3kw m5n9-n o4/dnf*1 dusmwohat is sow nwud 935zo4f -dn1 *mmkn/the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What a:li9wr *sg**bbm*d+l+qs kpk 69 tweis the change in inpb+6mr*bs dlq ikwelw+g99*a*:t k s *ternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of workr o:sm8gf2m 4vcm:q6 e. What is the change in interna6o fmg:m2m 4qvce8:rsl energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal eni, w3 )b* gwq *fvpassd6b8s6iergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work donef as8i bips6s,g)3 d6vwq **wb?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sy l/ns+l* gsxh-stem decreases by 50 J. What is the sn+lxhg*s /l- heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it i5fuit w s1 *f*uqkc6u1s cooled by 50 K. Tuq*uk5u6f1 1*iftscwhis feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wh u 1)6)n sz k. mstxwe.8+qahd/x*xpcuen 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mole+q/ sm1asz. 8xw*h 6dkx.tuc)xnup )es of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.d vxz7j6bz1e .0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle og fe73b(,c9wez dz.m. What is the efficiency (, 7ewozezd3cfb. m9g?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pci q g )4qz,3ifte/tduz5o-t-er cycle. How much work does it perform in eaz q)5uf oittd/4 eqg,t--c zi3ch cycle?

  A heat engine has anzn )vzjp1dq -r 10.wwl/ y2qua efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eaz)0ad/ywl jnqu1qvzrw-2 1 p. ch cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorb-)2w3-n ikmmw;or ng/vwg* bsdg ux,5s 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclmbsw 3x5 w;n)id,-g*kr 2m-wngu/gvoe.

  A heat engine absorbs 61k:vnuf(4k jyeq pab 2k674os4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculat(6 yp:7noak1jq2fvkub4sk e 4 e the work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines c1eqx zpvtd(7qik51 mei( wc66l:el/built so far has the following characteristics: combus6 71/(pw6d i5t :qel mvzelqcixc(ke 1tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follojs qlqdie1 755wing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =7e5qi sl d1qj5 $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far-.-f zg gnf3eun k4iknxd zenz96651p has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = x5k kgn u.p36 gn4iz-9n6 fz-e 1fdnze$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of eg0a zb 62r,t)d et.qnalectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generat)4i z( spj( isgp*fvo8es 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr8mwgghrv 1ca/53wmi 5 ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine m7d)m;e ;.0lciihhlt which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating + a6elpi33yt ibetwe3 iea+liyt3p 6en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the co36kmp-70kcjoc fnl1; /jpzk eld reservoir 1 pfp0kk- c/lc 3jje7omz;kn6if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweencev 4w7 5ftz9r $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freez2/m8ik0m3 0cz8 ix* bjkljcqzing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work zmix3cm0 20ij8 jk8z cqb/*klis required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20ze9g*e-izy q0 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the zq9eyi0ge z-*coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation;4po g4l pj;be8pn56metd) mp, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How mu8mp6 m 4tpnplged4e jobp;) ;5ch work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt atx+ vo pv/89,rs tgbk:a $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chabut/ 7b r*iqc-nge in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expqr mo-sx 8- f8p hum,md0s0s ir6u0xfy/b5o3aansion and its entropy changes bypys8-soa f635qx dfh ur b0, xsr8-i0u0m /omm
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at navo b9( e:slr px:r:0u5 :jtm$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.