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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the vhcz ;h7 uacv +o ulvy3y6 ;.xuu*nu)ney4(-kT-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change7h/6m6 te 0phhc4 l8v.pl audg in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic1 dzdt-s) a4e(l7cqgx s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice it 4umldu1o+l/v s original volume with no change in its temperature. This pv1lm4u/+ loud rocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. .ijq6zo qs2u q5e,f 3sds/;nz During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the changeqn; s3de5 iss.qfq62 o zz/j,u of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o9sm/ly7ghx d2ce44 ke riginal volume during an isothermal process. The finad7 944elye kxm2cs h/gl pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to lz, xol87 5y dudpbu*130 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded td7l* 5ol1ub y,pdzu8xhe gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the zluj6/u ,5vi0y,y uazx0 ikw dmg7g9+ gas g,7vduxj 9z0kz/gyi wl 0,u 5 um+yi6aexchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tr qu( 7k+9 lzvky:.icnhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volum c4tmpzwv-tjm4uri16;g .bs 8e during an adiabat r6pu-c 4tzbst vim gj1w8.m4;ic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identic4x.f)9 k 78zbgwdayv val in all respects except that one contains 7vd )8gy.v 4ax9wbzfk$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in) h1v4 k5qgg) a0rbi :i9ukgiz/uj +zp all respects except that one contains+zzvpujq5:ih1iu ) gbag /gik k9 0)4r $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dia in(ddm7 6yfb c4xzj7y 9b6tf/gram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change,rt 5t/a (k/0ycqufvc in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,hy9 *,vayqwt * $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heatx p+stac,7t d (k;4uvz is added to it. This prcu (,k 4t t;avd7zx+spocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy a-mkx msx1u4z/ re transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energ-m1xkzs xu/4m y of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on d3 k f)u/.ucrsthe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proces (atc 3;u: fo g/zjr*fd0ao7uos, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamb9jw/ll zd 55jics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined toh0mpn ld26( hs a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. ldh0s(h2 6npmThis process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constaw/d) p5am u8m485s(dmm cvh oynt volume. ph(855o 8)cv dd/usmm4my wa m As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod 0 7exnu(,reodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a c 3ctk4v43obzwxv)re::dyk7. -lwm o y old reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot resesxmh7pp 4s0hffjn )z.urw)91rvoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law ofq 2 xq:v)p2ww g;*a:oemm:i jx thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrzo 6r4iv7 olc4ated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating o4 6c7ivo4zr lon this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heaeljm/o;l,6f)av uiy n4 6ss3w t engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine iyxs j-9r4lu +ut+gfj -fw+9vr25shhn s to be 100%, the heat sink must9 9snu+u+ hjr-ywr2xl5jv+f fgt4 sh - be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists or )p9g+pt nun0q(c 2(/tgz gucf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of 1 )0 aomyz6(uamu 6kz)ubcn z3thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP)urr4;:qtsfq a(b2k u0 of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofs2(bq f; urra0 :4qkut

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pxfs vw,vi3w50df++ hqy zb.v;ump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the dgo/,act,36fid 1: p1aqkdha9inw:a water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur cbk h;-sd4mph/yr*d3 within anb rysd -d4c*3/;mh phk isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the s 6tvsg58mtm jui g,r04econd law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclu2g68s8sls2fg+ sk ih lde that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal p*.ewj,pfke zihc .+/(w uj1iorocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is tf.(wej+ip/ z*whoi. ,k u1jce he change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whawn:d6.c-d; s. j hjfqpt is the work6j .dqnj w:hfd.p ;sc- done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in e z4yiim 6k-o6k4r a-jztj3r) an isothermal process is -400 J. What is4-6jtz3oi-z)yr m i kre6k4a j the change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in v s+jeql 4q7fzc8r 0h0compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in int+lj00e f 7 qhqrvzs84cernal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Whazlrk;tkof+h) 71waf,q w8;q *i ck .jrt is the change in internal e;ftk*8c k )kfa w ri1oh.rqlqwzj7;,+nergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internalk6e6ez()/hqp hd15rewpo l) w energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha wp56 ro(p h6/ehezeqkw )ld1)t is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whasuxru4wow r- a)2*7lut is the heat exc7 xlwrawu r-4)suou* 2hange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant + (b*ufe;cjgqvolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by;fcjq+eb( gu* removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is coole/ z0pmupc ,l2)x: ggl vpc* bk4pib;/jd by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. 4ipxb)/pj p *k2cl;c,/l:b0gpu z gmvHow many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water aa03qzn5;qnv ,;(nhb b7iovew nj(ic : t $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in e wodx+z2s8,6vjg:vm v/ *gvqc ach cycle. What is the efficienv,g /qxovzj6: +2wvv*cgs d8mcy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat3 ;sya8y4 tqn7; thzku per cycle. How much work does it perform in e47 t8a3nuy hs ty;zkq;ach cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an ughk2veke;kn8 md1 +)efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. ;ndg8k )+u khe21m kevHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat 4bdlntj7n-c815t +o 4btnwjt each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate thencb1 -7bn j odjtnttl5t+44w 8 efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat/mnh+(yhzb; ud+3 hsr e q27cb each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wo q27zr3e n(mhh;d/ub+hc by+srk done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient f b9 3vl2r(ac*qyb,d iengines built so far has the following characteristics: combusrday qi39*f,(lb vc2 btion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charz8vgt-kjuyf 8 ;pw9g +nc0or8acteristics: combustion chz tkcuor8g-n;9w p+y 808jfgv amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristi*9du xd;omsn+3r33) tkcazdj5y *ga tcs:t+ dymk*j5td)u33dg xro*3 ; c snaza9 combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWik6*p- smol 7e of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gey62o8 (y1lced avu eg8nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600fae2/fb+h :wr MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an ,n(3,xg- wodppu zy m9 i,bw73p +ngxwengine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible fb9vx:c5j i0q*h 9ahe ux1vb+h or an engine operating between*991vhi0c eu bav+hjbxh5:qx $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnoz eee2u01(9-e kk f)dmg,w vazt engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is 1k, ude 20)e fweae(vzk -zg9m$500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betd uvjb:, )bl;gween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removeaq0i8w h (6qtav-p8 fo)l9-n.dn hvbms heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?fnhbal-m6 q8i89(hod )v.n av0 tw pq-

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from jehdf y9ldo ,08mxb:7 the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejh7d0obe j9:m 8lyfdx, ects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of hwo: :y f5zz/8fm3 *rur pa:gdt2 -nzuoeat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How apo rf:rz dw-*myg oz8zun/ f:u:35 t2much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of iqbeob9j q5a u 3u.eaty ..ba6-ce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, gj; coekcf6rg.v/p 7gbm,; -rthe change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansiphth-/3 jvmor ):1iwf i+p1b ron and its entropy chai3v)rphj - : io1mtp+ /1rbhfwnges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at g* k:fiiwu* v*/omc ejq2 pi8,$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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