The process shown on the T-V graph is 5,s fswtq*6e gan

  In an isothermal process, there is no change4hk yz 8n9f(dy in

  When the first law of thermodynamwdlgk to9d i+)4- ,fthics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice i t *qa9ir)n /zcrs864 ;toxnf54 bxsnkts original volume with no change in its temperature. This proces; nti nz 6)o/trxc45r89*kqs4f sax bns is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this procey-mpyzio*2 s8hwzb ./ llky (2ss, 6.0 J yz.lw by/ 8 zimp s2k*2ly-oh(of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed toj m.pstx 8,/ku one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final presu,.8s km jtpx/sure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally froq;.w ; bfus.tbm 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. bt;sw.bu f;q. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatww i8ibu(8op7ed environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heatiiwu7o8bp8 (w with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of therm:q69clz bqg l-)pw.lgodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compress6 -/umimf:syydmtnzp 4 .p;y6ed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The ypy.;mn 4f yi/6z6spm:dt-um final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas ,suep3bsw* f6 identical in all respects except that one contains*w e6 sbs3f,up $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respe3e;q:nb wtt1 opx8;vd cts except that one contains p31 ;8 ovetwd:qnx;b t$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown onlmnt4sib+-tt5 9(f tj6ce ( dw the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is n 1 ik7pj2gcsz4o change in

  When the first law of thermodynamdh,l6z a4j0xn ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as :j ad*k4)7oam6y wmqaheat is added to it. This proj)k mq: oy 6*m7dawa4acess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are tranixm )3 o:8gaidna io+ by/y/0isferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the a nbygxo+ 30oy//)ii8a :mii dinternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagramvzfa*kxlm- o+ ywt:kc(5k/5b is

  In an isochoric process,93bm8 lkb8tz)cy2ut rp(eb4y there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics 28g l)bq6j7l aqaq 7fld:an8u, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat enersir.wq)69udv.z jis6gy is added to . )wiuqdir.z6s9 j6sv it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl*1 vc-a g 7il(rrfd8zne of ideal gas at constant v*1rrz vg(-a c8fdi7nlolume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynaedz))) yqtn v7mics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoireb)ie 0xj e;h9 to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to tran r.so,xz )t ;o0;)i,jbwmzj fvsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodyname+b 5o-gre,uw ics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one oov2jd1qf09f mq)u8t cycle, how much work is done by an e8juq) v 19tm qofd2of0ngine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratibge0;. b2 yzfxxb*i8 go of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is tojt1-6 uxkm 5by1/k 6jxim 2shx be 100%, the heat sink must symxx65i jh mjx/1 u6t12-bkk be

  A Carnot cycle consi6)qp2,n kczypa 5dl9a n,cfs) sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second l8c/z( spkcm:6 oz :cloaw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) ofxurp4f 2l)se gd f71kad0uj8. a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o )a0u kdpxrls.fd4gje21f78 uf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump i2 h,1va8jecl ws defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of thesr1)a0lmy)(f l ar5), czu dig water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any j/ pta utq2.h)2hkpx6process that may occur within an isolated system,jttux/pk2h p.a)hq26 which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynama 5qemzzdgqj, )x(*v a)ra:u +ics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conc o1h/ h40q-bdfew pub-p/eowq)q*jdv nm0,8 llude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of (f+ cewdhy64 vheat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the c4+hec(fw 6dvyhange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whato)jxrx5(p zxx: fs.q( is the work done in the process?()z5 j:f x .xxxsropq(

  The work done on an ideal gas system in annv:m( yt kap03 isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energ(map0k: 3yv nty?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What fube vp,:. zc.o*p 9bcv +3vymis the change in internal energy o po*.vb m+p:3z v9f e.bucvc,yf the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an asqyns x//u w6smxh1l6, 4jw8 hdiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internh w/jw s68s lumxx/s4y n6,q1hal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy3rchp0qaxs rde+9 57ja:c9nr xd+2fo of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work donxdsn pf+q xro7:2 5raccj3+9hr0 de9a e?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 5 8feb.aq f9oog*hhxw6mzc-un ):(i 5c0 J. What is the h*hhb: xnco)8m9c o fgw6aqz(ui .-e5f eat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained aq0ba d(m:o-h;5h y:gw 5kkak at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accompkb q5a5a;(dh -kwk ag:o:0yh mlished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 59hz ,1 9djojs 6phj9oy-hhq a)0 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed fr9o1j , 9hy9qh6dp )oj-hsajzhom it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wates:sx +w )kltvgiqg(mz824 hj(r at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wn/7 z;mk7hzplkupw1 c* (dl;w hat is the efficiedlzm/71 wphnw;*clup ( kzk;7ncy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per c*z6u4 4x1oa1za7 lbf 5zx1wdiqwphp.ycle. How mucwdqw4z if5pzalp1 aoh.*b7116 xu zx4h work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an ayu o6 (vhc0,mg4ntq9efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in ena o0vc,4 tu(hy9mq6gach cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculat-uj ts2y,1ebt5xlcj 0e tjsb 5yt0lutje2, x1c- he efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbsiln a*t0ny 32m r u;jp.ep/tvwv6oj q;*u3pq2 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wm/jv3t. ea u i2p*n p;uvq2lp3jt qn* 6rw;y0oork done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far h9c lmvde gr1/n)1ebm/as the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempe)v e//mldgcrb1ne9 1 mrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficzy yq;tk*7l .ydu1 p5pient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combusz5kyp1 u*t;ld.yy7p qtion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effici ta9+kjzw2 x0iqby )c0ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamb)y j xkq2zc 09+atbi0wer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric mj-0 i1qbajvtuw.s( m p7/qi/power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates1z;alqj8w0 qlw ox:g9cvdt- . 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates)ugb( ttf9t 2cg0kwoyo9c-.o 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whs 8/pi59afzcvj; /e qaich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency otog4j 16y6l8tu:.(df p*j0 acwxyvr possible for an engine operating betw 6oal*jg t 84trpuox0df6: c.1(yv ywjeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is 1 zx/nki64y pxthe temperature of the cold reservo ki4pzny/ 16xxir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatl)uc 3o:e mgf8mdm 0;3pc3a sning between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate,gr94j7mkar k l ,t9kmxjwo8on8 ;rw7 of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ i9o k4olm a j,wt9m;kwrj8g7,rr 8k7 xnnto a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20po l 24ae1 bln31cfk6q kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient f eac2 14 kolq36bnpl1of performance?

  During each cycle of operation1 hl*touz4jn ;, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the roomjl; nz41h*uot. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in enw9 p*q+ 7 nh,due1v,bxtzor5qtropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, rmk 5n3l,3a pfthe change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal k ir92u: yd6s0cte-rr gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy change -d:tskrrr02i 6 9uceys by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at jy 1f*+gjr/plsr i0lu oe5j96sls:6f $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.