Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - 题库网 (tiku.one)

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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1#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, or other means for mpy k6ownx.be.+ -9 ddyou to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stoppe xb6owynk+-dm9.. edpd or moving at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to dfr). ah;nbw:03gqljjj. 8 y nmeasure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Michelson and Morley ayt*xngqq 0,od 3,.pw concluded from the results of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You can build an interferometer yourself if you use the following compont 7ely/e+c.pfv3nn. jor -ll-ents:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the relativity principle4luml vwh69:grpw9 5n .

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6#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the three unprovable assumptions of Galilean-Newtonian3 ,ha,)z;vaosw5th 7g wd z*i uw;zr,s relativity.

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The theory of special relativcj vuh 1 y2d,uurrfv77p0,v 0gity

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One of Einstein's postulates in fos zs/ymm14/ 9(rgnmts *u4st 3)zlx cfrmulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same it4 *znrzcsx)/ 13gmus9tys(4 fms/m ln reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the first postul b0. sp 34e;xitxj:sm8ihpgz7ate of special relativity.

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10#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the second postula xwf3i6n1q9la i,l(idte of special relativity.

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If you were to measure your pulse rate while ifqs; 4cxqdv-/ n a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a ;vc f-dx/ qq4sspeed close to the speed of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary obcg t2 gcn b,8p 91c9,klbnb(paserver, a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The gamma factor is 9t gde cwie,1c wqs+l;d5om +*defined as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling av:-p*i (. zhajcc0sfr t a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains 0(-azch*f svjr: .picon Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, a moving objej8iw(2ei/uj8j9 +zvc fcjr /dct

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction para37bp z,c q.uib0l /qjnllel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The width of this object, as meanzqp0u7,cij bb.l3q/sured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length w u h1u(v9aufws *i4:pv j3)sbpith a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The length of this objectjwv f au)v4ip9hu:(pu3s1 *bs, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the s;3hp:py hdu1)jfplxv g1:l p9peed of light, the mass of the particle;up9dp x1 :l:pvy )hl1j 3pgfh

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, the momentum li* 1xncx:a( )o6h *(p)u pcgfa-lf haof the partix:)*c puo(fl iha * h)cgaf1( a-xpln6cle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spear is thrown by you at a very high speed. e5r-c1,f wwpf .gtk0 a As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving spear' .p5fc-wf, gre0akt 1ws mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the kinetd9hoqlp29t *qvp n3 x9ic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass d vpl9n9xp 9q*do3q t2houbles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the total relativistic ener0s v mvyyu 4(o2dt35hzgy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass 3y5ovz2 h y4svm0(dtudoubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider a particle of mass,7rvn iww8;xt+b.jhvpq6+2k smd9sz $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider two spaceships, each travelingw,,*:neiac +y p ggbl z.bd:;j at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do theyg:a l*;g,+.:d w jbpbec z,yin measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following depends on the observer's/0:)nq/uoah jjza -p c frame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceship increases, you would 0wye3:9z 6rv)l u 5oijp 7fxrnobserve

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative8vw8. 5m9sjl) njkwcx *js-rx to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing -j r89.5slxvs k)xjmwj*w8 cn at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the shx;* uo kji.(0nlg8 b2cj zba2zore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m lxu.gb z*ai2;2c j8zn(boj0k /s if the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speedhv7ga.mm r4*j tte *h;, relative to the shore, does it move in a river thatj*mhg;4v* r . maetht7 is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast should a moving clock travel if it is to be observed by a statioykswr9/:sx /pyz2 70w;prcju ub6 q8jnary observer as running at oz p7u0: c w9sj/u2wyq6bry p ;j/rs8kxne-half its normal rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns in 1dgdn3z 9f+l gsa67e5h) pwa2l 0 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.8d)7e+g3gl p z ad5hla n69s2fw0c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtj /8r lwys+k au19:fimney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which tra+:lwfr/s8mk y9ua ij1 vels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip wiyk+3 r k6dq-zkpp19wy th a speed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceshiprkpkk3q z+w1y6d9y p -. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. What7**cvz 8-vegsvi 6 agg. o.y mnzwk c(.95lmxl is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast would a rocket ykh+cw z.7ic:i d7td:ship have to move to contract to half of its proper length (as observed by a stationary objec:dk7i.cyi+ :ct7w hz dt)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If thx3lj kj,nz4k/9ari+nn.ep(b e spaceship travels by you witze 3nb j ir(x9,k anlp.j/4k+nh a speed of 0.70c, what length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar ekm)pe,i xr.9 system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space shik.eexir9,)mp p travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solht1j91i,+ma:z 1mnuc w w/ nfear system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A wn /m 1c,9nf1 t+:eaumihw j1zspaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is At(6t ku(cycv f mt7a(a.g trh.ae n711-dy3i clpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on t-cy(.(yft eainu1ga3 h.artkc m7c (td167v the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. Whauust- l z:h*j/d )1af:wngb. kt is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the speed of a prot)yd8 9h,bx5 s xtorqg.f7 n1v:hhp3xoon if its mass is twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship gh(m:xu- hs95ko e9fsi oes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will h( m:oix-uf9hs5 e9 skincrease by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the momentum e ww,26o/ur xjin $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, anf o/qctmc1a*9b hpc 9)k2ao u. element loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material was lost during a react2kc54fx/ ia dhm44t jpi4jxf/2 4h kmpadit54con?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram of mass zoy )kd6ks+3m at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasa:dsexmscp.x4- * (po jki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It released eno:-pcp 4 j(x*dmx.essergy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of itsuau-vzya/g5 b-gmfhe ()5 +wi total energy. What is the speed of the pro-u ega vwah/b5-)(y+if gm5zuton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentu;1 hwtlwj8 sb9m i9jl8 b1h;w wtsn $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What energy is released (in Me ajx0tc :mchjc:7uts 089 )dvqV) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much mass is lost during a reactik5g,r wy. ) mzzopu*j3z;.tdgizry 3-on in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an electron moving d4m (sdp ux9cw*g2/le with a speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are reqzl tk crn5).,luired to accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to atr.n5,lz kl )c velocity of 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear plant, 4q6x t0* rw/.s rtyrnblwlat8 5as0-y$1017 J$ of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated through 100 kVack)s:mle :h4i* u;rb . By what factor has its mass increased with res i)s:lk h*c4umr:e;bapect to its rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are in a rocket trave k2d e p:spgsc1y1x704( sqqquling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed o1e40pgssk (x:p21syuc dq 7q qf light from the Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two spaceships are traveling through sgkjlh. 1rc)k6txd 7u4tvg26 ppace at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured byup1c)t.r2gk7d 6 lxjk 4vg 6th a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is traveling with a 3,d t( f)y6 asmj0aqba1/vm lfn ta+4zspeed of 0.80c. How fast would light travel from the headlights of the ship relat,l az fb4maaq)st3j(t+0m a1v/y6 f ndive to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away u.d 9iyj7r1wt from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a misjrtw1ud i7y. 9sile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earthe.maxzino,576o+5x c6cnts8ilf 4i e with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the 45 cfeiixz6n .imsx 58e+l67t oocn,aEarth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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