Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - 题库网 (tiku.one)

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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1#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, or other means 5af5zu 31 lo.uw/jvc zfor you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or movin.cuuao515/zz3wj lfv g at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to meaov u kb.6q/kk/c2 sxgar (i. 1ru+g*yzsure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Michelson and Morley concluded from the results of their excs6d0 ivv-oot;ne)v:6 bou( x periment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You can build an interferometer yo l* rqp4ja yka55a7pkj,)or1vurself if you use the following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the relativity principle4gcf2bl)4dbl -l rc vtsnqp4 t 006-qi.

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6#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the three unprovable assumptions of Galilean-Newtonianu l uke860o-uy1nzu +pfw,m f+ d8of3v relativity.

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The theory of special relatpz9+ll9, 9 wdvq7glkdivity

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One of Einstein's postulates in formulatmz4wjrlll;jgj pi1f4/7:p7 c ing the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics jpf 7jl pmj/4g74;: 1irllzcw are the same in reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the first postyk dgagzr.kd +/1rv ;4ulate of special relativity.

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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10#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the second postulate o0-cgmvlj tp , l22n3wfe k97imf special relativity.

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If you were to measure yo k.r imd/*9my ay8an)5 ykve6vur pulse rate while in a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speed close to the speed im6 a/dny.a rk*kvvy9) ye8m5of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer;c9yj5n 7ud r8si-flz , a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The gamma factor is defiw15v37woju w qs),v hhned as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship travelinj1k h/; x,cyolg at a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin j 1h,lykx ;o/cis

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, a moving objecd) km7cz4ir-1 g4tqktt

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length wk b + 2bl3lid7r-gus*dith a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The width of this object, as *is32 lrg bl d7kdbu+-measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocity th / ngr(o2:dw 3 gnmy1jn+d4fxvat approaches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as nf1o2wg +r:gjyxn nvd3 m4(/d measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the sgur1usf4,p *1oc.gxl peed of light, the mass of the particlepx1o 1g4luc .g*,uf sr

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, the mo yq ij.)v1cke6g7z)71xjdxygk rb0 b; mentum of the parti 7k de r jz16ky.ixcg;01bjqxbg ))y7vcle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spear is thrown by you at a very high tllb q2k .tt5;speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the mtbtl . 2k;5tlqoving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton when its relagmw2c2nq)6 sw)bg8u( wc*q e n*wvuf,tivistic mass du*c)nn g8g,* fem( wscvw2 2w q6bwq)uoubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the total relativistic ehudt 9x32 xdb6nergy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass utdxd h293b6xdoubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider a particle of 8vz;u.oxi,ous2w 5 jk mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider two spaceships, each trk*2eg gvkx5-bs2v idot 642flaveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from2k5gsxvo-ik* 2fv642glb tde the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following depends on the observer's frame of reference?w8 /z fostmuu,d7 x-0wz+/ewd v5 gy0q

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceship increases, you wousz805 ys jj5 5k5n)pi7bsxpluld observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still wal1ljw6a*q-1 d1 wba c n9o2f+j t)cahnter. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the *jw cwajltbh1aql)-d1f 2+6a1nco n9boat is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.l c likqhi9veg*(0:2z su/t f40 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if i(sk 94 hfulc2:0lqz/tev*gi the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative en(*f)f53k 8pupsri2 zt1ufato the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the btuz ar ppn s5ufff8*1 k32e)(ioat is heading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast should a moving clock travel k yn:5wrw,l1kif it is to be observed by a stationary observer as :yk wwl r5k,n1running at one-half its normal rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet ano6vo4 bs7-myq k/v5get:k-; tzxopf (d returns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Ea:mqkvo;vo7x- y-bfeg o z45t/(spk6trth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andrea andp /qd0jrnby,( Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea retry0 (dpjb,n/qurns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a speed of 0.80c for 30 year (/ap j,bkc3-yqfm )crs according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin a,r pccqf)( ym -b/3jkbrother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. Whath6+cre- gk4v y is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast would a rocket ship have t cq+mia+o7wi 74m .3no(fhcvx o move to contract to half of its proper length (as observed by a stationary ofixc.o( mcv+onaqh7 m374wi+bject)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The length of a spaceship is 10 m l m:/*svls b4kwhen it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with a speed of 0.70c, what k/s*:sl b mvl4length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar systqwzm8v31k afxup+f f n j,xgki (:a6:+em is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceshipk+3nzp vjfa6km:(1 xwf fa xqui8+ ,:g with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Cen6prah /*3nk,c- agb 9 np4)ol+v eiz 8dgreh8jtauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaces4cgo k * 88bp)-eal3dnpg +rz/6,vehr j n9haihip?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to h9rak8h;/ 7rc u3vvxwour solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapser3/kc 8ua vxvhrh ;w97 on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What is its mass? (The rest mass ic)8 w. -wtry50b u5upgroa(b ts $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the speed of a proton ifmud0z)p mmx6egh3/h ) its mass is twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 cw *a yr09qd u;s/+gx4q/gwts c to 0.6 c, then your mass will increaryu/s+qqgc tgsd* 9 w/;a40 wxse by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the momentum in peun*l82oa3 x $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, an element loses s 03ob je- feon7/8g (e we9orpk;vlm:$4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material wa:/cuilpis6 .pyc4sx * s lost during a reactiyx:*4i./suc6i csppl on?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram of mass at restt b6z7sr77u6 +kidw fu is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic bomb that was drtg duxnjyk : 8-,aj*h9opped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It nj8: ahxjut*d,-yg9k released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton ie vnifxr3 e9,jk/8wv)s 80% of its total energy. What is the speed of tv/k iw8n9x f)vje ,re3he proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a :ajybu 8+k/vc proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentum ia8vy/:+kcbju n $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What energy is released (in nv;n37(qlqx t MeV) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much mass is lost during a reaction in 1r7;j ye6byqf which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an eli/lasw13z kfjqh* d5 (:vy9h 6wj1 qbbectron moving with a speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogram of mass fr7p:1 mlmbfgkm.q+t 2kom rest to a velocity of 0.8661g.7p+qkmf:kl2 bm tm c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear plant, sl wm,,z 6mev5$1017 J$ of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is accel8 bfa f-glbj k+9bp3l4erated through 100 kV. By what factor has its mass increased with respect8fbb 3+9ka jg -pl4fbl to its rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are in a rocket traveling away fw;5/ tzso.b qf4slf9zrom the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed of light from th9wfl5zzq./ bs; fto 4se Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0.60 c relativjbjht/6x6r:l8 rnpugqpr205fcz 8i (md. 5dze to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly towl8 db0 p(:txjzq6g .rihd zcj/r8 unr5625 pfmard each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is traveling with a sper.m-ka*v. ;)*c g( 9l/jmy tybgexuvred of 0.80c. How fast would light travely..)*km-/jy9*( xre;gl mrt uvcvgba from the headlights of the ship relative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away f ki eo.b+(sigdd /81: j.spfgcrom the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the sd.s oegf c8.+gidkjpsi1 :/(bpaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0h7 (mxo83wq4osm5nvmz8 rs4j.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship.v mm4zs xjon748or(h3q m 8ws5 What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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