Hydrocarbons are commoa l/f pmu)q70lnly used as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following is cocbc*22cl((r f: zlingrrect for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reacti,xu21mb-3 j h 9u,fc7,p ;sisutkbm u1mnu+ ssons below:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order of specific energy from highest to lowest fj/ w9o dz.wsys2)dd: x*6acxq or methane, hydrogen gas, ethanol:zwodax*xjws/ q2y6).ddsc9 , and butane?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of mahc 0 (zhxqt 9.gjyyp ,q1-kqj+gnesium, which of the following are correct for the produch19 t qj+,(hygp- zqxjky qc.0ts and enthalpy of reaction?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in9+j sj*u8wlnb( -i rmf7e) yet the balanced equation for the combustion of silver metal to form br*wj87nt9 su y-l(ji fe+m) esolid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correctly depicts the product(s) at the cathode and txf*1bjccp i9/ he direction of electron flow in anpx*ic/1j b9 fc electrochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acidic condi gl l56sl, bzw-fsqqsq)4 )f2itions using methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly descrqq-5z ffsqgl4 s 2,))lwsbi6l ibes the balanced reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are fc:6xqaa5e2r t(e .x ytransferred in the balanced equation in a hydrogen fuel cell f:atay6 rex5e.c (x2qunder acidic conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most bva,gnk/ l.eyxp n 6h.c)f)+clikely to undergo incomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be de 3pb7 xxnzj+tiih (nw14pi+ j:signated as either renewable or non-renewable, with efficiency calculated based on the amount of energy that nhwn( xt ip jb17i+j:+ix zp43can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.