A voltmeter reading is recorded as 100.0 V +/- 2%. Which op r c1+whqum,m,iqc+, f the following could be the+, u1cwhmq iq,m,p+c r actual value?

I.98.0V
II.97.2V
III.101.3V

  A student recorded the volume of a gas as 0.0sgh v/ejz-/2dx5e3t q4056m$^3$. How many significant figures does the recorded value have?

  Which of the below features must be included in a skerb ;l) 8jb4xebtched graph?

I.Labelled axes
II.Scaled axes
III.Plotted points

  For the graph below, state the appropriate units for the y-inte c2b*hd+3fzxiotz9m2h.m1s trcept.

  Which statement best describes the relationship between x and y on the graph bez g/h2:0zxg7iiw2cda m r8bp1 lo0r/g1wihc8iagd :2p72 xzm bzw?

For a first order reaction, the relationship between rate and the concen2aiuzia .m8il 6i ewpz3*n1u9tration of a rea uwn*p6l9a21 3a ziiiz8i.muectant, [A], can be shown using the following equation: rate =k[A].
The data below gives the rate information for the first order reaction that proceeds in the thermal decomposition of reactant A.



1.On the axes above, draw a graph based on the provided data.
2.The effect of time on the concentration of reactant B for a zero-order reaction was plotted on the graph below.

(i)Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.
2.Describe the relationship between time and concentration.

  Which of the below gives the correct units for the gradient of thizoz5 hph pjzkl: 6qmul6,:7(n;zqz;hs line?

  A student is measuring the temperature change of an endothermic reactio+.m i,mchebs m8v2rjux d --3jn.
Calculate the temperature change and identify the corresponding error.



Temperature decrease:  $^{\circ}C$$\pm$  $^{\circ}C$

  The relationship between pressure and temperature of a known volume and amount0vp(;gss.h phu9dg pmo+e4bmc + 31qq of gas can be described using Gay-Lussac’s law which stgb+h 4som(d m1uvq9hg;p3c.p sp+q0eates that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.P∝T
Where P is pressure in Pa, and T is temperature in K.




1.On the axes above, sketch the graph of P∝T.

2.State two features that would need to be added to your sketched graph to turn it into a drawn graph.

3.The proportionality can be shown in an equation by incorporating a constant, k. The equation becomes P=kT, and follows the format of the equation of a straight line.

3.1.State the feature of a straight line that k represents in this context.
The feature is   .
3.2.Deduce the y-intercept of the straight line.
it is   (Pa).

  What is the value for the gradient of the graph below with the correct w7i2h1. fw iylunits?

  A given mass of magnesium was added to 500cm$^3$ of aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Styrofoam cup to form magnesium chloride. The temperature at the start was 18$^{\circ}C$ and and after the magnesium had dissolved, the temperature rose to 20$^{\circ}C$.
1.State a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
2.Given that the change in enthalpy,ΔH is 0.185kJ and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J g$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$,calculate the mass of magnesium added to the hydrochloric acid.
m=  g
3.Determine the systematic errors caused by the use of styrofoam cups.

Solid sodium carbonate reacts with excess nitric acid of 0.1 mol dm$^{-1}$ as shown in the equation below:
$Na_2CO_3$(s)+2$HNO_3$(aq) → $H_2O$(l) +$CO_2$(g)+2$NaNO_3$(aq)
1.State a method to measure the rate of reaction other than measuring the volume of gas collected.
2.1.Sketch a graph to show the volume of gas produced over time.
2.2.Explain the shape of your graph using the collision theory.


3.On the same graph as in part(bi), sketch another line to show the volume of gas collected over time at a concentration of 0.05 molcdm$^{-3}$ of nitric acid and label it as X.


4.Suggest and describe a factor other than the concentration that can affect the rate of the above reaction.

  Which statement best describes the relati r,ie0p7.n jvionship between the rate and H$^+$ oncentration, in a graph with the equation: rate =k[H$^+$]$^2$?

  In a first order reaction, the concehbskj o8;ej) ,f0q-frntration [A] of a given reactant can be determined at time t, according to the equation k ; -fe)0rj,bjhoq8fs below, where [A]$_o$ is the initial concentration of A and k is the rate constant.
ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]$_o$

  The enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction between sulfuric acy+qe vci48w k ;dyh /-qqq0*rxid and potassium hydr0-qxi+ *k/qyc8vq;r q y wed4hoxide can be determined experimentally.
$H_2SO_4$(aq)+2KOH(aq)→$K_2SO_4$(aq)+2$H_2O$(l)
A student recorded the temperature of 20.0cm$^3$ of 0.500 mold m$^{-3}$
sulfuric acid every minute. At four minutes,25.0cm$^3$KOH(aq) is added to the solution, stirred immediately, and temperature recorded for another four minutes. The results are represented in the graph below.

1.Calculate the lowest concentration of aqueous KOH that must be used to ensure it is in excess.
C$_{KOH}$=  mold m$^{-3}$
2.Use the graph above to estimate a value for the maximum temperature change,ΔT.
ΔT=  $^{\circ}$
3.State one assumption you made in part (b).
4.Identify the anomalous result and suggest a possible type and source of error.
5.In another experiment with the same reactants, the student measured the initial and final temperatures and presented their results below:
Initial Temperature ($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 24.8 25.1 24.9
Final Temperature($^{\circ}$C $\pm$$^{\circ}$C) 26.4 26.6 26.4
1.Calculate the average change in temperature (ΔT)giving its percentage uncertainty.
Average=  $^{\circ}$C; Absolute uncertainty=$\pm$  $^{\circ}$C; Percentage uncertainty=  %
2.Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet to calculate the energy released and its uncertainty. You may assume that the only source of uncertainty is from the temperature change.
Energy released (q)=  J;Uncertainty=$\pm$  J

  Determine the type of variable and correct axis for ΔH in a graph to show how ; / co:tcjcuzn h l;cz-ql5trc7b og,+01;mamΔH is afj/q5,7c ho:t01c;mb;l ;lzccrumga -z nc+otfected by the length of the carbon chain.

  The initial mass of a c qv4b5by v47emortar containing a solid was recorded to be 109.34 g. The mortar was heated, and the final mass was recorded to be 81.92 g. Wh7c5qevb4b4 vy at value should be recorded for the mass lost in grams?

  The half-life of a second order reaction n*7wosus i,bf.f )/lqcan be expressed according to the equation be, )oqi/ . l7sn*sfubfwlow.
t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$=$\frac{1}{k[A]_0}$
Where t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ =half-life,[$[A]_0$]= initial concentration of reactant A,and k is a constant.
Which two variables plotted against each other would produce a straight line?
I.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $\frac{1}{k}$
II.t$^{\frac{1}{2}}$ VS $[A]_0$
III.t$^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ VS $\frac{1}{[A]_0}$

  A piece of sodium metal has a ma3a2 crvthq/ 7c,wnqz( cq 9de:ss of 13.02 g and a volume of 13.4 cm$^3$. What is the most precise density that can be reported?

1.State the complete balanced equation for the reactfkc26b7bnu v7 ( 3tuqee/.la tion between sulphuric acid and copper (II) ox/u7c7buqne kfb(l 2t6tv 3.eaide.
2.State the complete balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium carbonate.
3.Outline two ways to monitor the rate of reaction for reaction (b) above.

  The relationship between energy, E, an rbon44 jmdlie g/*q oy9dqbqhr2z745-vn:l+d wavelength, λ, is shown according to the equat:/li-q9r*jnvoh45 4m2gn+e lbr oz y4qdb7dqion below.
E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$

Which of the below statements are correct for the graph below representing E=$\frac{hc}{λ}$?
I.Energy and wavelength are directly proportional
II.The units for the gradient are J m$^{-1}$
III.The y-intercept has the units J

  The feasibility of a r -: wgx.*8if3qjnbfbv eaction proceeding spontaneously can be predicted using the following equaj8*-gfi 3fwnq.vx bb: tion:
ΔG=−TΔS+ΔH.
Where ΔG is the change in Gibb’s free energy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and ΔH is the change in enthalpy.




1.When ΔG<0, a reaction can be described as spontaneous. Use the graph above to deduce the lowest temperature at Read graph at which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
Read graph at ΔG=0,  K.
2.Calculate the gradient of the line and state its units.
3.Use your answer to part (b) to deduce the value and correct units for ΔS.
ΔS=  kJ mol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$
4.Use the graph to determine the value for ΔG when the temperature is raised to 675K.
5.Calculate a value for y-intercept and state the correct units.
Substitution of (x,y) values and slope into equation with correct evaluation=  .(c=)

  The potential of a cell under non-standard conditions can be calculated usbrnd(- n -xo9bing the Nernst -xn9 r-(bbd onequation:
E=E$^θ$=$\frac{RT}{nF}$ln$_Q$
For the graph below, which components of the equation represent the gradient and the y-intercept?

  The relationship between the concentration of a reactant, A, and the td:4pv(r )po14ji p nouime, for a second-order reaction can be expressed using theo4o1)rvpd pi4:(u n jp equation below:
$\frac{1}{[A]}$=kt+$\frac{1}{[A]_o}$
Where [A] is the concentration of reactant A,$[A]_o$,is the initial concentration of reactant A,t is the time in seconds, and k is a constant.

1.Calculate the gradient of the line and state the correct units.
2.Use the graph to determine $[A]_o$ (also known as the initial concentration of A)
$[A]_o$=  mol dm$^{-3}$
3.Determine the time at which the concentration of A is equal to an eighth of its initial concentration.
(If you were unable to complete parts (a), and (b), you may use k=0.02, and $A_o$=42)
[A]=  mold m$^{-3}$;Substitute and rearrange:  seconds

  Which of the below gives the correct average titre with its ;+(ohwd n/v ajh yh65vuncertainty?
Initial volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 0.00 23.15 0.00
Final volume $\pm $0.05 c m$^{3}$ 23.15 46.25 23.20

  The length of a thread was :vx ig0,g*p8kocmb ,ebeing measured using a 50 cm wooden ruler with a 1 mm increment. The reading for theig, xgk:c eo 8m0,v*bp beginning of the thread was 12.6 cm while the reading for the end of the thread was 45.3 cm. Which of the following is the largest possible length of the thread?

  The ideal gas equation allows pressure to be calculated according to the eqsewt sbsw/0(5uation/ w0s5se sbwt(,
P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$.
This allows a straight line to be drawn for the effect of $\frac{1}{V}$ on P.

For the sketched graph above, which components of the equation P=$\frac{nRT}{V}$,relate to the gradient and
y-intercept of the straight line?

  A student recorded the mass of solid NaCl as 1200 g. Which of the following is tttsl*q8x4 kh xz;rb:,w41v9g uvc r( corre8kh4z(bsu ;txv1r:c, lq*r9g wtx 4vtct about the number of significant figures recorded?

  2.00 ± 0.02 g $NaClO_3$ were dissolved in 2.0 ± 0.5 dm$^3$ distilled water.

Which row gives the correct concentration in gd m$^{-3}$ and relative uncertainty?

  A student is measuringk/1 b0ui/:x cjne2nae the density of a solution. He recorded the data in the following tbk/xiue2/ ej n1c a:0nable.

1.Write the expression of the average density of the solution in a fraction form (make sure to include the absolute uncertainties for each physical quantity).
2.Calculate its corresponding uncertainty. Show your work clearly.
   $\pm$    %