What property of water helps liv o d6o/3bzffo0ing organisms maintain their internal body temperature?zo0d o/f3ofb6

  Which of the followin q;d+8uzh+l f/f8m g:wjqmf21kf)w-4a tpucng is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular u. n t,/idtz9. iqsa3 c,vpra-bonds with water moleculesqn3azri v tu,,a/ps-.td9ci .?

  Which of the following is a reason fo5v/qh of7ixp/1o2k :xu j-nxojh b6g*r the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for 6(p:wduu uy :fthe origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bon9nn pga-* t/ wwk1v);trg 5cmdd is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermaa) k* g ;r/g51pmttwn-9vn dcwl properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molechb0c9+t.2f ce q*qb +ai7hgi 5raf3udules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pus zdipv 9 vdzgc24okp3qy)7 31ma hispida) to stay afz2 79v3qdpp3gdy izv m)4o kc1loat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem pnona7i4 )u(fjge n)(vessels to transport water inside ng( jieo4(n7 )afpun )plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is cohfasndd; u9.8gl8 ba,hc-w 1b nsidered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn ,l;ubb 9c.1 wf -dgadnshha8 8is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolard;hzp5 rasm2es d+9xr2bu(1 nity of the water molecule are true5srm adrz e(u;dxph291n2s+b?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the presence of;6konaeyba 6f5y7n2h water on planets as a sign of extraterrestriy 6f2a;y5nk eaohn6b7al life?

  Which term to describe a propd1rhm8g uy(4fid68 vlerty of water is matched to its correct definition?1r8i6 f 4hdgd(l v8myu

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on theb5zc r 6.)4hbhlxew)h surface of a pond. What property of wz 5bchhxh bwe.) r46l)ater is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.01y kp8 wnq4ilfy3y h-).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in thev wzqb7(a.u v5 Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of househnz ewrp *ni.fxvspn 29:ysyz;;6mk8 / old detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better undw8/ ; f 9rsn6 yn*zpkyi:smpzx2nv. e;erstand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is vs+ c9uiqb vqwh)599snot a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody d59pvcu:. bes.n kl/ icicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xylem. cvcku.p n :b9/ 5il.es


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near larguel5z w :c+has zw+ kr4;41oepe bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures mr15l :swe+u z4;w4 czakeo+ hpore moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a so fscab-kxh3v ygab. (xv4-.y6lvent is correct? .-hb-c3a ba y4k .vvy6 xx(fsg

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant98upy 4qjm apcdx)( vu(px- s(sk9 wo6 i( (ma wkopqux j6p 99(-)x48ducspysvn the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planeagvvfi5 (gis+csn*n- ,a2)lq 1d1kt cts orbit a cn15vgnqasf* )1(s,+ vcg2aitd lck-i entral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated th9w.khv k,swe ke 5ex 6;iz3r(qe evolution of hx9sw(5kq ; ekkr,e. z3ve6wilife on Earth?