What property of water helps livinu,4j)dxaz7 me7;jv .7bh ibbug organisms maintain their internal body temperature7dbu 4)7u.j,x hzab e;ibvjm7?

  Which of the following is not soluble ino43.imzewyzsx9w gu3l(-) ub water?

  What substances are attractedyks pozhdyj2 o;o.7ch48 ap-5 to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molyoy 5p.jpo 842cd-7zhshaok ; ecules?

  Which of the following is a reason rg;x2 x-ko+go for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earthv se-,iwonko*04ji o :?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhs24sgjduyq ( dxd+rz ,gdov576elx5 / esive and thermal properties?2d(qzx4d+s5j6ldvgu 5xrges/ 7 d, oy

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water0jq3senvb3 fu-2i ul- molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed:m/n x7pz- gyqzbn+.uc re /-r seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?nnzr 7-/ pbqru:xe+ - z.ym/gc

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessel 1yd/:lwm0vja-j c ih0y;meu, d7ncp-s to transport wadl0mcejy1v-pdun,:ai0 h ;7y-/m wc jter inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that thnffiz7*0* 93kchvsk be Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is not?v fk9 3*i nc*h7bskzf0

  Which of the following stat egl(q 4flg. f6mq90jsements about the dipolarity of the water molecule are tf9e 6gslfq0g. j4lqm(rue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not likb 6te-n2*)sutx)j a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial e 6-ttxnjlu *ibs))k2 life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matchuz f3)2 4ozuthed to its correct definition?h3)ut fzuz2 4o

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surhwll0b349k61, b4zjowu m qtpp5u8wf face of a pond. What property of water is not depic j61upw94pwmu f ,z8o4l 0kwbl53bqth ted in the image?

Below is a picture ofqm1cqt c3 tu/j4a*6nx a water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringedk1w 8wfo(xr db8/*hd p seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried oub:skb77m;a sh + jh0azt into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of bsma:s077bzk; h hj+ awater in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-nu /dnsdt21o .life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross et7;1cj u3plf;6mxc p-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the e6 p7c ;pcu3f;x j1tmlannual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated lobjx; q)n41tg7b) jovo(e l:t0ve ,k dlxw am39on (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climat(obwva0tj179ol 4etbqnl)d 3: m,gk) x xjve;es. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the rod:1wv);v* g ain km g0lhm*s3mle of water as a solvent is correcti)0m3 1dmvggn*hvm wa*s;:kl ?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem frdkb 1y0s 346j. hwcik*gw +phrom a plant in the g+p6ikck hh4.j0ys b*3 1dwrw Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to oukficqe s14g 4/rs, where five planets orbit a centr/gi 1qfks4ce4al star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following st p58w q9mwk6peatements explains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Earth?eqwpm5p 89kw 6