What property of water helps living organisms maintain their intedc mz--kj47jf rnal body temperature4j7mj-fckzd - ?

  Which of the following is notqo ivwrb-42zls o;ye:2q2 :wu soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermon8v3ry.e55lx)a f dvclecular bonds with water molecules) cdyl35fan. vvx8r5e?

  Which of the following is a reason mw+tb:m.wi4d;zca m dv:cay ;m-76b/w ;e lsvfor the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earth93e w-xprdp7t7p:jw)h p,q re?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohe bcini c0mfzft+ki63o(+qo/) sive, adhesive and thermik )oi fmqn 6fb3ozti+c/0( +cal properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between watehf)/gh 29fr.q zaxjk2r molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of wa3 aw9l3r,wotp/9a *u8zk v uluter enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida8 v/ 3lala*uku,rpz9wwo 93tu ) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport qy2r qtt( *7:h xxf:z+m n1oawmh)pg) water q+(qz:n )rgmt2xw:ax1of 7yh hm )t*pinside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘Th*b9/ 3jyw lf19vxq4ufm k +chbe Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is nq*fb43jc wy9 /9+1x fvhklu bmot?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the w-r- qhecxb6+z 5v*al vater molecule are true? -cr6ev- h5+ q* zavlxb
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists lo seosem8 g6- 7eeooq/6ok for the presence of water on planets as a sign of e 7qse/66- sg8oemooeextraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a propee5 g8/, t.:9jnw fljgox:h zmyrty of water is matched to its correct definition?8:gfzojh,tn me/ x59ylgw.j :

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What rtz; jea/ efq*tq5qy.6ig1v4 ba l:6lproperty of water is not depicte.*glb6;1vz :j t4fqq/tl6 ai y5eqraed in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.)2 z0vzu pf6hdy g4,8ap.


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in thes7e:hxkvi( u5 (twnq. Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household de2o zh9f.ba1 a1zpk fzokb60sx(u(+jn tergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand thofxk sbna( . k02+ pfb(1hzz6zu19j aoe impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lngg+ld fz-cg00 (lra)ife example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a wglay19yz oo1)oody dicot stem, showing the annual rings of phloem and xylz y1ya)g o19olem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon 7vai otq8e/xd9(1w y6auo*ck(Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of wateawe v 916ciot(y8kq */ 7xudaor in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) aborjt5 7t6tx-+o uxy( .i jst4dtut the role of water as a solvent is correct? (ttuxo-t5ix t jj.t64d+ syr7

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a .; i(y4aoib,axxt1g i 2rnfe5wrfj5 5stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are cleax5 fg ty.4fb155r,r(aixi iweo a2n;jrly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five p7l ,*82eaziqrj4j hqxlanets orbit a central sjq*z7h lei8q,x 4jra2 tar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evolutix0nbb r 0-e03q a+7i7b rosgdko45p fcon ofenifx7+0bb573pc rsrqgo0o4 0 - abkd life on Earth?