What property of water helps living organisms maintain their 3 dci.hne ;k/kg/k b:vinternal body temperat c iv3g n.dek:/k;/hbkure?

  Which of the followi)z x8- dz(yvxo;b.nbi ng is not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with waha:1 i pma:f-o7t thi:ter molecu tthf i ih71a:pa:o:m-les?

  Which of the followingxa4b.p9w(gt x,x; qxl is a reason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of wateaaton3 +:kji-d6e )if r on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for bt6(fc+ vln azr ./ ob6u6pl0 j-8fzsswater's cohesive, adhesive and thermal p8z fl z.t6-b(cbs6so rl0np/+j6uavf roperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form -edlzgus2bh9z7 vk ot6269cc between water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water 1iu 0s,r*x1 oing-,bfkx-knf enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay aflof0o*kini-x1 ,gr b1k-xn uf,sat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xyle y0yj-/6 *r iwvmyquzx+-r8p/pg)vrt m vessels to transport water r xmygjpvqr*/vpz6 yr8i /- -+t0wu)y inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a ra.,.0rw t2q:ic m bfmmeason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilfia r qw,2m mbcm:..t0ocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements abw)l3svwn .5( jm/ o4xaxl/ wqhout the dipolarity of the water molecule are 4(5xl qlnowh jvsm//w)aw .3 xtrue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look2 nqf,ay6xt;d mt5.o;vnpk /g5x6ad i for the presence of water on planets as a sifnvqp25t66tg,a n/ k5xx;imodyd. a ; gn of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matwio lvih(y(6/ a *7gucched to its correct definition?6g/hiu7cvy woi(*( al

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) 6ri v-//g.zod9j;q uyelbg: k on the surface of a pond. What property of water is not depug-j.v;r o y//bli ek9gqzd:6 icted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water stride0*2r gdj )jqr xhq)zj1r (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispiu5j9(x; 6;bkxc qn+9iv vnpiz da) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation wasut7g ;tv0h.q y carried out into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. S;y.h0ut vt 7gqcientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lifiz*q s9a,n9m qhj/80sp -ze/7ms qd hme example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody q: r d e:6spegty w 83*(9jiw,m5vyjkodicot stem, showing the annual rings of ph,8y 6mpv e*wkgj 5ey d(o3:isj: rqwt9loem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is aazg *ss*46 b kq8a8lku0k9mng bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures mo**mk a4zgkku6a b8ls9g8n0qsre moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water4n 8ayr,tu b+6wxq 9hns riw/3 as a solvent is correct/i ,nyrw96w4 aqxb 3h r8utsn+?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem fro 7hayji u4h:6mm a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylhu4y: ia6j7hmem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very sim- (xz r7mdo:u gn*p/nmilar to ours, where five planets orbit a ce*zo ux /r(mpnm dng-7:ntral star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the followingnw ice+3xzl+ufvz3cz)x3vg )*ym25 r statements explains how water has facilitated the evolution of life on Earifegc3l r3*) )wcxzvm3 x zz5+yv+n 2uth?