What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal mv446igggn +63llx 5lb-vm ndbody tempedlv6v+lmn mgnlb34g 4-x 56igrature?

  Which of the following is not soluble td+ano5; :gmhkgs3w2 in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intut un8.)xx+ ljermolecular bonds with water molecules? ut8 nx.lu+x)j

  Which of the following is a nqy;6pv:9o(daa , gtk vp +c,)s*u iymreason for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water on Earth+ngws d5 t.bixreek4yp . 5+v2?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adh *4egnqb dcy-b*yv 1-eesive and thermal propertiby1 *q edn*y4e-gcvb-es?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between xjp s6.wnc22m vywt5 ju6bzs; he/c6 ,water molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seaj 8p.i. lam:qsl (Pusa hispida) to stayqpm :a.i.slj8 afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water 9 ss jway)nj)7allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plan j )7n)s9yjaswts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Grm p0zzxn55h:oldilocks zone’, but Satur 0x 5:pmzznrh5n is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of thel1(l e.bb7; qf5xboow water molecule are tru5;1 fl .obb (oxqbwe7le?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look fo6hi8mc +xxbr7r the presence of water on planets as a sign of extrater 7m8xbh+i6cx rrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its c wid. *fpq(s;torrect definition?.ds pwt(i *;qf

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pmgjbip35j wa c::n4m 3ond. What property of water a33pni::jgm5 m jcwb4 is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of as. ox.kpc6gz r6ln8; 4gr nod,q1k1hu water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida/ 94,l:jyxguc rk(vzf ) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household det xc-1er7rmwbq) y8c,t ergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they mm-qbx,e8c t7)yc1r wray have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a ream o4jy qxl9a(6l-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissurvqn,p*x4t; l)k:z kre of a woody dicot stem, showing the ,prz:v * kt; kxrnq)l4annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (8cu f+2 nwx :lm;u:outGavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throatflx un;2m8:wuc o+:uted loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvjl6m/ /0s(qt sc;ieo1ir hh )aent is correcs) mcea/ri0t h(;lhsoj/6 1iqt?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from a pliay: jn- xlj4jk0r3 d;ant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessj ai-4kx;n:ydl30 jjrels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where fivem ym*vx:uv4z e pa.(8get3-; 5twutta planets orbit a central star.u5 tmev;8:( etu.4 tway3tmz-v*pag x


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has facilitated the evolk ugdwq0 47cu)ution of life on Earthkc7u )dw0qug4?