What property of water h)7lqbj 23+ptl a(sog8zild 2aelps living organisms maintain their internal body temperatur 2dt)8 l q7(2io3gzbalsal+j pe?

  Which of the following is not s84jfz / i2tv0lhoba) tpfc ;c7oluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form intermotc/ -+i+ 5x:pm ;xrxkkafoco(lecular bonds with water molecultc +k+pi:o-/cmra; fxko xx (5es?

  Which of the following is a reason 5cn2a 0q3e b-ymq3try y8cwm;for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most acceptp.mucig4hjr b43+ 2 dyed theory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesivw9r3-4gknt 6w yc:r0 udc .tkne, adhesive and thermal properties y -n06n49wuktwrgt kc r:3.cd?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between wax5/.ng3h2(ngcy/o irv1 w b bv1u. kifter molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa kd6cw -mgzs/4m h6n,a4s ) wayhispida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of enwwmg6h 6,a )4ymssz/akn c4-dergy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allstho6 o7q5gnra2 8;mpow xylem vessels to transport watesh qa82t5oog 6;rnm7 pr inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that th y qj;mp (cevc8yq0ngvz 7,1p)pl)e1( o+ heufe Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’,f(c+1vem; yj ogc0qpp)yh1)p8v, zu e nq l7e( but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements a) xb6mqr4gt xu 0g-x*ibout the dipolarity of the water molecule are tru gg)tmq4i0x-rx6*bxue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is no7 -rm30ln omgmt a reason that scientists look for the presence of water omg-0 3r7mm lnon planets as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a propert9eg r9 oi*hue6y of water is matched to its correct definition?e 9 6hr*9ueigo

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a d+n7 xozjm7 :9gcx7f3mptvv 0 pond. What property of water is not depicted in thnmdzt7jx0 p3:xmcv 7+gv7 of9e image?

Below is a picture of a wate f vtc 6*bs(hh*wmw: xlmet5l9r 5k)k4r strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives o caq/r7e78cw in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergents on aqu.dm+9ppr,a+6hi uksyas6 d u-hcy (6katic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the suraha p d6i dm+cp+u. kuy-hs6,yk(r6s9face tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-l jkbft8:4+gfd oudd -2ife example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dic) q+urk/qn; dyot stem, showing the annual rings ;+dr nkquq/)yof phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird th9aekcblu2wef;(w zrk( 6do* 3 at lives near large bodies of water in cold clima ocrw 3 uze*;a(kdkefwlb(692tes. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as va ywb f2w8xu02;er /ja solvent is correct?28r/xe ww u yj;b2fav0

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-sec9l0ia.:bn8aopsvu9 keyg-9v*- lc vition of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible. v:an9v ul kyb*-0c9- iipge8l9a.vso


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar systqe*(u:se4gqcny m:+6 y /pyy0a swo5d em very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a centrs6qy e(0yngcm /*ay5:qwus4 +: yepdoal star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how waz*vp r+ :us.8kl8gf3 ds3zwqster has facilitated the evolution of life on Ead+8u zfl kszvprq. gsw833 *s:rth?