What provides evidence thvf 9hc/tgf3g ay8b, t0at all life on Earth evolved from the same population of vbt8a0 ftcf/3, h yg9gcells?

  Identify the correct row in the table g 2)qmx q 1xjid8bm*z2e .8nbkregarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disprovz/:w j+k5 cucyed spontaneous generation?

  Which type of isotopenh tfi+kuoeh ) bi2 m7, cd08yn8b9.dgs are commonly used in absolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following stavsv1 nap + h/6/reu;qstements are reasons that RNA is believed to be the first genet qpnha+/e;s vuvr16/ sic material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows tp-4uefc+*54vx x5u izph5zj x he apparatus used in the experiments conducted by Miller anzx5 z5xuf cx v*uep4-5ih+pj4d Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theor a*egn.5bw6in-6tvn l y. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced thrbltwega-nin5 n 6 6*v.ough a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that thwltae8xxxr v)9o/ig(, 6c 1kme last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emeat6 98)g /rxm vi ,owxklcx(1erged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Paste/oteq+tg jpm4 pt9c26ur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set ppcoe2tq 9m +4t/6tgjup below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experimz6/cd4k)x*foykd8at) oj o4q4oiaq ( ents disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into various flasks.* kq4fdc4(aoo o a)jyo4xq8dz6kti) /

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It is a li 4/s+*xogeuu8ihq ;lgving cell which can carry out all txio8g *+4q l;uuesg h/he functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.