What provides evidence thk; 1*(z hafhohhvbx, z,0w.oxc3uk(a at all life on Earth evolved from the same population o, a0ox 1hho;hf(hvz zckxbk.* 3w,a( uf cells?

  Identify the correct row in the svx( h++xz2xjv4fk a9 table regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneous generatioo6nr4xdvyl 1 529s rnen?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absolute dating of fossilsl8x znhivr;,j 58p -nt?

  Which of the following statements ) ) l 5ml7t8wm bo7jswc,bya/eare reasons that RNA is believed to be the first genetic material?/eos)y7lla)bw 5m7c,8bt w mj
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments col0hyewg n2 tgc smrh. ;4w.6.mnducted by Millerh. sy;.g2 wem.0gnw tlmcr h64 and Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was adfl6 b6f f82tdm04o a,xsx jgj/um2p - widely accepted theory. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organmx lu2dba xo/j6 8-,24ptfff 0sgm6djisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that the last universal common x+7jur*svm yp92m: jp ancestor (LUCA)p2 +7symumj:*jrp 9 xv could have emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louix5wtn / o.mlnw; xy25cs Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set upy.c5nwxot xn/2;m5lw below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experimentsfj f3j6u7vtl6b5b7 b v52-t i.fc86xzid rvdz disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into various flaff56jfdv8vzid l uvrtb37 b6x b7z6cti 52.j-sks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosynthetic9e(7x b2gaozng7lo .f vvls u01c wwqxgi:/ (7 protist. It is a living cell which can carry out al2 l7lv (o sw(wgqaz0u xb/ 1:i 7xgc7fov.nge9l the functions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.