What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same po 1p yv i*gj/l9pj9syt-pulation of cellst9p/ *v j9-sj1yyipgl ?

  Identify the correct romjo7ha z7cwh18/5 layarl1:duk)2 nhw in the table regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments dilh v;. 3cpy(q)dpmuwma18 ss9 sproved spontaneous generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absoluteh7k1a )vcnt 7u dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons that RNA is b7y2zs:pdw2vkx-s 0 gfby(hl : elieved to be the first genetic k2sxp :d (bf702ghsz:v lyyw-material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conducted btp, 30ij,n/v:aocfjj y Miller and Urfpn,3 vtiajj : /co0,jey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepte gmp,(hmxgk5l0p,6lp1 o)/i kfw (yted theory. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living p m ,g6 p(y5helx)l1/oi ktkgmf0(w,porganisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that thecpy,aijui 6vyt ,y 02q26r7dd last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrotheryrv7 q6tijy,ady2c 0pu,i 6d2mal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Pasteur’s famou. y8qvv3l6doly).ue3qlr uli: -d 2 nes experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 3yqeduvu3.lll3 n r: )l 2qd8 yie.6-ov0°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments disproving spontans)ec/l 4rvr dy4s/og2 pkna67eous generation were replicated by placing broth into various 6l4/orkve 2sa rgcd7p4n/y s)flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena a photosy 2gyiuy4 .d3qrnthetic protist. It is a living cell which can carry out all the functions o2d 3g4.qyuryi f life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.