The diagram shows the haplozo)b 16d7ol hh5k7ruuid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromu u rolh6k57dz)7bho1osomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of .skr nd,+2-lg p;qkfna whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar tolpks r.+g ,-d2n nqf;k the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the followingvt7 qb2y)f 3qd is the strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populy23qq7) dt bfvations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by k+v)zx3/ 6xe5nlyvm vflashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will ex lyznkv 3m56 )vvx/+only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms m2y3 gto0t 8vsliving in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences betweenq+6/1nzcfvuq isolating mechanisms in sympatric a q 1zvf+uqn/6cnd allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation bei/-y yb8g* ru(yw(du stween species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous structure eih69l3ih/liq18c t os?

  The table shows factors that can result in svz72/( ek5rihlw p9iwpeciation. Which word is matched to the correii2plezr h(k/ 5v79w wct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A an z6grnu-e+i km( x-m,gx+2syqd B are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the process of speciatxksfjdw*z 225ma)c. nion?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and q+pip9 4 gmd .r2bhe/rwas the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum de4 q.pirh/p9g r+bm2 turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a p9oh rq/.8(t2ay; 7i n euhq ;awctq3vuopulation of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of w;v8uuqa. 7 i9;athryq2ct 3hq /noe (the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution th.wt cg- efg;yi l3c1ok*hm:/yrough selective breedingwychm c-kyfgl ;gie1t*3 : /.o?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the -+/sn r:,qf bmh sab.isame, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the sama,h ibbq s. m:snr-+f/e. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, andn3lb8k2 rm h5 y2z*gdj a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correc g2h3rzlykd2mb8 nj*5t descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effec r ykn d d;nvyt2 4.p7jju91fp9.qt+clt of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls luppq7k .tt9n9jr2y d d.;fc+yv41nj of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radia.) ck5270maws shaafntion?

  Which statement best illustrates ib-9:uaqn c f3the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybristy h.nqi67v7xt hu8ob0):i vdise and form a new species. If both of the parext s v) vi7 i6u:tbo8nh0hy7q.nt species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selec2o +5 wan5ste 3m1ohjy( llbg3tion and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy resultg 05r2csi3mh ps in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given spec-tx;zn xnbtza; ; ha;*iation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler (genus Seui,w/a vvv1yz/s o:2stophaga). What is the best explanat/w vas/u ,2vov iys:z1ion for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation r g-iyjr-z0g9o(d oxm .esults in a single ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each.--i ojm y rx90od(gzg other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.