The diagram shows the haploid number of c9dcrx.dz n) q/hromosomes in a gamete. What could be thz.n 9 rq/)cddxe polyploid number of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the finfc.t(sxbbk+ -jp1)ohdp ( uz. of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are kd.(-(p+ pbxzf 1 .ojhub)tsc these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting thegf yzmk9h 9s6+ hypothesis that two populations f9z gy km9h6+sare two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female matequ(o(i vzwso*0ok )/zs by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns svz /iou0k(*qo zw)o( produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same locat 1 f0sgvaa6)csion?

  Which describes the similarities.b,ya3qg vxhvuj0 0; p2d.b+ h)z rgdz7eu(as and differences between isolating mechanisms in s)qea0dugh(7+zv rx;sb 0d.uj hbgy,p .z 23avympatric and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are o1s3sqio 3pq9b ften barriers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference betw lo/k ,qnp9*r qwhz7(jeen homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors thatoqpxvxx: s(27 can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct (:sxvq2xx7 po definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of simil*gymnz 2q2 a7uv7vbmp f*y0):nzg(h mar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually ojr,;ow yp ))o-b.ka gtccur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the i8,gv +ugyc7e first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Trit78,u yige+vcgicum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a populatiorn cn,yrs-p3q4poo u-i9:y1xn of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan tr o 9uporqpsn-y3yr4 n x:,1ci-oglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following q 98 zjsrxfb00usi kk1hg3- 4vprovides evidence for evolution through selective breedingk1 zkxs3q g-r fuh984vsj00b i?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while the o0pss* 3:d ,ubnz/fs btrder of amin bz*b ts:ss/ d0fn,pu3o acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromoju-f)u0h sko* somes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offs)f j ou*s0uk-hpring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been condury y yact 54j17wv-ck9cted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus9vjy4-w1 t7 5cy rkyac laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radia; mbsnml1 84cwb8 2(icay4wxgtion?

  Which statement best illustrates the proc;fp p62dbp5p8bok 4vv ess of evolution?

  Two species of smartweeaap7 s6.fprm(ss + fp+d (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies +aps7a+f f. spp(rms6of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contras rq3zow452/i2qv4)s vz /ik) iyj arntt natural selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive x z-6p9 ,ct xcuq1ne3xisolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correl0erp00w caha) g8-31r dedjyct description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feedib76b) rrudt4gng areas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close pr4br7 gturd)6b oximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving into mult2/(euie.loz( rcnk 4c iple, closely related new species which may live in close 2cier oec(u/(nk z.4l proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.