Which of the following does not cause coronary heart dis-agydtw i h k8z+hp0uw0/;mo77a (zsbease?

  Which component of blood is mainly compp ,::aqme9ob ca-ho 3zosed of water and transports water-soluble substances t- h9qe m o:bzoa3,a:pco different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featurf58wj(1r(m nkxhx f2se of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is copy-7 f x8g)trnrrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bloh q;oww m08a(uod in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured belowbetxq+8kf 7 +9kz**fn/aqi c z, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the studitq*knz /+ 7+z8b cexaqfk *9fy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and ft 1mxb, t nv0ft:bns6*unction of diffe01 txtnbv*,sbmnt6f :rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse secti5d j3 6k6atw2i llj3v 6p9 a4pl,lpnxkon through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which itzqh23 ) 2b+m4wb4 swos*c smko beatsqs4 m)3wscmz2so b2o k*h+4bw ?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure rrx*f). o(y6ef;mrmb qr4i3 wwater uptake in plants. *3xfyro. fw6rbm(qemi;)r4r

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemen-o pa1l3x pu9wt(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction.).hgg.8 pagrnt 6cjr of blood flow into and out of the heag8ctnhr.6. rg )j .gaprt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart lu pxq.99*,zj)regkn.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into tsmd4y n phhbem0(+*a 6mraa *4he pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following81qh mk pwd(87h1ccsd carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water all 5dfh9l7l4vc zow xylem vessels to transport waterf5 llh79cvz4d inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throuw d:vtyxi9eoct5w7 nn 5n(5 m8gh during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on 3wo hirebf8p4/ el-wyx +:4zsavgd 6 .blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stoia :gfwsh.p/x64+rdlov e -3yzeb 4w8pper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulat0eq *tju (*og8jcz2beory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of 6jqg6 ;d*9tjvmm h6c66vut xda heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a v ufbj6 :ey;ric6l c03cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zeal3r ycijuf v66bce0:; mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heaxv 5pn6d 2,wt3 smm6p6v d:4fpdp :rtort.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of k ) olem5ph2;kthe stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other park,op03kvcdoo 99 w k5cts of a planto cdp3 kwcko9,0 ok5v9?

  What is the position of the atrioventrh, p- xc-pia;ekgdh,l k2c, h8icular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the prp,-hah cip,hg-ce;l,d8 x2kkessure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose xd:zb5lc 1k6jtovvb u 9;, 5npbeing passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, beforeb vc,6j5n:txl 1b5o;uvdz9k p being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels 29p3o fnyl8uebj4 gs0 in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifica p93nyjub e4s 80gol2ftion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylemna)66z 2scep;/weszh rz1p: j vessels to be lower than atmosphepzrw ;6:2pnee hz) 6ac1jz/ssric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by rovhbr/ pc(afm*q0+ d j-ots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associatedk 8;cnotq b:4g with plaque buildup in the q8k;4g toncb :coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the hiipeve .j aj 8+fth:ok+ba703qghest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivmg7fwe,e5of (ely labelled carbon dig o 7fw(efem,5oxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the0p* np;6k +,hrrgebj0e 8uaq v phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pre s6 cvp09vupt:*gyc2:bg 5ze pssure within the sieve tubecgtse z9 ugv2:p: p05y 6cpvb*s near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents j4f(ffnyn1f.5wooj*g 01r 0lsysag3 the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and ow g ya0*05 1n1f .oyrgff4nfljjs3s(the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly ifqej0w m9m5rym w ;.wpyi n,)f:l9e7cdentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted ir; ,qjo.v o*gjnto a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plant*,; j vqo.rjogs.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.