Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disea/ak3)7z1yea fus3fbfmr;m t-se?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-f1y+; 6stoyt g(n/f z.yyyd 0esoluble substances to different parts of the body.yy(d;1f / fye +z0tsg6ontyy?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloemvn/v8 df38- earp0atbm b;b jj2yn(/ j?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tabl,tv50o7 *(pri1hxnt k4 9jkp eu:gppqe is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent tb69 w21) k. 2nwpvby( nccss ijpck68she backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plana:lg yl5lrhw c1n0x*p/.rdf) t which is often used as a model for the study ofa*dyp) c5nx:1 wlf0rhlrl/ .g seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the spe1(8dw v0gh:t+r kzp tructure and function of different blood t:8zvg pd1p0ewh rk+(vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trazxk i:*xb z,z: 3ntx4unsverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequencmc-ot ln6r5 x6epf71ewc 936m5e, m bggjy:yuy at which it beats-y1 on3mepmje6t7u6fg96ew rcy :l b c5x ,g5m?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to mea*z n9 39we01ygmz4v rfvajof(,i-ysj sure water uptake in plants.r- e f*,m3f(i yazvwj0s1oz 9ygnj94 v

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s)nd- u xd(im) iucyea; 95/b;ue is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction kjo05qa639 nb fotw)i4f 7j rxof blood flow into and out of the heart? b540xj7wj9 3 qi 6ofrton)akf

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human he j 2u)g5vtuqf3art.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into7iwkf zz*9.l.5g9a lsi yn3xb the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the followingafg i*fufk d*co23m98 ,itiq) carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xs2o c6/w/:8c6 jsi uc7mb4ncb tkc*wnylem vessels to transport water inside plann7uicwc2wbns/o *68sc:/ jcm6 t cbk4ts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass thr1w5r1 v fn:mxiough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation in.yj xl 9 2ougpuwt5j/*to the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelle*yuo9/5j 2wujpt .xgld.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fi usx.r x+56el d1x3xxrsh.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure:* ij yuyu:mw) of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an eld74 /5ilhkm1umvt z0cectron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the kizm c0vdu75h m 1/lt4monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the huma2iiew1 h lgq,a0je/+d n heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron miccyb2 +ap6 k*9zew 5y hlhh(e8f;rfs*s rograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evavd rhh+l9e*5kp 61s6sutv2 yzporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?kys*rz66 uhdep h+vv91l5 s 2t

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and sem8ly h,hy ,w+ptgd9*gfilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the predwhpg y g ,8flth,9y*+ssure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose )idhpmuky7e-9+ ti )abeing passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before beid)iy+ak-p 9m )htui 7eng transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taghq8o 57uxa0q s k9js r7igw-9ken at 400× magnificatoag 0s9 8j7rqigk - qwsx97h5uion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure insifip(7swo 1zi)de xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric owp 7)z1(fi ispressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the 2 h sidom /zeyz:2 -nwd10lt,esoil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in q38/,od:* wz ./xenfp; ap;jx ujlaper5j xh: the coronary arterzx:3/wa *j jx8p5j,;eqd:enh p;.pxrflo/au ies.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin coc.3w2 c- hizbgc qc7x5gw7f l8ntent?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which usgb xn yb48efz,bbhy8uij0775ed radioactively labelled carbon dion5fuz87b,y jx0e hib b8 yg74bxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem x30f1ndmw7 d rfound in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydros ts6b+uof , xc2umy3htma. p;)tatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves ;u6ms3oft+uy 2apt,.xmc h) band roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the lefhy 29.j xsrq6at atrium, left ventricle and the ao .96syjxraqh2rta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tablmghc/ x7z6jf6 bvc)2fe correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted iwt o-i z6v kv r.;dbgz.8s)4s,gfy*tb nto a plant. Aphids have been used to study transp dw*8.g. vz-,r4tskf bbzoiy t;6)sg vort in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.