Which of the following does nonn3d.uz)l y6csf.3 *x4bn ayf t cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composp+7ezwlf6 h.ku vlx1 9ed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different partx7.zewh9l 1l6u pkf +vs of the body?

  Which of the followiy,vm ,-83tq dulc6zj 2vx y g dri;)5ie+dkbo9ng is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is cora34z ky(s9)wmd9cl hgrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent thw 2i)(8klrx l7p(rr qse backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of fp55w4up*c ju)hue.b zlowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seb) j.ph 4e55pzu*ucuwed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of.xmu +jl7 8kny different blood vesselsj7xl 8my k.nu+?

  The micrograph shows a transverse sect-(.g9lz c dztxion through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in contr1tk bt55aqe k -k ijyqi(7;l+xolling the frequency at which it bea+qiqkxk j-e;a(l 55byk1 i7 ttts?

  The diagram below shows a potometehr, g/khp7eq8zbl p56 r which is used to measure water uptake in plants5kezrh6lp, h /7 pqg8b.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tr ) /gznn4+g,ek7w 4lxolkql0sue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direw8e cx),a1vos1vh 4 tection of blood flow into and out of the heart?v1 )c ehsoxew t1,v48a

  The diagram below shows the structure of thw. jfwu/pif74e human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped inpd 87 g,+ or-(9 cpqbahfr0jfpto the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the hearp 5areop -eg.+t?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessex zbdi.vo on dgc3)(12pj.iv7ls to transport water inside plants.3j.2z17gn() ibo dvdoi p xv.c
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem l6p) wj4m/vj tu0t*zbg oading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, sf *,h b3tzhsi,tudents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electrih, fz3b* th,isc water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulato .akqv3:yme: 11wel-dzp6ti b 9w a7sdry system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows thor ki)vxx6n19 op6v 0fe structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a croz /) q)griepq2ss-section of a stem of the monocot Zea m e)q) ipqrz2/gays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hea n8 oyqmt4(so //qqb*hrt.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron r.80 v 4t/j:zgb;zd vp (ykjhkmicrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporatiog0+x 54.dun:k aputlx n of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant:tl gx0au 4pndx.u k+5?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar vau .aqavcx yx 2g+ f;eja4e-/y1lves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle i2/+j c-q. ;xfag xya1a y4evues the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being p0v2n+ dig egl(;dkja tq2u/d(bz zc ):assively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plant. j2kd bac(2lve: z ugn 0 z(;+qd/)tdgi

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vess(nppck*1// /s6m6 woheluq hyels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnification.6su/lh61 hpn(emp /ky/*co qw

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be ul ( zg+mzzem7febi- dw(y-7. lower than atmospheri.-b gzi (- y7mlfzmed+z7u e(wc pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in tb3hjjzl ,x-7 she soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and j 7,if 2xxdqp 5c mmmx(*)iw6uconsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteriexm(5 7qx wufm)*jcdp26x i,m is.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin b7xf2nfh4cau4 0j ef;content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactive7z+dn4vg zw1fav3-gyus aexz/ ) v(i1 ly labelled carbowga)gza+u- y7z 34vfze/1d1v(invs xn dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast t;xqa+czf;:hz5o6 g :4dy(jxf 6nvf gmhe phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostat2; sj6 v bv.m oo;t qt5rcm;af.0go+ltic pressure within the sieve tubes nearao;q.+ ;6v mo t0mj5o; .vtgb srtf2cl the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atricmhj0qi* au/v;xtn)/4r m eu*um, left ventricle and the aorta. e)/4m/;q0hmcx vn i*ua tju*r

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifaw2e4r+ ciep/r9pq a-ies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with itybu o1in vk+6;s stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study tr +n1u;kyb6vio ansport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.