Which of the following does not iloot/vsfwen4 , u:+1cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and tran7 mo0c23t:ltl 3c3pznvgup :rsports water-soluble substac02p33 rcl :vg73zt omn: ulptnces to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/aouwh ur)-3q2z: erl8e7 gnxq w/db .0vre a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transporm d6rjp aqi7;: 5cu 6v7(ygrfut in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow orf yhy y (+r/ou3p8f1kf blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is rz 4boe 801*hsis)dwq a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for zo q hsb48ewsi)* 01drthe study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not co ( fit-;7k;mvac i/ehjrrect for the structure and function of different blood vess;fi;et/ vikc(h- ajm 7els?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section ld8 fd8hfn,h, xxg ) f 4s/b3a8t7jogwthrough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the h k *049gb4jjpjfa e(kheart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats? 9(*jhkap4 0jfejgk 4b

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is us.srwko- 28au0-egw st ed to measure water uptake in plants-r. u-tesow08kwg 2 as.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statements0hu.4rbi87nr 5vpu19 vy hob(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of th tr )0c:qcfb0+bq - t1grcg+loe heartg r0glft+c:-01bq bcqrc)to+?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heau8afw/-w ;j;2d s6cvq h0g rdlrt.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the oc p7 ;sym618xt osb(c8y1tluheart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood froa(4a)q 3,kx:o6 u gospdyqj bjv6v)2o m the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wat) k.uqddv( k:her allow xylem vessels to transport water insidehvk:dq)k( u.d plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pasfuppx0x3,6 k 4*kxtq+iz;l nz s through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of aa3 ivwfg(9v- vrtery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tubvgfvw ai- 93v(e and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systemut9l *4+gsmd8gt(w;x8 fvszgx:i (dx of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows them(o k(n4,s ,cayh. 2vfz+jjzx structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an el:;-w37v gfio 3yvwrjxzz5ur:ectron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays.jgv; r -:7ixu33zz fvrw5:ywo

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure oj x+gz73tznrg- brp9)f the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the mv04do j, w*zsmonocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on zx/slod-khn:z dg44ugkp 8)) other parts of a plant?s) 4d gk-/dz4po)gk luh nz8:x

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves a;ez adg5eg5xi1vea )ir -t87it the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left vd)r i-i8z7i;eex5a1g ae5 gtventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided*zl/ )dze8+mpze 2vdmfam 2/x, before being transportedme mz*m8 dxd2/zp)e2v+zl a f/ around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at - :u+)w3fj yv86l 6owg hzqkav400× magnificatig6ju:oya-h)+3 wl zv8fwq k6 von.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylemuh5ci4v9 hr.ih ph/9b vessels to be lower than atmospherruv 5 .9/hh9hbh4i cipic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in tftu*o:2brw g;bf1wh9qcidu( zv :h+ *he soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conseqqzmxgy 6x lha7o g/044uences associated with plaque buildup in the coronaryaoxxq4/ mzh 4 l7g6g0y arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followingzc8jb8-ck6 sh is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the reg1gj .(3 ;oqulkixp.psults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxid1lo.g 3k;qxugjpi(p. e (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem focb rs3qpwio.xcwqo/:53:w l4 und in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration an/; uvfjo2(gsdd hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the us j;o(f/dvg2leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the cms/2wdgoxq(i8 dy *3q hanges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta. dyq2oq(w 8di3m /sg x*

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies fea.h2g;tj;+ p/pqos kf c59cwiv tures of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphidp+no i+ z3we2v with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to stud2 n3evwizp++oy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.