Which of the following does not cause coronary heart;6- g sdnvlt4t disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water anp--y ;nblliw0d transports water-soluble substances to different pal -b;-in lpwy0rts of the body?

  Which of the following is) zlf2w(ipd 0v/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport 1ffcsikm15,) lc- rutin phloem?

  What helps prevent the ba .q2gww) qz6pnckflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is/ra7b5s8 ll.;owxc l u a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the strb;/78w caousxll5 l.udy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table bezijyqw),9ogo/1 +b lf zkd, 9olow is not correct for the structure and function of different blood veso gz9y ok,jl9+fo/zd)i1,wbq sels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse secti1*l*chj (m c**1 xiot,pm/d lhqr wwd7on through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling th u tkseb/np75:e frequency at which it bb5/ un7p:ets keats?

  The diagram below shows a possmiy9q7y/j(zjif6 :sg(pl4 tometer which is used to measure water uptake in pla ( sls/ ziy:9igf (jysmj4pq76nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s)59ecxvuy:26l3v 2kz dts rp:s/f9fen is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood s-.agvrkrhn wt:l6(: flow into and out of the hear-g:wrtns(akvlh 6.r:t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thyd o) e99vp4tl9)b0 4zafkzlugxu4ey;a) v4me human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped i)sxn32znh 3 yr k)i:mdnto the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to ew -jg)y*q4uiccq,6 i:vayq;the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive p6 w;e.lnz-r(ypnw)7 c+ fgd3ii mb3yaroperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plant6yrd zf; wl( mn i3i)cbae-7.3p w+yngs.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phw we*f,ug.;l hloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into wa)xm l)tq 6*08 trz/3 24hoafvn fresthe effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travmfsn* 2w v 4oa/)h l8r3 xtet)qz6r0faelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatorik,v qnx, b/h/b x62mfy system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart. y b e*zq;m;up6

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an edt0pa8p56d q ulectron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem opapd0dq6t u8 5f the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure on;hfv (;h v4plf the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem oc.h / +a3qnsetf the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapor.d:yusa /,*zl+tp egsation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant? azply +/use gsd,.:*t

  What is the position of the atrioventricular anludvm q+;y,9f7zzl e4 d semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure indlf9 ,4m y;7le uz+qzv the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passiwzqq2;z71po uqzmza98t)(l mvely loaded into the sieve tube unaided, befor82( q9zq ) uaw1ot7mqzzm l;zpe being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 4ihbnqbn fa6wp (1cc9-ae15+g+mw r2 q 00× magnicaw+ a9 e qbc5b pm-1+qn1gr2ifw6hn( fication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the8l1qii*ym25 o-eoonm pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than at1e 8o-o * inmyiq5mlo2mospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the suakwptn)z0so+8vtb 1) l /rf /g0 s0ukoil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequenzri. lhs3y/6u vlu3 g2ces associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. 6ris yu3vl3 /2g. hzlu

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to m.1( osyzup1chave the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which user1cmk5mp tg)em )vb20 g:wvq9d radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (14c2m1mp: g)bt g mr9v5vek 0w)q$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem f,hl ne)*o (fl )z(niqsound in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concx(sdoowp5abb8/6+jw6y v+b toa)b ,gentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes neart8 b/ aoa)5so 6o(b+6y,vwj d+ bpgwbx the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in0(nt (kqzcrdt8ll1v3 pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and th1 0vt(d8cr lt3(nqz lke aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features+zvbo h a;.,s9ryj9v)n b5i;ng rv y/d of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids zh1q u t7wkup9.me66vhave been used to study tran6.u6 q1ez9wk7 tmuhvpsport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.