Which of the following does not cause coronary h(vhp hh7jjvo*fyu aih7a-59ps a.- 2keart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of w;9afaxsm */nkater and transports water-soluble substances to dxaf;ma/ks9 *n ifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featujupq d:91d ,e7te4seb re of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport yh gw 339zu/cwin phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a venhb:dowovh7b5. * -s+mqgd.h in?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plantg +e ,x:*jglmxqf7 w,m which is often used as a model for the study of*m :gj,fe,m x+q7 xgwl seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the s:acx:us 2a k2io9 ,gxgtructure and function of diffiaxcx u:29 g ga,sok2:erent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse sec 3 j3nl2r8vnbetion through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involvedp*s q:rh9vyyouwq 66+ue* e6 8c 2yueo in controlling the frequency at which it beat*sq+ ro 8we9yu:yu6 ee662p*oy uhv cqs?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water92,a e)zdgoaoitzlqxums k9+ ra. 52: uptake in plam9ea,g ixoq a2 olkrat.us z529d:)+z nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tg(d6 kla.1igcz/i /v+ ti8mo orue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the b e;r* xa4s(zbl-l ug+q8pwb6 direction of blood flow into and out of the heart? (sb l- gr8q;+ebwl6*puzx4ba

  The diagram below shows h49aj,pj gnk5the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmona t3p9v:vr6:nlss ut0pry artery?

  Which of the following carries oxyge 6. ,b pnytvuh8tcse/pbni )8:nated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tran6va lh .) osxzf -98so*e.jppesport water ino fszp.apsev* 9h).le6 -x8o jside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phlo c69xx/x j)chvn /nw98ncclk-em loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of arxe,1 i*b -wi ,dk;2nrwrg/wtwtery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pum; itkn21, wewwbdg,r x*/wr- ip was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systeyk ew7x8g e2f,b wy-:rm of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart. / u* ug+ (zwz2eumdeoiqgq:/j )u0n y8

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron mi4wcz-qf0rf1k crograph of a cross-section of a stem of wcz4qkf1-0 fr the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structdludbzz:6p .: ure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the mono;pbyg7;nmz0kw pq* ;p cot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other park.+w dam1.fg lts of a plant? .adm k1.w+flg

  What is the position of the atrioventriu *uqyl/* i s;sqxdf 73vl66dxja2*k xcular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at slx* y6**7uvd 6/3 ksa ldq;u2x fjqixwhich the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intoz.8j viasc;*o the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plant. j z8vcis*;ao.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a develop.ho6 6w1 qxyy9olbn7nx /q1fning shoot taken at 400× ma61nq 1h x67qnfx/ ynoy.9oblwgnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the prz ;7jpx-lp k/qessure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric7/ kxzqj;-plp pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by r0f ephr925kkm8 i*dtsr j.q4zoots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque *uku0.viwbdmwc5 oy 63 zx7f6buildup in the coronawu d7 6cbf0*y6.xuom 5 iwv3zkry arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following ikh1qx/x.bc12 e wvr r 6c98fnxs likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labex(v h w/;c6idzlled carbon dioxidc /zw;v 6xh(ide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem k u )r7 h*xd(j9b2cigmmp d.5sand the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydr d3(gm3:bt hbmvnw2 nrvt66q 6ostatic pressure withi2b vv63: mntth6 (3g6nw rmbdqn the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below representscp u:luzm v/sxx .d69/ the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left vent/pl.x ux69 szuvdm c/:ricle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table corre7bj9hg3mt nr; ctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet in9t9yiud( q;t3gwrwb4 serted into a plant. Aphids have been used to s4 tu;dr3qt( 9i9ybwwgtudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.