Which of the following does not cause cort5 cw e;9jdnra4 n;c1uonary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transportszkyo.j-j k7gg/i:e4 q water-soluble substances to different partsyq4jo:/k-.z kjeg7ig of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem? k:l5.3tnf uh// pa+gw5uqrg g
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is nkfq s aa q;jzxy/8 3s.ji638a6xe+ph correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bl..bb,;l y syk hoq9t;9xnu3xaood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used a91r7yd mej7(vzeoy+f/ a :j rds a model for t (y jry1oremjvd79dzf7a +e/:he study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and nqhgc 7kb5z -)*zywg-function of different blood kqg-nz - *57)gcb hywzvessels?

  The micrograph shows a g1jwsfy,+mj6 transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart ibt 3md4c viq:zsa.:s +)0dt jks involved in controlling the frequency at which it beatsb.idt k) +:s tzqms cav:0d34j?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptakek-jfnutcj*jkk8pb3 xbp,n93 u,v8vta( 4 r,z in planx n j b8r fk8t-uv,bnkj*czp,3,p9(ktua jv43ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/ackq0ir0 cbo +t 21zym:re true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into d 2,kjign8i myqp7 f;2 q5q(dband out of the heart7k;ip(5q8bdidyj22q gf ,qnm ?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hu xz11q(uqad (zor9dv0yq5d i. +mdf( xman heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the hear)w z2 1rok3h0mqu0/sql05mjcbw 1cp p t is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heae8gb s2sbyc br yi)dd; gi8:81rt?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vesjako */-dq9s: v lckf s,:4rjnsels to transport water insida*rk :lc,j4/-jvo9sqd n k:s fe plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pto; ..at-7rf9 ;v cshqy3bzytkx( +2db*dz tqass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusik bcb7w) 2yq6a 9yqm ot,q;nk8on on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with nqa 9 y8qcb7k,tw omqb;)26kya rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below representsn8y1u+nij+bd s+pl r . the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a kxd ui+p.9 3(j nkp(lzay2- l+4i cfnxheart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micr).f 5kwqr 5ctdograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Ze.kc qr5ft5 )wda mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structur 1;klo;dzrcw9 e of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph z3e (xjgmqyaca69f.szf4o1jn2 4 o1zof the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water : *u-n)vyfgs:0kag5i+ty q rsin leaves have on other parts of a plant?0u :it vq)s5ngfgy-*:+r aks y

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at k:j*xdbpi 0y6the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in tbp*yx06: d kjihe left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passiv/hdfsjqcmm4:y/7:mkv i rl 2 .ely loaded into the sieve tube unaided, bef/drkv7 c/24jhy s: mf.miml:qore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessr9y 7 r;.zl m:jy llwu08c4envels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifjl.e v:lc 9u4zrw08r n7l ;yymication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lo.2 go h r)ky,2*pwmnkxwer than atmospheric pre ,2 )hokg*mnk.r2pyxwssure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil abf e-a5c +ug4b.zj3m rasorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and nyh.lkgo,vy q7g1f ;t cj,v+4 consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary artey7c,ogglvh ;+1y jk ,qv.4ftnries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest l c07/mss7n0nuubbtm61kg fg: ignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioa)hw. nhx *kn+s wwxn2csf sjxx:-59 *fctively labelled carhxss5.snw 9:*jn wnw-cx2) xf+fh x* kbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the 9b k5k11 qwanistem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentra a7y si2mibsh3omr/(ck5q 6f+tion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and ko( b6yh3+/7 csammq2si i5frroots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left xi3rqj7t2+ vuwoi4b f zl*9b p0l 3l1jventricle and thrj biq3it7lo bl lvf*293wj41p 0uzx +e aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of2 x:l g(dwx)kybnzz +4u0-xds sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant.8wq. ue 9t9 be*econ/v Aphids have been used to study transport in pla9wq9on*c et e.e8/vubnts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.