Which part of the synovi eqbk 2f: a4tn8dmx,(yal joint envelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures are labeled I anxwtiu ghije.9/fd5, + d II 5g ixwet h/9+u fi.dj,?

  The diagram below shows a synovlkbq *apeb.zc5a-lz,wbv* a 8z8 h88 fial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for synoviav;tv brg 8-pswonddp z673 ;9dl joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the sarcomere to initiate the procunc6r 2g 8hvz3rjsa +fq8 lv86ess of muscle contracta 8j+sn 3 rc26lhr8zguv8qv 6fion?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), to jump v, t(q:bx*uy svery high?v(s, x*bytq:u

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a reason for it/c.z wns9rj)f to move?

  Which of the following brings aboutls-q e.4xhm7h movement of the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna tadornoides)w3v*ck c*/9 vltg tpo+.
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acantht;n1( b6kzaagv9 9wp bospermum), a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Sphenpa6w9n1 t ;kgbbavz(9iscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below re.nczooga 6,zse 8 b77hsf10mxpresents two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during muscle conf 8 sxh,g7 b .za71zn6o0cemostraction?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for 1-hobb - q *2izc7 0xknnimy8nswimming?

  Which of the following statements rel *oky1+gyza;qqco r -.ates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic musce2nmv238(unr z wq hic+tk45s: evz)t .0qgdsles move joints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis during muscl(rhl/4se2 u93 i 8uzmg;waqij e contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic retxs+;tkf6myy5+b:st jx.i4d 1ldl h7xiculum and the sarcolemmax+jt ;ltmxk+s 5y 6b4 xi1f .dh7syld:.

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in.o;- lcdqio4 ;ervl3s muscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcop2mwwta,0hck04 :wj kvlasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma. 0w,h:0j2akm wk wvct4

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.