Which part of the sypa fuy4tv+a5*ccgtcy(m4zra- b.)o r n f.56 enovial joint envelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures are labele+q h wq72xoed)d I and II d2e+ow x )hqq7?

  The diagram below showho8;gqpeds*1lc 2yja 8dd/q2uzmpqc y)/9 s +s a synovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for syg8r2lomd;fozc4z181a0 ga lxnovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filamisewt 3dj58+cents in the sarcomere to initiate the process of mu t83s 5cjdw+iescle contraction?

  Which feature allows insectli)a (l-a3mtupxkgt,2,x pl9+yn 4tk*a 2nmas, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), to jump very high,k49 -+ utai lx)mp3t p*ya,tnlakn2(mlx2ag ?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a /ias*vzz,iuc2 k/u9 s reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movement of4x o83-zzefw1u q mo.s the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna t282qp7rgwvb uadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermu, (xvhiu2re-orz 4o0s m), a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscu2 rz 0o, sx-e(4iuvhors humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens d:u :q yal,mq+huring musclqml + q,a:yu:he contraction?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for swimmingta5 l1mr us;j3g5qvx+ ?

  Which of the following s*a u/ak;i.g e 6(bhkigtatements relates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move joints, giving an exg- osx2bf+h z4 /is+oxample.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis dtytpr4*-r1p.ddso,i* b o6q ruring muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril0)s2 odi8r:mrc y mke7, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma. rk2)e:ys0c d7orm i8m

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in musc;s0xuh5mlm w0 8xh. tkle contraction?

1.Distinguish betweeny bv 0q4w-o u4+isgihzf xjxq90g3b+4 a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma. 44of qy x4+z uh+g-sgbqxvbi3 900j wi

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.