Which part of the synovial joint envelops tr m -q6; bet,vxg2:,eus0 yqdnhe synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures are labeled I 1pt v7*ejr;xkv:ed xs5bu;:n and II ? :jxu5 eb7r1 ;*tknve: p;sxvd

  The diagram below sh qydu(2 exda +xtje)f62c1f7 iows a synovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements akd +rq2ufox7fuo 60 u-re true for synovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the sarcomere to initiate the process olen /olu4hu:+ f muscll4 ue/nul+ :ohe contraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus),2:*orj1g certhj g(zz/q j x:9 to jump very high?he1:z z jj92*octr(/j xgrgq :

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which iymti - gxp (s++mg3:1ixuy.oe s not a reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movement op 0+o0b 1aut r7ce2tiis89vquf the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australia: 5x:mk/o hz in (zsz(q7mdl7en shelduck (Tadorna tadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sesp( eryb kh2*5x3c;g q6 h:yzocsile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), yk2(5ochyq*xg 3 h6;epzb r:ca motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents lfgwp3y7z: 1 glf9-2jmqkd*b two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during muscle z1k g3*7 f:f-my9qlb jlw2gpdcontraction?

  Which animal forelimb isp3/4 49s(dfv+kz.6dz3vlllvw- o gewvg0j s f adapted for swimming?

  Which of the following statements relatesg4x 6ty) 1w4bt 0sytzn to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles mov,tge0;( cw nlbe joints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are truex5lh+iu : aq.e for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarberi0r hht5 rvf.1 i,:coplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma.ev r:, b5rfi.0 h1hitr

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in m.+ w mndiumgfxz,gptw6 g24- *uscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibrafcg,q-a zybwk* p1 bt)o1f/9il, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma.fc za9- fbqowa,1y tpk*gb)/1

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.