Which part of the synovial joint)-ygph 5aydz3j gv, *j h,k6ti envelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures arv*i./ kers1b 4vj: k/qo a9hdhe labeled I and II ? evb9/*a4v ois./hhj1: d qr kk

  The diagram below shows a synovial 4)qt4 vd(ch6,qa xzpf joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for synovial joints? r8p 7uae;4 dww
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filay9t1rai 7 hl8f8ka;m8sf /lbv ments in the sarcomere to initiate the process of muscle contrac1f;av/ kmh98 t7a8ll8fibrs ytion?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryll0aso n/yrek-5p y ,x6nus bimaculatus), to jump very hnnk0e6 rasx-yop ,5 y/igh?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a rq5mdz zrpxh t6cb1f(eep:,-1eason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about mzwvhe uv)i0ck 1:.8df ovement of the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian sheldulbgm,a oa2jhb3gt1(,n b8p 5ock (Tadorna tadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acanthospe5(uxiel9uj3jn8 cf.p ol,8mmrmum), a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), a moti(lf9u838pmnco.i u5, el mjx jle organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below representsf tq-g+di *nu e70zf.b two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during muscle contraction?di.* gtn bzu -0f7fq+e

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for swimmin ;n tkc(sv ;4-*h+zvi p2diteng?

  Which of the following statemeyp rd2 o/ j6tqtaz )kn;,dy+q+nyq-* mnts relates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonisi: grcswjn6 51tic muscles move joints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP fb0 8g4obw ikyj;m45p hydrolysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish betwee mbk*hj4-;,urm ze5pgn a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma.je b5;k-mrh,4gpu*zm

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events6 3xvxeja 5s/mied0 n9 in muscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemmu ps;u uv+ nq1s;w (x)pyhl-q *j*9wpzapux* y hq9+swpu(;p)s-uqj1*v w zl;n.

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.