Which part of the synovial joint envelops the synovial fluid? n copuh )do)kvk;huq+30 zy,.

  The diagram below represents7vv :20dorbp w a sarcomere. Which structures are labeled I and II bpvowrd7:20 v ?

  The diagram below shows a syn/ p9e6tw2ct3dia3 g v.smr:irovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for syno: )iuade11 ay/fgt 5wqc so)w4vial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the sarcomere to initiatow *(-)tij3fp twtzq5d9f; gy e the process of muscle con(iotqj;- g *f d)9ft3yzwt 5pwtraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllus bimacu -kors/a 6oh;ylatus), to jump very higros; ho6k/ya -h?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Eq1pc .h(wfdm 4huus quagga). Which is not a reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings abouznbq)2 q+vbv vmky9o 8 :tr+ 68qo8thpt movement of the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Austra7 8w opouv(*omlian shelduck (Tadorna tadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African 92+r s rfzxfx9m l, kpr*v2tf)daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sessile organism and a Humbofks r zxtf)+pf2r,2l9* 9mxvr ldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represet /ff e54tnxk-e;m* kgnts two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during musclg-f *xk;mf 54ntet/ eke contraction?

  Which animal forelimbw( b;o;pnd.z s4m4vci1aod )p is adapted for swimming?

  Which of the following+q0obu v:;o p7 m*+wff5sszow statements relates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move joints, giving an exampb * furqxhd ,-ib83bs5le.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolyiesuzt;d47 a rd)g0 v4sis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the so6x6: penpl; t-e(or0kv8 yhkarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemmar;y68hk0on: (e koelp xv -6tp.

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the corred dgo41;e6 lv4ksa5qzqm/d ;rct sequence of events in muscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcopla+; pp/b74eyr(j ynydr9 i:xwosmic reticulum and the sarcolemmarywp 4(+pj;9:do7 irnx/by ey.

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.