The Arctic cod, ringed seal, killer whale, polar be gr/dwj cx660 gj-6:aee:ktdl ar and other organisms live and interact with each other in the cold a-:c60ekdgl:dw gxjejr6t6/ waters of the Arctic Ocean. Which of the following terms best describes them?

  Which of the following would sjts// ,/kzssj,ayofnl9 ;/s not be considered an abiotic factor?

  What best defines a hm 7 d-na7qnkxs* r3ug05ig lz0abitat?

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and a large biomass with high pro q69yz- 3xjjs 6qei,vbductivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of many interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the physical environment thejj6qez-,9v6xyq bsi3y inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plant growth in arid (dry) enviro:s9oq -ibr aqqbeil2,s d8k.2 nments?

  Which of the following is nu,kd n6ptf+ids49t 4uot a factor required for coral reef formation?

  Which of the following is the most appropriate to measure using a line transectyl1v 7ab9ieb a i9vaa b(y)mrc56*(dm?)7vcy( 6a 1li bim 95(em*db9 aaabryv

  During a field day, students were asked to inve0d tjd71 8ytem 1vt30de8-ru1v qediu stigate the effect of soil salinity on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance from the high tide 3-8mddt8iy uq1e11d0jtt 7ed uvvre 0line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factors9zwrf3en3le6adp0 k 0j5bec8wom/ 9 v create biomes?
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterisedv 0jdrcxvo9--.a+ +a2x kmqdy by high temperatures, high rainfall-cd+jk2q xrvyd a9a-.0+x ovm, and high humidity?

Marram grass, pictured bqh + uxr+d*1xzja vdgj (ck6a6:i-) uielow, is a plant species often found growing on sand dunes. c+jza rg(i *6ia6+xd h1xk u-qv: ud)j

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictured below, is found in the tropicalsx/p cfb yae.. y)5+fw96 baby rainforests of Central and Sbx) a59.wpbf /bca6 ys.y+efyouth America. It has buttress roots that extend above the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms spxl74/wo yak-c xsxu*4r41kh gecies, population, and community.

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.