The Arctic cod, ringed seal, killer whale, polar bear and other organisms live a s9;e9i4uly g8r 3iyhend interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean. Which of the following terms best descril39heu;rsyy4e9i g i8bes them?

  Which of the following would not be consideretno673qjj.( n9r(c/it v d, hluw pk2zd an abiotic factor?

  What best defines a habitamt kej-hhop8azq8jw,w2+hk :;a; t t2t?

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and a large biomass with high pro ;oz02 gvdc5+k qj7dbskhgv .4ductivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of many interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the p75hqbv4;dk0 j+s2zv . ok gdgchysical environment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plant growth b+awyu +zpy -(. xxua/8hbc2yin arid (dry) environments?

  Which of the following is not a factor required for coral reef fol bygn o/f /,.mzf7ngrwu)x4+rmation?

  Which of the following is the most appropriate to measure using a linau o3zk6y+u f8mls5(upy 0 s3qe transect?fu o38ymus 63+up s(lqz5kya 0

  During a field day, students were asked to investigate the sda 9q690mrfweffect of soil salinity on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance from the high tide line was taken as an inf9 dsqwa09mr6dication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following fac-.k 7i9p.xyx-n mtqritors create biomes?
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by high tempe8x a/z 66.cn/cegcapm r1vk+eratures, high rainfall, and high humidze nvc. kme/1gxp8+ ac6/r c6aity?

Marram grass, pictured below, is a plant species of. (xs u:ryk7euten found growing on sand dunes. ke:y7u( s.u xr

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictured below, is found in the tropi9i2tx 5t9exjnl v:o jdn5, 6bccal rainforests of Central and South America. It has buttress roots thac9:ejin,25bd t jxn9vlt56 x ot extend above the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms species 1y/ axjd-r9:bickd /p, population, and community.

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.