The Arctic cod, ringed seal,f x+4l330ihgv ,nc2 njvmw9ne killer whale, polar bear and other organisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean. Which of the following ter 4,w2e+nv9 mgc if0 n3hnljv3xms best describes them?

  Which of the following wtp knqkq4):d2ould not be considered an abiotic factor?

  What best defines a habitat?c h- cbav c7ywhuk0pz3,+d;bu0 :w iw4

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and r9ua -l u2:,onc8fuk np2gab,a large biomass with high productivi2bn 9,gac:ufu2 ln-,puako8 r ty, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of many interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the physical environment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plant growthak+/dpjs4 m:/;ggi9j hxsq /i in arid (dry) environments?

  Which of the following is not a factor required for coral reezhz-z3*d/0l*get uhw3 5ddmkhr k8n 3 f formation?

  Which of the following is the moecyq 7kbc9/i xf9f8 m07nf0gost appropriate to measure using a line transect? fi bq97f90ycefcmg 78 xno0k/

  During a field day, students were asked to investigate the effect of soil salik: thtk4 u4 0ha0ymym(nity on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measurkyat44mt0:y( mkuhh0 ed the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance from the high tide line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factors create biomes?s( ghovx n-f4eyrc .7g,tf:(j
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by high temperatures5 a02u9t uwfvxzc0 vs:, high rainfall, and high humidity?af 5w vu: 200vxcuzt9s

Marram grass, pictured below, q q+-n,uz4braf 7g:clis a plant species often found growing on sand dunesu-g7a+rql 4,z qcnfb: .

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, picturick/ j ree;yb4/j7ea+g56 hnhed below, is found in the tropical rainforests of Central and South Amhe/a; ie4 y/ b6kc75+jnjrgeherica. It has buttress roots that extend above the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms species, pop:2nu yi1 vg8fhulation, and community.

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.