Which row in the tabl v g,8ddi:rg1te correctly describes the shape and function of a named proteid1:8d,g vt rgin?

  Which nucleic acid carr 3jl1v3 y kad6o7vpy4h3ibp.dies genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause fgumy p qpci14)hu,*q)2pv )fmutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tasg-ugt5.2bvvnpb 7c2 ble.

  Which of the following wjy6 8 ;j0xvyir-zj bmnz0d5q6 5iq:qstatements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bondshu3s m(d89fru)z 0h py?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge)zhz:eg q92y anetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptu4 :wl,oj.guyyjik,i5 rvm 4 ,ide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the g)t, alj(8zkwe enetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bindi0sm5w 2xj.h6t 75 ocy vlx.rxb4jk yc,ng sites. Which statements are correct for the functions ohc txk6lw.52y.4jy5x0jc mbx7ro , sv f these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘pv8v71p pogbvpl85t 7 the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the followingfc3 l3pknn0z7xe5 y)l reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amincnz3lpy53lk) e0fn 7xo acids?

The diagram below re1cr)cjauh b.8presents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transca 32u7zs,qxd /go.a fyribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z? uqya/,a 27s. o3fgdxz

The diagram below shows th3l jgg lvb1w**e genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tranxn(cqq x ls6tx,(;u 8xslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following showapps5* j uv) ubkg0:4 m98swqts the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a p+ya *3o ps jyj7(odgt,rotein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain cogjjpt +3 (dy 7*oy,asontains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the followidg qhndi))oeoji) 8pmb 5d ;/)ng nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule thazvye u t+c/k7- w+fs5et plays an important role in protein synthesis. +f-ws7/zktye evc +u5

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occu- gcxo q9ame,rn*f 9+svb0 hf4rs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of t*9q-+f gro cxf,b0sme4vna9hhis type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatix xeve)h4u1 )bh9g:ij c cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantlixe g4h9:j) bx1 vueh)y affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies ths7 9na xd6sl b9r+2erh7nhy 5o(u 9gao prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRN dy8de* qp+c:eA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position d*cp :8ye q+delabelled R?

The diagram below shows the p0. 3 a(cnzpei yta52preplication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokariwop o50q07v (slx61 eqgj 0hbyotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have din/tw/yr3 g7 qr8op+s3; ezgb gfferent numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows yoe3p8g/ qgz gb;+ nwr3rt7s/ the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic coz qq n2y-m4uh(de.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA moleculmntn 2rfu**q8e.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote py8a va+ea yd l8;/atf7roduce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in itlay78y eada+ t;8av/f s genome?