Which row in the table correctly describes the shape /gxi3y6vvp5 5nbohch 1g xn15 and function of a named pro5535gbiyxvg1xno/ p vhh6n1c tein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proto, /7h-c b+9tmpaqlzteins?

  Which of these does not cause mulb o6 pyq): nigs--xuz32hh-ytations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic cod2lf (op)u( dofe table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding td: 3ac *y0eagmmn*0yfranslation?

  Which of the following contain peptide ld xc+uze +7 ffhhn.(r1yn h: (excl.,bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genechp3a; ih/ ,po 2sxo6mtic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following c/;tw6uuzul; o2u0jwif 5bs 8xontain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic code.6z 59jeq,l wyhr 9w-dw


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the fur cv u7b.2gycioj-dh1+4cv 4rnctions of these srurhj1.44v-i2doc c b 7v+y cgites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ meb+ayg8m/n5t* z827d(p a3g.ntr nvj e6 eqkrxan?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipeptide frpydju 2*m/mk6h vq 7,-y 5xjtrom two amino -mq7 tu ym6hdjv,2*py 5rkxj/acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translation. ,1q /xmi* g3ngnxb n;n

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indc;qfz9jh 68k cicated by the label c9qk8;fh6cz js X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the58 c5 ,n.x t3jnom atjxq:ph*h genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not true? syky6ys ux6t38* jbo0w6dfh ,
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequenpvnhe)c(,i bpg o+:sf mp46zlf k50o/ce of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide 5ep577wiohjl* cwlkh7,-lg(ro8 ds k chains, each chain contains rk,(wlwglej57 khco-57 * 7odp hlsi820 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNrgr za)yll311: s4ds zA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in proter /8wjzkz4 7vami0yzi2 nqsf 2 )8dud5in synthesis. dn iuwkv05z848 sy7zaqmj)2zr i2 fd/

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produc *aybpxdc t21i.j ddo(h;ay h+0v +y/ued. Which of the following is not a possi; 0 adt/y(v+hao1x*c.h 2diyudbjp+ yble consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a soma1.h/o v0ros+awc,wusb;)q4u1nk fk stic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following co osuh.0 +/41 us ;nc 1wkqafw)bsr,vkould most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to/6c1h8p y nlis63ag ym5zld v6 prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRN)t-( 1xzb(teo buzz qyl* 4s1bA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labe4btqb1( -y1xzutles )* ( ozbzlled R?

The diagram below shows the repliwr ad5ig:x:wfx6hu i c,:0s*wcation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotiws.7nrl,cgvu g .z*om;+pv :ec and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers t.ex9)h et4 djof genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five9 .jxeh) te4dt species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of t64 z7nev y*vhy npwz8(he genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragmen:9s esshbf5; hpwt 3ok.5gk a*t of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA tranp8 :*oul*y:wrbkl ,la +qgnvn- qw*w+scripts than the number of gen,8wpu:ra*l+y *n-qlvq:gwn* ow bl +k es in its genome?