Which row in the table com5n+94 jx 4c*t khuskqrrectly describes the shape and function of a named pro tq4 k4n+ 9hukjx5*cmstein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genet2jjzlv.f2x )zic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does nobh ;*y buxiri*9)e/ojt cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the gh5q e:8itmp3k enetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is fa0w+ l) e eh8h *pjw,)hkzl*gdalse regarding translation?

  Which of the following contl:w-6f mqkiv/ain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetir r;uz o :+a2fv.(jh5hufo tl1c code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contm0r6 waggmv;tr(7f4w,ly iu+ ain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the ef,z6o+pof )jlr z( z7genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Whicl ong)49sts v;h statements are correct for the functions of )tvgso; 4 ln9sthese sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is unil8acp u ysky43px2zn(uzc101 versal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in fr6 qye4 3j9r50qos .a1 qvkna. e/evpthe formation of a dipeptide from two amino aciy9q/ve6p qoree 0 vk15j. a. r3an4qsfds?

The diagram below repreoj()(2h oprqou1+;4pp zkpg/, dnsn7 f /wkilsents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What w9q9l f-3 )r.0n lne4a hgkgkestructures are indicated by the labels X, Y, and Z?n9rk.fhea0geqklg 3 n9 wl) 4-

The diagram below shows the geneti5l +9-niof4mk5; mu 1ag taxqpc code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not trueror*aubrk1w+q y 06kej)d d-8?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNAl0+:kt: )x)kixc yt ezrs*pd2 synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypep)r3nx84p 9 opr+cpkystide chains, each chain conta3+nropp8 rsp4k)9 xcy ins 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense)c vgu32 e.ix3k strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule th.vambd5 ds.ue /)k 0cfat plays an important role in protein synthesis. )md5 c/eubsfvk. 0d a.

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutati lbhmyiwo v4q.7n3vqx6)e-i 3on occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type ofqhyi 4-wbxo3l3m)7q .e iv6 vn mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal qq: 6we4b b9sxas a result of a mutation, which of th964:bw qx sqebe following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation obb( l om vmgm1w*n( lk/ 8haa):,ytmy3nly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of thev- 7owwhmd: 3w following would bind to the position3w:mo7-w vwhd labelled R?

The diagram below sh4w jgr5j.8d2a * u,: 8fjjvctapibl7nows the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcri k11 iou1twi,.)wy oyxv5 ydy8ption.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes characteva de(b2 ewk59 ,+plscristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of geksbvw+2c,(a ele 9dp 5nes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic6 cvlro5t hv 0x6b,gg9e2ctc9 code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule7weazk1eu*( so wea 51.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than th8s0 pxbi,4g 0nu( sopwe number of genes in its genog,s0p4 ownbsxp0 u8i (me?