Which row in the table correctly describes the shapes27ii,p )cd kn and function of a named prote)ics,7np2 kdi in?

  Which nucleic acid carries gepcq1e1iw 2 daz*u ixg37hgw 7(netic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutatsiuvq zcb11,. ions?

  The diagram below shows thetqtk9m*jh4m ok8v/ hgt uc+,fn1c :l 2 genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false jy -mrzayhz67b z:+o2 regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds?c,the aaq6 986*xr nid
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic c m(v)t0k j*uweode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide be09c/llvrjc,dh6;4xvu yo g;onds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gec+k9btyy mcco +h4.)p e*an ,fnetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for tznw bm hqt 15s-rhw yxnz+ohr:(;ds)rm59, 3ahe functions of these sitemxrz)o19n h m:wsw5 yt n3asrz5qdhb+-r , (h;s?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is univers8v/zi to3 c3 /qd)knz+tyn(r pal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions resultf awh 8d-7a*pls in the formation of a dipeptide from two a d ha7lw-8a*fpmino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of translatio 6nj7 hq(vji2 6;wiwkrn.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. Whatj9n3i, s f jxp+s3qtw5 structures are indicated by the laj9 35fjsqt3s,p+winxbels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic codo9so2 cc(6y* pzubeg9e.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about tre c1 9kaew8zd1o 7sk2oanslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following showrf :d(o)1o8rst 8 /sovy kkt(os the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three po*vnok:-n7 sj nvxlys v9/6ik2lypeptide chains, each chain coivons6lkxvy / *vn k: s792j-nntains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA conf3g,)rkcfss bbqv l2 2xcve 9j3e25f+ sists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an b 6 xms-t nf8y*:ht.vhimportant role in protein synthesis. bv*.x : 8sf6tt-y nmhh

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is m5a38 )qx dcemx4 cku1not produced. Which of the follk q5 c3ueax xm)4cm81dowing is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell he vi;+b71ex )kw r57cuhkl u-is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significanblh- iehrxwucu;+vk7 )e k157tly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only amsvue x).5kd kp k1m25fi0 j-tpplies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA moleculeyz f-rcez,.a q 0(lb5 b:1ffha. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled f-a.a lf0b 5ec1 qbrf(hyz, :zR?

The diagram below shows the replication of)5 s :6kz fgw zon1n3-yp9hkmb DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prok e iij(7lqe/o :fj,isz,x0o 3caryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes charac w wt8t;hp5 ax/018a;yyv8ukcu 3 pdxzteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five s ;w;8kuz/hx ua0wpyadc8x p1tt 3 y5v8pecies.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the txamb55(g.gmdmu po6t*w 5 /y genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short zol tm)3/q)stfragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNg5p m0o;6eopc uj,n1e A transcripts than the number of genes in itpeeoj 65;g m0poun c1,s genome?