Which row in the table correctly describes the shapm7j 7bd pba;d8e and function of a named protein7 bap8;md7 jbd?

  Which nucleic acid carriesff9wzq 71nl9u.c6/oay0m q pa genetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mu63pmkrkk rsou6b41 6rtations?

  The diagram below shows ti* wr uebi+0t,he genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatio5 x0p0xcb0zkfx: kk2dn?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonfhia-ysyk/6e x m(bl tq6/ 2:hds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gen1r:s7b7 -etk ad8urzbetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following con-)m w6d r 1ngsf2ihyl-tain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below showsgdc yp+l iu,:l )d9z6h the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Whi l-ooz69uceg 7ch statements are correct for the functions of these site-go7 9elu c6ozs?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ me1(.jzko9si ; nm5vrmean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the fo ntq0rhm*dx 56rmation of a dipeptide from two aminr *0xqhdn5tm6o acids?

The diagram below represents the prcgy hmlk.4 cq01xv 9(pocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structur/6azyg11, izz 9qoi oves are indicated by the la, 1oiz61y9zqvog/aiz bels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the geneticqofri : n3b zj.ism53,*bs9ri code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translatioswa:vuw* 1jb o+ag2 + jnzu4(pn are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis? oxi 3.,ehd; *2qf6k n(o yhsq1/vdnag
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chaina*fd(e/pc cciamwm- :x( p *o-s, each chain contains 2xoi ce-wpmfc:a*d(p (- *m/ca0 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) str/p ze5e v:mmn.f-eix2zzb)p1 and of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that p0y8 )otdi;ky-t :x krwlays an important role in protein synthesis. o:r;dt 0-ik)xyt kw8y

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. sunw)ksw/y +z(vpt )2 Which of the / (kv+)w nysp)us2twz following is not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a m:-3t :*doov ncym (aqiutation, which of the following could most signyvtn-d m:q a:*c(oi3oificantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applie/+l 4q4ex5i dqqwh. vfs to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA0r)m:)fbw:)xjn uhpr:qr-g v molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled Rw)f0nrmj)uq px)r :h:-bg :rv?

The diagram below shows the repli9na 6xaea+ c:zcation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukfgm m--w5p:lbaryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of livin (77ryi,x kqxeg organisms have different numbers of genes characteristic to them. The tableyr 7x,eix(7q k shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the g4)dmqn6hps , q0 a,qfh 9.5zxhjlmy/ senetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecux qeu(nmnw)6qv 56lj *cu/0bale.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce w)lug+ w+bxv; 8k;lxdea9u *c a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in iluba*dwg9x ;;8 xev cuwk)++lts genome?