Which row in the tablej9on qro(f1c:lc +e)r correctly describes the shape and function of a named protec er c: fn(l+oo1qj9r)in?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codi+ hy0le b4kq8ung for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutatkjg d7;b x*neo n32)ppions?

  The diagram below sho)zpors v p7h6f)n;;,brdp/cg ws the genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regardixm0da7 i6 q hf9wyd:ja/ml(3 rng translation?

  Which of the following contain peptid63woxs/7vn n; ,1nuhi nra ux2e bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geyqsl97pxr 2.c netic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonv-kxnpg16a2k 7:onl - mgx5 unds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genz/ 3au+ycot7*8ungxnetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements ambu tx2voy5(92oez 9n re correct for the functions of these sites?9y5o v 9xz(bemut2 2no

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code f9yrhryi (l:0( 8o1og e.t ec8p7nvtq*. fnicis universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in t 9lx9fkcm 6uk zbk-7j,he formation of a dipeptide from two amino ac7m k9j9bzu fxk ,l-c6kids?

The diagram below represents the process of translati ab yhpqset9+x.+*sg2 on.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What strucbjuw .13p* lgotures are indicated by the labeu1j*oblgp. w 3ls X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows tgb3vy+:h8 mx cltsjo;j:w/b+he genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about.;l7 bllp j4ix translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following show//mmpr 7 : -s//swjpas)lqcsk6 nukf/s the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, eaib0x 2 s9,swzjcjko-4vf/a)sch chain contains 20 amino acids.o4)9sz va ib w,2jfjxk s/0c-s

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand ofijd,b/33d di;c:tdg/i 2ezk d3 5g /w-vhjldk DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important yax bbd5ud c4 x)qydk0tp 5:57role in protein synthesis. t7xabk ):d5yd5qp40cu d y bx5

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stts;ag utuhp ci4qlz647:ml + 1op codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible u a4pg;clzs6u h1m7i:l qt+4t consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutatiow y mekwvk6q5gn/u/352 wsp1on, which of the following could most significantly afpky 5q/ eo23ukm www1ng 6v/s5fect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to pr8t ps *cbf r,d2/qoo5vokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to thk8ftb9 *kw(xf e positiot8ff * w9kkb(xn labelled R?

The diagram below sho n c-3(ctpyq53)f:rk9yr x9i q)erw uwws the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription afau d6r2+3sy.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes charactcmfb/3zl w31ieristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for fic1mlf3wi / b3zve species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the charac/ nfn 3jwf e3v47kq4xcs/fq7 :bj4(re+ l vnicteristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment offitf 5mzuk6 a/mat/ /,zhn9w, the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larg2e1- he1:ibuue.bn uper number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes 1e p:e1uuu ehnb2.i-bin its genome?