Which row in the table correie7i 4aab.o,j th1f p/ctly describes the shape and function of a named pro1e/ jp4btai ,.ih7 oaftein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for prdfv q r- .vg3 a)g;ey)czb++cpoteins?

  Which of these does not z -d(b 3/dngdovtw71x cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code taku;dxc88bj9 im u;6nzble.

  Which of the following sta :/vskus g8y;6dv tb1ytements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following cosj)1)ufx8i 5 qarrcy 6ntain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geng;n 54qy8hgz6ey-o g7 b:o opzetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contams+2rue:; tyz yn6swdif2nj3 q2i1 2bin peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genet ttw+dnv82:g )j7fq g a4g2jafic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statk zcjv(-k,x 0mements are correct for the functions of these site-k vzjcx(0k ,ms?

  What does the phrase75gk9,t rjm p 3rzv1gl9y.y f5gs84jsri h(wi ‘the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the f)bk. vuk+ zzr7ormation of a dipeptide from two amino acids? uk+z7rzbv k).

The diagram below represen2gac* uprasg v 3,/ya+ts the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from Dt.r2cx;sm bi,a c t pf,4,qxf3NA. What structures are indicated by the labels X,x,fct4stpra xq ;,,m.f23 bic Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetica48m9knmk .u;l ljimet 0,p)j code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not true? x pf3 g3 aa/vzz/-* *ms3fbmzx,gjo)v
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the ccmfu63j uf*7 jorrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide crnes o( qeg822hains, each chain contains 20 ami(g 28ro es2qenno acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand -8a axjp)j onc;czk2+of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein syntheszs0f kqu9aqb/ .(5 .: snqiruois. u(ifq.k:s/b9 s q ranzq5u0o.

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is no; eitk fpsbc0b3vh2h, g4l+y /t produced. Which of the following is not a possible conseqi ,0/vebl bfy gs43h p+2;khtcuence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is ahcz(4p,xhtc4 jw4 e6 changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect otthc,64j4 c(hx4epz a wher tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation one ;ba ysm(xc;li77q4mly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Whil:s/-1l apow95nryj g ch of the following would bind to the positioyw 1gl9 /naosj-5:rlpn labelled R?

The diagram below shows the repliq6 i/rp eoh/io : tp*zi68cn;kcation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcripo:j*e(u qj2 srtion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different nuw3tlbr6iv p+90f47 ihy l/fmvmbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimathb fm6i04p7tv +f riw/y3vl9 led number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characstv5 n -u3w:rkteristics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molecule. 59 8i zvfxg-aq


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of h5 m17c*x yc7sv;ca hfmRNA transcripts than the number of genec hf71s5;7*cvhymx cas in its genome?