Which row in the table correctly describes the shdq1udi)/ e0dm ape and function of a named pro 0dqmu)ie/1dd tein?

  Which nucleic acid carries geneticla7 , gmjx3i (46ajt9bsrx;udgv4x4z material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not t)0j/qdiat:4eq2+19n9 hnq(y v8hp ktiqy itcause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the gene.15gij h97m/volkiq f tic code table.

  Which of the following statements is fds5rnjh w846vk 5kpuc 8l:yb2 alse regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? 016,wphnfhgrb-f o 33 5 sirvd
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic coylvg-+vcz8+v-l5 wn l de.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain y0ext iz89h.8/xn vokpeptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic c g)l6t +6fqayq rl)hfm;,3ak xn4zgz,ode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which 4e/jn r 4kfm *ra0kq5qstatements are correct for the functions of these 4jqmarkkeqrf5 *n04 / sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universal’ meanmzcr-fq9,w f6 .0eiup vm-ua :?

  Which of the following reactions results in tv)5w ksz2i:- qb03 n4ncue pkfhe formation of a dipeptide from two amsnw4 c:3 qkv-0ep5bn)f 2zku iino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of t +fxof 7wb0eggqxda*;1p 1stsy)j q, /ranslation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicatedkklt q7 xd5 j1/(hlzg2qw 1gdz7ig0 +y by the laz+kk g7xijzdh 21gqq1 l(5dl7w0/ t ygbels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the gen kthzg mu84d k.hfaae1;-ov37 etic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements abow,pxt qc,2 dz+vn )3jkut translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the followi*t86;qk52vc xc2zect ht, j *lwan:jeng shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below show nx41ie53.n -il-fiyv bptu4ps a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each chain containsi5ynp feu1btx3v. n-p 4 ii-4l 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nuvnsh o0o:vh+ 5cleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that xkdr( f8j9vt wy0,bu fb5h)2 aplays an important role in protein synthesis. )u v xd8hr9twa,fk5f 20jbyb(

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and adp(8, wgam si. stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possibi 8w.gd m,pas(le consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changedrjb xrs3o) m6d6 x3)pqsg:7. jbiek2q in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantlri:r7q oj6b k pb).ge3x6jm)d32qsxs y affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only appliesni5vy6elt ) ,p n+xs7o to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind u2 -yebrxl96h to the position la 9 6lbxu2hrey-belled R?

The diagram below shows the replication of DNA.l-rnghzpwy+ 9zz9uj-x /kf ,72 cz dk-


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between euka trdkoxm4lqla4p).-cx 20x. n3 0cv vuryotic and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes characterznljjq5r * pj/ u5qbgz0 oq;83;qsdn :istic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes 5qu:j *qqjqrln58/ d gz;bp3 n0;zjosfor five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of th)i0ug:tm r wk9e genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a sho0v2m44biboha7j n 1asrt fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger nq9 0i0z7bdws( qquxk +v(b4jtumber of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome9sd0ztqq0bv(qi x(u+k w74 j b?