Which row in the table correctly describes tag.nd)v .egu zydur9nk24l.7he shape and function of a named protevunr.ydlg2gzk 9a7 nde.)4 .u in?

  Which nucleic acid carries gecc7( iy/z lh(jjvf8. t;yb)rbnetic material coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not o szs0 maj-p/jq0,i +ek(;)1zhgtdtk cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code tabld8x)f1 g-zp xfaok4f 4n1nef,e.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatio*7m2(fgg c tgun?

  Which of the following contain peptide bopy8jy9y* ck5vm;h:yj auj * *unds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic co2z jsi3 xz4by*hva-b, de.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bojo2pv cp -k/s.nds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows th koe(47d:p:cz4j,4fooom dml vht/s 8e genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statem3 hgq ez)*pku:ents are correct for the functioq:u)g hpk*ze3ns of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘9imm9f x(xv 2ythe genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation 9w n4y 2:iktg8gyog 6gof a dipeptide from two amino a wo:ygt82 4i9nyg6ggk cids?

The diagram below represeddrqc7, i2m u m6ww,:gnts the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is trans. bn kax y17(isl7-vcncribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, lkc s (ni.b7y -ax7n1vand Z?

The diagram below shows the geneticpti 3x;z ai48b 5 9z*ev;eecqf code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translationd(vb ,m /n./+f unzhx cxq3cd7 are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the ztf0w88gyn :ocorrect sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, each cvb)c..m jt wxzi- e)r+hai v)xm+ cw.e-t.ji rb)zn contains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of q l tlk. 5g*g*o *weg0p-plsu6the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plad3gkrf y,9 m5zrf6s7hys an important role in protein synthesis. 6gf5zr 93sh krf7yd,m

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not prtq; be5 vf)u a,/+knckoduced. Which of the following is bk nat)/vqk;f, ce+u5 not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a 08h+5ybjdyp d mutation, which of the following could most signifdy8phd0y b5 j+icantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement abou7vs w: f.sc) mgq/gng(t translation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a bb 8ylbq8qz)u8 +,bc6flbp tsv ::p.3y jgie.tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labg::v,b sp .bqbiqc +z .el f3yb)ult86b8pjy8elled R?

The diagram below shows tm ;b6 7:cy8dwku ipo/dhe replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription. fe rhfb k.o74gfa9:-i

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes chah3 6+g lyrvy0tracteristic to them. The table shows the estimated nyt6y3 hg+0rl vumber of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the gene(co6t:wrhwe7f9 h 7ee tic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short frappz600y a 5eag6k pqu8gment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the numbg;03p1 .ashfbv1ser h er of sv3s 1bh.r0;h1 fepgagenes in its genome?