Which row in the table correctly describes the sawxew mps*1t .9ry2n-g5)aoc hape and function of a named pro w5w xaorp*eg-21 mt.c sn9ay)tein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic mateh**om: 0iad yfrial coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cau i,5v7a d2uqabse mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic chdxta4x:s;*xn q)yn 4 ode table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding translatiofx .5) (prwmjsn?

  Which of the following cove/ mt*itg c4t2x st*3ntain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the ge e 9;l)/cmwamnnetic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain pept f f9oy6atbp/0ysdyu f8/un 8 i+jkp+6ide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the gene 3r ewfytpcw4c( cp522swcdr.8q4h2ttic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are corrxs0ph c mb59i4c4eck ;) ,tsheect for the functioh k 0,ipes9tch )sc5;x4eb4 mcns of these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetip arey8eh b.9 k6.ux(pm wv61dc code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dmno41;(*q elu zqzx; as5.s7w :ncivwipeptide from two a;vnqmeq;4x5o*nasicuz1.(: wzwsl 7 mino acids?

The diagram below representsuz+s4c63mn( c+ ioyz/7s deuf the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribedn /+gwk7puvz( from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labelsgznk7vu(/ wp + X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic code. txs,3wb +sc i4)r x q8;jxzpa0


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are not gjw pci+7g,0k true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following 2+zy;jy+hmm)4 wvcsy shows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed oii l,s fa7ugwr77.wd2,3q iptu-w6 pef three polypeptide chains, each chain contains 20 amin2g r6i f.,qldw7,wpi7ewt uu-i73sapo acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the follo5dgh mmmim:+u b(+r q;wing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an importa3o8t la*llz/ ent role in protein synthesis. lte /o8all 3*z

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop cutk,x8 /wwo0 rz; ,uwzodon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possi08uz/wk, tx ,rwuwo;z ble consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a muta 5o3pzgd to8t(rb9 n9vtion, which of thebrdv 98(t oo53gn ztp9 following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryotes?b0rpkse 5+as-t mnsc94 49zbq28dmu b

  The diagram shows a 5 vu+xsp na0a 1u/q,xp;)crnetRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the position labelled R? nc,v /xa s1n aq)5+xp0ruup; e

The diagram below shows the replication of DNA. 1 6l8w9ndtmcsfix ;q1


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokarymm5qk)9/ k *aww0nf dcotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have dio:d 7jzhb p:7dfferent numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for fdhzd:oj 7b 7:pive species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of thswi ru9p 1lk;.e genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNAqw)sv98p0 0xre ybt(o molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number o* eou2j r-tpck8;f2rygu6y s )f mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its geo;e 8rus22r-)pyu6*fg kj y ctnome?