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习题练习:Continuity and Change D.4 Cell & Nuclear Division



 作者: admin   总分: 64分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 24年01月11日 12:39  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The graph below shows the relationship byzzfv: 8aii38 etween maternal age and the incidence of non-disjunction. What relationship is suggested by the data in8 :8z3zyf avii the graph?



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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis i43h8-e1 sdnamc sja0 cnb)r t7s represented in the diagram below?


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3#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows c w+mmhp(mk(pg-sryx8 :gyu+) hromosomes during meiosis.


1.Identify the stage of meiosis from the diagram.It is    I

2.State one process, other than the one shown in the diagram that promotes variation during meiosis.

3.State when the process you named in part (i) occurs in meiosis.It is    I

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly states the number ofqiwg1g. ieqs b-x,xwnr k3(4/ alleles of a single gene which would be present in the nucleus of a cell as a result of each xrqs./wii w1ek,bgq gxn( 43-process?

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which keyword is matched to the, ybvlcsq*7 izl;azw+b1z7 h+ correct definition?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about mitosis is/a(ghe;n s,in1o lg:r6cre true?
I. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during metaphase.
II. The nuclear envelope reforms during telophase.
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase.

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the micrograph below, which lee t(:lro.jfi ha+xix/)xy x y8v1s:k1tter points to a cell in anaphase?


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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During which stage of ssfhc m8g ,yrrenw.2-b37/ svmitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which one of the following transport proteins only carries obz8dzrm m/s :-ut active transport?z sz-dr8b/:mm

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does not happen i. beg. 10ilr+w7 wmijin the shoot apex?

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which type/s of membran rqjfg dlrq2h6 +m::b/e transport do/does not require energy expenditure?
I. Facilitated diffusion
II. Active transport
III. Osmosis

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents a cell with a diploid number of .redl;u;r ycpkg3jja:55 jr94. Which stage of cell dirapdj5r53.j lg: r;j; 9 euyckvision is the cell currently undergoing?


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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph below shows a root tip meri-c0mk t xon974jm o0e j6csn8qstem. Which of the following sentences cn0xm6 qjoeccmk40s o-njt 98 7orrectly defines a meristem?


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When does the random o)9vqmd8nab u; rientation of homologous chromosome pairs occur?

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which process does not occur during meiocu6d v1iw6.fq(py w y6sis?

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a cell with a diploid d7 pj 3bd8tk1j )f,syenumber of 36 undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell aftek,tjb 37dyp dsf 8)j1er cytokinesis?

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows a micrographe71s ft8 hwul:ta6u5a of a cell.


What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) about homologqyq row, wu*fn v-z/sb :-sv;8ous chromosomes is/are not true?
I. Homologous chromosomes have the same centromere position.
II. Homologous chromosomes have genes with the same loci.
III. Homologous chromosomes are identical to each other.

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  This karyogram is foh ng/rk /i:p5dr an individual with Down syndrome.

Which statement is not correct?

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In the cells of a horse (E. caballus) during prophase I of meiosi.akno cy-0w ,yfgc99 zs I there are 64 o-f,gykcnz09y wa9 c .chromosomes. What is the haploid number of chromosomes?

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which arrow is pointing to a cho5q/ g8 hn,lurwu;aa7iasma?


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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below represents the structure of a shogiih ez+oj03pj+v x-j 7-m4woot apical meristem. Which row in the table correctly identifies the processes occuj0 jm+wo3iehx pvjg-7-oiz+4 ring in the structures labeled in the diagram?




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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does meiosis promadi m8wig4dic 2 *,pz1ote variation?

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statements is/are correct for kj(my. / 4m(e2 scbvafmeiosis?
I. It is a reduction division
II. It involves random orientation
III. It produces genetically identical cells

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows gametes produced from two homologous chromospnc*s , y2vte86mm,ikqzz7k0r0 x)atomes.


What single crossover event could have occurred to produce the gametes?
I. Crossover between Gene A and B
II. Crossover between Gene B and C
III. Crossover between Gene C and D

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which word describes the formation of secondary tumao9j3 spgep3: itb*4eours from primary tumours as a result of the mo* 4ias33ee o9tpgp:b jvement of cells?

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many chiasmata are present in the)c i+/mwb sfe3k2 e,8i sxh3yy diagram?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement is a similarity between k*gji42syn8npj0g5p9 zv:h b cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis is matched to the correct descriptionyizya 81h5hw5v s f bco+l- 2;va)6bpu;ux 5jb?

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which statement(s) are true of meiosis Ioslbi hr*q.)3o; nfu8 but not meiosis II?
I. Crossing over occurs during prophase
II. Sister chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase
III. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible during prophase

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrograph shows an oocyte after th8 1(f,fbtae 4y+xr sgve first meiotic division. This results in the formation of one large cell and one small cell.atg(xff+s4bvye8,r1 What is the fate of the large cell?



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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row correctly describes diploid(gt9. h2le4+xruvj2 d8 q izct and haploid cells in humans?

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The following table shows the diploid chromosome number of a range cqca7n)i (g5tov sln*y 2w 2p3,u2ygpof species.


Which of these statements is correct?

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What conclusion can be drawnw5 h ub, fwlu:xbro1-30mt3cf from the karyogram below?


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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following processes is characteristic of the meiotic sm .ry h)mpnfi565un*and not the mitotic cell cycle? 5m65uf).smnih ny *pr

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram represen dcxwxkm tw,13) n j9ye-ue0ggne.2p,ts a bud with a shoot apical meristem.

1.State the type of cell division that occurs in the shoot apical meristem.
   is the type of cell division which occurs in the stem tip.
2.Outline what happens to the cells produced in the shoot apical meristem.

3.State two types of tissue that are produced by the differentiation of cells found at the shoot apical meristem

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diploid number of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) xkpxkyxuy/ *z;1 ,as ,is 48. Which row shows the correct chromosome number for different cell xk1z,pyys, xk/ux;a* types and cell division stages?.

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At the end of which phase of meiosis I does crossing over occur, and what ish :4km x3e pzh,dv7vi 7h5i0bbp/j;yr the outc4 k5/ p bvx 3i7eimph;,rbzj:vhhy d07ome of crossing over?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which of the following statements does not describe a step in the sodiumuclu1g7 j1tm 4+z,k b l9g,ozg1aqy6m-potassium pump cycle in the neuronal t1 u u1a6 lmog7cq+,14zy gmz,k9lgbjcells?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which row in the table below is hoz 1o+h 8177v k0q+rx2 ncoofimsl:utrue of meiosis?

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41#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across g, igexck5w )5lt7*kx the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellulagi5x 57ek) lg *tckx,wr fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.
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42#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Explain how mitosis is regulated in zg2l s(p7/iwe ri f;c7cells.

2.Describe the stages of interphase and their importance to the process of mitosis.

3.Discuss the importance of mitosis to living organisms using named examples.
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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows the concentrations of different c9pi dz9 * z.6fffkb2pr5u8uoq yclins during the cell cycle. Which cyclin is involved in prepauf.fpoz2 9 9ziup86*fb5 q drkring for DNA replication?


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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The diagram below shows chromosomes during gsyz7q(i,3ff3 jhl3 g g wxxhf86 90pxmeiosis.

1.1.On the diagram above, label chiasma with the letter R.

1.2.On the diagram above, label a chromatid with the letter Q.

2.Describe the process of crossing over.

3.Explain how crossing over results in the formation of genetically unique nuclei.
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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which stage of meiosis involves the separatioat ,,ql8ban0a n of homologous chromosomes?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The mitotic index of throat tissu+u0gubq- rxkw;e2rkc 8m +p8j es taken from 4 different patients is shown below. Which patient is most likely to have cancexjg+k q 8k-w 8+pruuc;e0mb2 rrous throat tissue?

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47#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Draw a labelled diagram to represen-0rzc4(v m nmpt the process of crossing over.

2.Compare and contrast random orientation and crossing over.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The image shows an abnormalu*cz) z9aaf(x human karyotype.


What is the abnormality in this karyotype and its cause?


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49#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The graph below shows the relative amountb/gmp4vqr7 3.6ebvlbtx,.el of DNA in one cell during one complete cell cycle. Each letter represents one stage of the cell cycl .3vb 7b, p/4em vll.rqtg6xebe.


1.1.State which stage of mitosis or interphase is represented by stage B in the graph.

1.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

1.3.Bortezomib is an anticancer medication and arrests cells in the G$_2$ phase. If a cell shown in this graph began the cell cycle at A with 3 relative units of DNA, and Bortezomib was applied to the cell culture at stage A as well, estimate the relative amount of DNA in the cell at the end of C.

2.Explain why the amount of DNA in one cell remains the same in stages C and D.


3.The diagram above shows cells in different stages of mitosis. Label one cell that is in prophase and one cell that is in anaphase.
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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram below shows a cross between a who4fwm1)yob-( 0fedmale cat that is homozygous for brown,yob 4-f(eo wfw0d1) mh long hair and a female cat that has black, short hair.


Which of the offspring has a recombinant genotype?


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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline how polygenic traits can show a normal distrkod:8 g*a yh+ud xypn*m(iqf6qk- v+tk(* )ykibution.

2.Outline the differences and similarities between homologous chromosomes.

3.Explain why expected and observed Mendelian ratios may differ.
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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which gamete can result from the crossing over of non-sister chromcs ga;w,*l901uk yhs tatids shown inu10l 9gkc t; ,hs*sawy the diagram below?


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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The photomicrograph shows a pollen grain from L. candidum (Lily)kyb 7b61bx.e x 3gup p1exid; -kin9d;)k2mey. Which stage of meiosis is shek m-1xbu;;kpgbedib yx9d 2 e n.y3)ik7x 16pown?


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54#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the events which would lead to an individual being born with Down stumi a .qf3ol5.fd r/h4zvs(.yndrome, which is characterised by the presence of three copiesiza qvtrm3fushd.fl.54 o (/. of chromosome 21.

2.Explain how meiosis increases variation.

3.Outline the stages of meiosis.
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55#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The mitotic index is an indirect way of measuring plant growth. A studynia c9m9.7i7j)pkpi r was conducted on white onions (Allium cepa), under controlled conditions in a lab, to investigate the effect of soil pH o7j m 9k79ar).npi ipicn the mitotic index of the roots.


1.Describe the trends shown in the graph.

2.Outline how the mitotic index is calculated.

3.Discuss whether the data support the hypothesis that onion plants should be grown in soil with a pH of 5.5.

4.Suggest how a pH of 9 affects the process of mitosis.

5.1.Explain why measuring the mitotic index in the root is an indirect way of measuring the overall growth rate of the onion plant.

5.2.Suggest another method, apart from measuring mitotic index, that could be used to measure plant growth.

6.State one of the variables that must be controlled to make this experiment valid.
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56#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitosis and meiosis are two waysxuoguf q( +l;rgl -v;x5*sh,a in which cells can divide. The diagrams below show two c uh 5l-;sqrv x+xago,*;(lgfuells from an organism with a diploid number (2n) of 8.


1.Deduce if Cell A is a gamete or a somatic cell. Justify your answer.

2.Identify the stage of meiosis represented in Cell B. Justify your answer.

3.1.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during metaphase I.

3.2.Draw a diagram which represents Cell A during prophase II.

4.Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
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57#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
1.Outline the role of gene expression in stem growth. u n owkixk))am6aa3 7ggcl634ni-6v r

2.Outline how growth is controlled in the shoot apex of plants.

3.Explain the process and applications of micropropagation.
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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagrams below show a cell, with a diploid number of 8, in difj4p 5rexzvness:p -9-p7 9wx xj(6qbnferent stages of meiosis. Which row correctly najrvw95p( - px9:xqz-67 p4njesnbe xsmes each stage?




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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The micrographs show four phases db8u * zmod;a4+t9kytof meiosis I in a plant. In what order do these y+dt;u z4t98*mboa dkphases occur?


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60#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Mitochondria are responsible for supplying metabolic energy in eukaryotic cellafcoe--suo):m26 3x jpox+wge*00en mzuo 0j s. In most eukaryotes, which reproduce by sexual reproduction, mitochondrial -06e o jn sf):3e2-apco0+ ogme 0zj*oxwumxuDNA (mtDNA) is inherited from only one of the parents: the mother in the case of humans. This is in contrast to nuclear DNA which is inherited from both parents. It has been suggested that, in some eukaryotic organisms, inheritance patterns of mtDNA found in hybrid cells, which are the result of sexual reproduction between two different yeast species, could be influenced by the parent’s genetic background.

In an experiment, scientists investigated if environmental factors could influence the inheritance of mtDNA in hybrid cells resulting from the sexual reproduction between two closely related species S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

The first step in the experiment was to produce hybrid cells, which were then grown on different agar plates, each providing different growing conditions, which simulated different environmental stresses. Cultures were then taken from each agar plate and grown in a liquid medium, with the same respective environmental conditions. The procedure is outlined in the diagram below.


The mtDNA genotypes of the resulting hybrid cells were then identified and compared to that of the original parents.


1.Describe how the pattern of inheritance of mtDNA in the hybrid cells is affected by the different conditions.

2.Identify the liquid medium which resulted in the greatest AND smallest difference in number between hybrid cells with mtDNA from S.cerevisiae W303 and S paradoxus YDG197.

3.Calculate, for the 2% glucose condition, the percentage of hybrid cells which contained mtDNA genotypes of both S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.

4.Compare and contrast the results from the first and second experiments for the 2% glucose condition.

5.Identify the liquid medium condition which resulted in the greatest difference in the number of hybrid cells with mtDNA genotype from both parents between experiments 1 and 2.

In a final experiment, the team of scientists wanted to examine the activity of mitochondria, as indicated by respiratory competency, in the hybrid cells grown under each of the aforementioned growing conditions.
Respiratory competence was measured by using a stain, which stains respiratory competent cells red. The absorbance of cells was then measured, with higher absorbances indicating higher levels of respiratory competency.
Note that hybrid cells which contained both parents' mtDNA were excluded from this experiment.


6.State the growing condition and strain which resulted in the highest levels of mitochondrial activity.

7.Discuss the hypothesis that hybrid cells inherit the mtDNA from parents who are best adapted to their environment.

8.Evaluate the use of S. cerevisiae and related strains in the study of mtDNA inheritance in humans.
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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The table shows the number of cells in different stages of the cell cycle in fl,x usgy08d 2uour samples of lung tissue from four patients. Which tissue has the 0y u2dglx s,8ulowest mitotic index?



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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The diagram shows the dominant cyclin/CDK complexes at different ti-tuz +l4dlom3aro/bx4*bo h-me points in the cell cycle. Which cyclin/CDK complex activates DNA razd3 o4*xh/l-bt4-o omb +ruleplication machinery?


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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Studies have shown that genes such as Cyclin Dependent Kijtbgi0gk(y2:ub9 2y ffx50 sznase 3 (CDKN3) are highly g020yg b9fytzju 5x kb:2is(foverexpressed in cervical tumours.


1.Calculate the percentage increase of CDKN3 gene expression in cancerous cervical tissue compared to healthy cervical tissue. Make sure you show your working.The number is   %.

Overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours has been associated with decreased survival rates in cervical cancer patients and has been shown to trigger cells to exit mitosis and begin cytokinesis.


2.A hypothesis has been proposed that overexpression of CDKN3 in cervical tumours results in an increased chance of patient death. Evaluate the evidence for this using the data given.

3.Overexpression of CDKN3 results in increased levels of cell division. Describe how CDKs and cyclins are involved in the cell cycle.

4.CDKN3 has been identified as an oncogene. State the definition of an oncogene.

c-REL is another gene that has been linked to cervical cancer and its expression is correlated with the expression of CDKN3. Using CRISPR technology, cervical cancer cells have been created that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-). Expression levels of c-REL were checked using protein analysis.


When c-REL is overexpressed in cervical epithelial cells it results in greater proliferation of cells and the cells spend less time in prometaphase (the phase between prophase and metaphase) compared to healthy cervical cells.


5.1.Looking at the photomicrograph above, identify the stage of mitosis that most of the cells are in.

5.2.Based on the evidence provided, suggest, with a reason, which of the labelled cells would be present in the highest numbers in c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells.

cREL-/- cervical cancer cells and cervical cancer cells with high expression levels of c-REL were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin. Both types of cells were exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin over a 21-hour period, and the effects on cell number were analysed.


6.Using the graph above, compare the response of cervical cancer cells that express c-REL and the cells that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/-) in response to exposure to different concentrations of cisplatin.

7.Suggest a reason for the different effects that cisplatin has on cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL and those that do not express c-REL (c-REL -/- ).

8.Suggest why some c-REL -/- cervical cancer cells have a similar level of cell death to those cervical cancer cells expressing c-REL.

9.Deduce whether cervical cancer cells expressing high levels of c-REL and CDKN3 will have a higher mitotic index than those with lower levels of c-REL and CDKN3..
Cervical cancer cells with a high expression of both genes will have a    mitotic index, as they are dividing more rapidly.

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When is the concentration of cyclin E thx o 9io-f:x(hgnb/h 9.opa jzu(oe0e 7e highest during the cell cycle ?


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