Which term describes the splittin mt7c,h6ihot -g of water molecules in the presence of light to produce elo h6ihtm-,t c7ectrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosynti+gk n bpnxft y,.t5.9hesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of t-yep ibq vbb:s02 sk,/emperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a control-02 i bvkye/bssb: ,pqled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? vdbu.,0m owp7i, 7to: cbnaxoz8 d:-v

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isw4oz gc(rq-t ;ple( xxp( v0-polated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural fil v(0rzx g;t -eq(pp( wpcx4-onal electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of tht/ bbzlo493 lf(s1vt re following strucb z( t4lblv93osr/1f ttures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different tempe4 fb;jo avy*8el.wl0e ratures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on th.o jfj ix3rw 1zv;pjl61ni3mk2d.2o le rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvi+ am t+ gbhlhy2ug,.w5n cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correc whs v97m98ibvtly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respirath vib v9sw978mion?

Coleus blumei is an attractive h)mxn/j7.6oganq k9 ii ouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ionstza .ybn5/ vz7 in the light-dependent reactions for photos.ztny b57 zav/ynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?tcxkgaxb6n3f 0/ nddk1yo2 /4

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction oqy77v k07tgp-iha i*ow4b rs. f photosyn4gih0 7oyt7sr*7 .kb -ipwvqathesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast9node3tl 3vk6.odm;s is most involved in the production of reduced N63t m ld.vsodk; one93ADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation o0k-)g 2aw4 rk)qdrmsn f photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the s rr-2n wkaqs m)gkd04)olvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of2w s ()dph0ynb photosynthesis, pondweed was place0 2pwhn) (dbysd in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum representyzjme37 -y79 sa-yyq cs the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorj yyaezcy- 37y7s 9q-mbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process wh+k zuk7 )hcz1iere carbon compounds are produced in the presence 1i ukhc)kzz+7 of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton qs-8 u v8frqxmo3a1h .gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynsv188 uo.qr- fm haxq3thesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons 0tyxd7e5 a.a q9maw.eh91kt kare transferred from photosystem II to photosystk9y etx e.aa0k.9h ad1tqm57w em I?

  In which structure ow3ptevw/da:mxaukkckl a z 69q;(s7 9* cbd /9f the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyla/d cmacu e aw39b:a6t xq/pv(zk*l 99 7kksw;dtion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependbu4k8 p5r apog2 / f1pnbj32jment and light-independent reac24gp3n 1o mpf puajbj8k rb2/5tions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separatg r ;)2sn2-fpbj8fm3; jjfha ee photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram sh-2hfng );jf fpmesrj j3b; 2a8owing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows cl :,bx-nmc,itvk+r+the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the actif0( .bovgwc6kh bm rq-;o ),n/m. diwton spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratre m kq)qqw/jt:-9r*zion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to pr 2vv8uqbgjp35d*e9a hbv+ec nu9f487ej , ss nedict future rates of photosynthesis and plan27 9hnv4*8ge vvcu9feb+dje 3,ub saq npjs 58t growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the roq),igkbi ku;)9sx 0 hzle of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it fou0k; ,h)9is xgiq) kbuznd in?

  What were the results xpigl29z99ss zvmp 5,obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesl 2mp gsp9i,v 9zx59szis?