Which term describes the splitting of (trm q6;j+l qvt5bqu-xnnvfd 5 )x0-y water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen mol0vmx-q d;tv6xrl5qqf-nj5y+ tn(b )u ecules?

  Which of the following is involve xts3ybv rcse7,so5)1d in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the b(en3sh/ ap d2effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keepna/dhb 32 p(seing a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? j ty (dkgd9ge;/w5f/b

  The Hill reaction showmnh(f4oxpx(xu v): h3s electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final elect)m :hx(nfxop u3v4x(hron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a i.lj.z+o:s ck leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chlori. +lkj.zsc:o oplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of ph3a 9ijdmu4wp- otosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate ova)gzn/ n 77qyf photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following proces r1z b9wjp5cg2d9m* xmses occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place i;5rjp+me0q x( ww+u bqe94 :ity4qpec n photosynthesis and aerobic cell respirationyp(;4e ut05wjx+q 4rq +m c qb:eie9pw?

Coleus blumei is an attractive yx rxly3f.6)lm, t,hyhouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrog+tl z( dd6 ;ojdhon0a gqb86d)rj3)b9bk7y pgen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesioqp)r )k go8g d;9a0b6n d j(b36byd dt7+hlzjs?

  Which of the following correctly deswi90bo (3+m2sghyq k scribes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this lighief j e870s axt9cs hol,6aj6;t-independent reaction of photosyjscs7il ,; ot8 e69xa06 fajhenthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast:r s6cph-*+lgb fpy vdmfs78( is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and6*p (fcf p8+ -: vsb7lgsdrhym ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments usix3ctjl j thx y n5:/fg(xw75b)ng the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technft/y5)ljbxnj:( gw3xh t5c7x ique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rat+blvy/4esn dukszoz h::1jx qf3. o8(e of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each contzxub1 o /h:3sf+n. qdv (e4kz:yjsol8aining a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of li(s u st.w-o.vmght that are absorbed and reflected .. ot(smuswv- by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produ2g( (x hucs0ohced in the presence of(2uhh sx0c( go light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across t/b8g 4ao.p lfuhe thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of8upb gl .ofa4/ photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electr on p8c/.f+rm0pvptdw h)(lvy 4)t(fhons are transferred from phppv0fy.nh8 c)l(d+t4 wm(fot/)vpr h otosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulxh 03mp79( id wrrh6mqose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatm(p7 90w3hdqmix rhr6ion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depep8p d u*b6nr1yr:w5shndent and light-independent reactionspbd:1ru h*p5y6wn8 s r?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigmenwxy m4 n1rryf-zd+20f ts. Below is a diagram showing the separation o4n0dxfr21-ymy + fwzr f pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows ti bfh *vzt8e0ay;) wt4he ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the acti3(40mdnvcve aon spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and celm 8kai( tt/q1bv,w; ktl;c0 xvlular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experih ec4ul307xc)clqzz 2 ments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the c2h0c xc7u q)e3z4zll following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxnfkdpg6jnf6 ql13 nq2) w*qog4dr qa:vq +-u.ide in photosystem II, and what form is it found inw po1gf6r:l f q+k q42qd*qvnq)-3 audj6n.g n?

  What were the results obtained from the lol*rv7v ;o tew3tlipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the ligtv ; r7veot*w3ht-independent reactions of photosynthesis?