Which term describes the splittingp9(byzum 5/-h6 nzk9gq cdm:w of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules9 kgub/pm:ywz-(z5 9cmnhqd6 ?

  Which of the following is involved 9fjh, m/lvli 9kqbhqi9 91kmm;dh2- bin carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of tempe6*l3u zbcj 2xgdpguf6wg3w)2rature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experimglfg2 266xdp)bz3*j c3gwwu u ent?

  What does X represent? t8bfpylc vpu44 ;my; 5nzi-*y

  The Hill reaction shows elm6cubip.l v6/ 4m jw)xectron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorp/ jxu )bci. 6wlm6vm4ophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloropl (m;i4vz0vah5(a r budast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found iba (4a5(0dvu vi ;hrzmn the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at dif jx:o,rwn p1j;ly ym4h7+qid9 ferent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity oni h*alsk9)r4;-3gebm8 7 r ns/iopyin the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occ1 iul8juy ,/ g*u(wljeur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correc/f.9uccn nwmp),z u y;pd;(s ,ca enc3tly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerob ;cnnc c3(zc.u)y,ppnam; s9,/def wuic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with redtei- g3 m1goz jl)l*8f leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ioqdk -gx9uhhao(/ 2t.ens in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis?e ogh2/hq.x-ukd(at 9

  Which of the following correayamw(;9l kwv :edy 8(a)ztg 9ctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occ2e* qqtd bp6+turring in this light-independent reaction of photosyntheqqde6*t b2p t+sis?

  Which structure of the chloroplastv;y9i1jsrs t+ is most involved in the production of reduced ;sijv+y1str9 NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments h51 vn;hp oqbhj6e3k3 twdoa)7g9bd 5using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) tec d;o19oaw)pg5kb7 en hd vq3bh5jt63hhnique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation ikwahe3zb2+w;*d 1oucidhc0 /nto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed h* de h0+icwo3;/ abkwd 2cuz1was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correc 2l p1 c7w2xyn;zybhuw+( aw;srxxz/1t range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected bbyryx2x cwh ;z+uzap 7x2n 1lw/w(1; sy chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the pr9 kt- dt2etjn8esence of lightn t-t 98dej2kt.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across thev- 2ahyzfyr4 h7zcio11j 7 j.v thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactvyj1-.4h7crz z1 vj2 fah7ioyions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excitb*.uhe 8mc3yv )v9uared electrons are transferred fromy)8m *v3vecah uu.r9b photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carb4mrcydi94ml) o )dd u,lzd0m-oxylatrmllou,) mmyddz4 i )4dc -d90ion?

  Which products are formed at the end of1,khihf3manc4wxk ,., wm e b. the light-dependent and light-independent m . x bkifh,knma3e. ,41wwc,hreactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetj ; b5 +,txn78syrk z.obtc3ytic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extr5 b tytc.,78r ozysnktjx3 +b;acts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlox 5ph u/.xqa8oroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesis. x;ut, 4kef9us4 d do:x

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reaction5vvzqwh pyu j6s/je56-)n6 oykg,+z ms.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to 5q67)zf 7mej*ic +-rp prikm8zrn o(kpredict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conduct5cnzr7fr6o8 ipj pqk)zmr+7 mi* ke-(ing carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon diox2*epjqlb l-+6hvytm 5ide in photosystem II, and what form is it found lve-p 6 jbmlt5+h2q*yin?

  What were the results o 2hs9dma;8w9aw m2wxfbtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to d2fwsd92 9xw8ma;aw mhetermine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?