Which term describes the sp)burap + dhc,8litting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecuc+hd8ra,p bu)les?

  Which of the following is involve* 3tp :)f)aolxsix .ud4pflb-d in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experime nw( hv1+bwik0(gv2z ynt investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of k 20zwg +y(hnv1 vkib(weeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent y ynp,)j+f2rs?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in w3a w 6g 9cu)/gx0fdg7a+i ysxisolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used9g 7)awa6/0wi3xgx dsyc fg+ u instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast insgv 13tfo: x)z6q xa:j a leaf.Which of the following structures 1fxox3zs:tj gv6): a qare found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of ythpk ye z+unye 8);2tho 3j/;photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of ro2qe 3q nw2of7*bed5 light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cyclhan bfl.p76e i3-sh3r e.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows wheredw*v* 4b u7d oq/xfs- qaf*0dy chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respdf */uvy*qq0s x*dd7 o4b faw-iration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant winwpf h7n. yf*u: )fv6sel9eu)th red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for ph:qu 5fo3qic b jtw+y1+otqq 1 cj3t5yfu+wi+bo:osynthesis?

  Which of the followin/3e g j3)ypo5o0wgub z6ej)qp g correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in t6s)-r (rsm)qe,tkj u xhis light-independent reaction of photosynt-tx,(mqu) rr)js esk6hesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the produx4zqj z 5*z(v-3hjgh(s p6cl zction of reduced NADP anjc* lvgh5sjz3q(4z -zzh p6(xd ATP?

The diagram shows the separatio6ldynkk7bm o qy363 1dn of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique ik3673l1b my6dykd qno n the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of )rv vcwg7m4s zq: rp-8climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sqrzs 8cvp: w)v7-4rm gealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum r6(cp6kik68 oz ki/0lwt(b vn pepresents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for phtvkni/ o( w6 b(6l0 8p6czikkpotosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process a) raw7 4a 1x(sub7i p6m8oseqwhere carbon compounds are produced in the presence of l )q6su1xam e(bps4 7ia8 ow7aright.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the2 vfwyl yn6n(q;e9r ylc./edm6-7cje light-dependent reacte d6 c9nw-e7ej2n 6yl(rlqfm/yy .c;vions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excitecs; eqf25m 4 q/wviz2e 1z k)kc4hjv-ud electrons are transferred frevki2fh/ 2)4v 14qsu-k ;zqmccjw z5e om photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribuloqs w .q0)r oery2cn kcet20d1 ,p7z/aose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatiocew a o.tp,q1k/c02o0zdqe s7 rn)2ry n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent andp,h1)/d wv3fbl 7cwyr1j1m4du:bbk z light-independent reacti 1:/3vm ,l1d cbu7 kwdpz4bwb1)jr yhfons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosyn n7jp jqo1;c(8zy8aba 9b:sr dthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are bdq(b jcpy 8jsn8:;ra1oz9 7apresent in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructdvgptu .;y ihzf6 n+(5ure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum 0pp5/ oa+3otzya 3 f ehmp45avfor photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellulary xfmm;en .4e644lhrc respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of pho lh*w7wbxek/g.6f m1nx kf/5itosyn6fk gx/b5hm*k71 le .iw x/fwnthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the rol -e xmfa mls;16g1pp)w.h-vame of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form isgm-. ;1s ap mx6l )evw-aphmf1 it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipo- 85 ,jgx3j jlq3rbhyab.:hxrp experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of phrlag3jj- yjbrxx8hb. 3qh: 5 ,otosynthesis?