Which term describes the splitting of water )wdavzn)+ .sc8 gymi; molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions sig +vy 8z)n ;a.d)cmwand oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation;ptxn m)y-5nc during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of te y8mjay+ (/zwkj4q*p3qod 4jymperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a methokd8 o*3(jmqj pqyzy 4aw/j4y+d of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? i 2ggx cjns7n+ 39j1xr

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the li6 e4q 6l9v;ich2 v2zlhgfme2ly / ceua,17hqfght-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is usvg7hia24q h9y c 2fel1hf2cm6e6uvlqe / ,;lzed instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Whichdgoze+*5*h(zh+y j u9cz q3uf of the following structures are fo gc(q**ey9oj35+ h zudzzu+fhund in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperaturesz lt3l wu -iv7b6ehm*/.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis,;w j2asbze du5jeo ,4.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin f1 ;crk pztz(eb;vss0 1y6:njcycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly sho pg jas cbkd*-f;myq:q,h *p) -7,qxzpws where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell hqpkf 7adyx:p**j,m;b)s-,q cpz-q g respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red le(k 4)u j, y:qannp9uk+kx2i;bi 5yp0ydgx a1d aves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of 0 q/a2nqe(y+m ytb ywqb(7uxh-z-t/m hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesistqez q -0bwy /ymhqab2 nx 7/m+((yut-?

  Which of the following correctl8 p7v,5h9.d k z al-xzmn4giz+dz(r ily describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in tl.l*bie hl-b-j2g7hj by+j k 7v- wyp7his light-independent reaction of photosynthepl gk2.j 7v7- b-e-hiby+yl* hlbj 7jwsis?

  Which structure of the chloropla z bs93-c-bscbwcu i3wmt;m*lnw ;44fst is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATs;3b; wfc4c-3wbbsnm9 *uc4- l izmtwP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments usingt(i,mozd m( 0h the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the soz,0d (mt( imholvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change onqja:-mj ;ck+: 3c) wsh6dgpxi the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conicalp6 qkadxj)-:c sijhc: +mw3;g flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum reprf s:2psq (1 /cv0aaqypk3ufyk 4,6gqv esents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophylcquaq 2qf4p,0(gsvpv1y /sak6y :3 kfl for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where caru5y shfrd706z bon compounds are produced in the presence of lightd0z7syh 56rfu .
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoi 3aaa7yz jljvmy:8. ;ud membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photymlj;:a3a8z va u7yj. osynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place befol*6v.*sga2bvj5 s n:agp 8aaw re excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosys.8:vgl jav*as wb2 gpasn *65atem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboyxa(7 +vemlpdyb5fqy +7c-y2xyl+vl2bf yypc7e5m7-yxa+q(dy ation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depgp* q o1x-c)lqendent and light-independent reacgq)qx1c*- olptions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be usk7wyn jx(p+ mk 7xh/ktb8 )zg;uabqj2+jz6k . ed to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments i+hazkwbg um7ykjtjx 7);x6.j+ 28pqn(k z bk/ n this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultyy)p1sa; evio /vp(hn eanhka3*: 6k9rastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynt qy25vf: 7idjahesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are e9 utgc2w25zodnzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rate ddg)6: zf(oq0wo; ah cnc(s7is of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantc7g(6d;a0hoi:s(nzcwd) q fo age of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and wha3nbj bypd9t*) t form is it found ypj3dn bb)9t *in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enablt.rwu. bv+3* - w(-s pezmu8j nbf1rku0j9gpwed Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of ph .guezs*- t0vfrn19 b-8wrwjmpuwkbjp( u3. + otosynthesis?