Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution usestr +9 :eqghm8d to bathe organs for use in organ transplant8r tm9:hegq s+ procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute potentia(m7ez 9vrc8os/lm*pka tid80l (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be t 8u,q/0/7csyfr qpq r8n4ajftf. l0ktransplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic n rpk7,j q4/0utqf tsfa/ f.0q ry8l8csolution?

  Two patients were given solutions inb qj)5opu)q/k travenously as part of a medical treatment. One patien/koj 5) qbq)put had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxyge+xd b+3amgp 2un transport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution inu+mpb3xad +g2travenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The p4mmr1)-u1 3go gmi1au d;u0kujm lxx.otato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato hadual1o)gm gm.0jmkxr-1 ;i3uudm ux 41 lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three dig r4v 68d3wkxxh1 nor9cb s7ikp3x9, 0ec;ucnfferent solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely plasi894wdr1c3xp k079c hncn,;6 u xkxgb3rveo ced in?

Membrane transport is important for allowi o9b1kjuco 6w7ng particles to move across the cell mk71ocbuj 6 ow9embrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equatiof hds2ksqtkt+ x4xkzg;7 07b6n for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios ;; sw a lu0.lcr3yum(mwould result in the highest rate of diffusion for a celc.uyl 0m;;(s m3wuarll?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distib 8. sx/p0vjy2i8ndc nlled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the db/ 8vcdnxp0i. yn 8sj2istilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at diffe6wv-8: ; qe*m iq,jmauzw::y8 fqj exfrent conci8mm6j u:y:,*-ewf :8wf;a qzq ejqxventrations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following ex2+ fsy8m xsn 29lpdlz(jqcw(8perimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of waters2fl(yz (sldpcq xw2mjn8+8 9?

The micrograph shows onion epiderma2 w3e fs3f9tvzl cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylindev(dzkrq,iaonh. fhy 9 - rb(:4rs in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percbd9:hr y(.r afniz4-q h(vk, oent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showi.h z9/mn3sa 1i4huxip7epn v 7ng the response of red blood cells when placed in different solu zi37.mv ns97ip 1ne/ ax4hpuhte concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. evnyb 6qc0t::

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.