Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solutm-bfh5jtvy 1:e,d2 +rz5y v laion used to bathe organs for us+l,yfy51-dz5aje h:mv bvtr2 e in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely soluteomgmvm/x -x3/i3grrbc:1 s4 y potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted andwvpsck13e(4 5+ bwjw f is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solutiwwvk1wj b5f43cep (+ son?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical trdy /kse.)0p oypueabr6895 dzeatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome0sb5ydzurae.)8o /pk 69 epd y. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen tra5zw kw1dc8 exuy(h7i-q 0 be/q; 6ytyynsport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic/e 018e ;wtc-7(hkdxyyz65 i q yywuqb solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue w qu-xpgmptt;)b +nim(, sxq* i63 df2las placed in a s(m i+3)tnlm x2;*pgs t, 6fbixpuqqd- olution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutio/-uwxz h1oh5k:ki,0fnwh cg ebq6p6) ns as seen under the ligcfz6i 5h-ob,hk nu6p/1 :h0xe wgwk)qht microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport id1qfn9f ff+i *s important for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellulinf +qd f1f*f9ar fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water;mr e 3o (pv*97gvvhu(qd sd9y potential?

  Which of the following surface area to -pvjzs/ )vf 6hu sv)nd.jl11rvolume ratios would result in the highest rate.f/dvjn )rlsvuj1 1p)v hs-6z of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a pie xfeqbfr5hs4td j:; 63m95p pgce of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is tbr qp mfex5sd:5p6tf 9g4 jh3;he correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at diuc0.1 zmdr9y.wfuv5 ky0 ,gmifferent concentzm, w.y5cd ru0 y1 gi.uf0vm9krations of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimun7:+wjdm vj4l 6vr tnc( ;t3jental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of wate ;njt: vm+j7cvnltr4 j3dwu6(r?

The micrograph shows onion epidermlt,etto9c8p 8 al cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato0l iq9sbsj5 *t cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution.90il5sjsbt *q The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood/3.jmhm/n hg,cvm0z n c+a0 g d,jdcc( cells when placed in different solute concentrations. 0a/dhj30 nm.,/( jmm+gcnvh,c czdgc


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of sol(u2 krjqa2 g.wvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.