Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution used toyu zzv,g/x4n- bathe organs for use in ory, - g4xnzv/uzgan transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solu/a80dq8vjm7h q3lxlute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and isr2+9jjp;lzwz n:z i 1lqjdu (9er)k( j stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of 21 ij9wqzkz( )+duz(rlnprlj ; 9 j:ejthe following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were giveb6j54 qe 8 v;cmdb*i i.x:6ts:tpzmx nn solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a ns: ;zq8:bt5 t6j4.iicmdbe mx6*xpv positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in gv7 w wamulb4a 62su-z9 w1:kna human being is likely if the individual is given a hypo 6wasz :w7nbgavw- 4 1um2ul9ktonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an ouos+tkvzh k ,-ap-u zt7uw) :3smosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution wa k)utz:u auswkt 3o,- +z-vph7s the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placmg0bbm*j , 3;tv*f tg(hd)ydz ed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most liket g3; tm( ybdf0*j)vbh gdmz*,ly placed in?

Membrane transport is imporke) q/h/l* 6cerfk4/ er7m n qrenwd/+tant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular flk6*/)e qrk en 7/e4/lrrm e/+hdcnqf wuid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for w2fvia j982 b61mparajater potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result1phn 7;b: 0qjbcfv6tt 7op+gp in the highest rate ofg p1p7fjc 7 ;oqnb :p+0hvt6tb diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in lb g606q9k orldistilled water. Which is the correct reason for the molo6k q0b9rg 6lvement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of j10 fbo )z*gg,g 4k-kzbdyv4qa potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose f4b0 d g*4gkgzq1kjb)z ovy -,solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-uc4x /cy xp8q(ntuy/a6p, in which direction will there be a net movemen/ptcx ycnyx8 64/au(q t of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal cellsp,rv+h hob0h7rby 3d m 2m0sv0.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution anyhssi;1os 7t+ d 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The studis ot7+y ;1sshent then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placed insg. oob0gswfd+f8 xn0dt4len;4hc; 77 s;dyj different sc4eyods. f;fn 0do40;l;wxn7j+bg78 t gsh dsolute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatio(7 kq)jdttngfwc)dei*vdo ( :-,x5ion.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.