Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution * +rq 3:1wci+k f*ockr 2wybsdused to bathe organs for use in organ transplant procedureyd31+cboik k2+rc*: wfs* rw qs?

  Which is the most likely solute pf c5 6byjs d, dto5tp9k7.;sebotential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and g kdtrr gw) zroa,/o8l1-) 8hiis stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonict)olgr8,d)i/wr zho1 r 8kg-a solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical 7b4 o wmbf9a9h,2zhxjtreatment. One patient had a generally negative healtz,bfh29 7ambhjw4x o9h outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human be+1sabxn;c c*s ing is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic sol c+a1s;bn sc*xution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an s0z7 so) ohqpo(v3:kvr9bv6z osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the9 ssqok:3br (0z67)vzhv opov potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutions aseirw .2eb (s )e:nlg3o seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were t.ee rewb3oi2 (s:g)lnhe cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles +:; n*dnlo13 eh1dzep i(lm cjto move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracelll l1z+ pd;o3*ejndh1ni:e c(mular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for waalb kf de3z-au1i9+7 pter potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios woul5p 1/xyi5eo( t/fay axdz 9h+sd result in the highest rate of diffusthxz p/sa5y(iae/y 59+fdo1xion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of pota7 .0n p/xs5n;jj l(d;vfv+g s3 bczyubto tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into thj7 xbpu+fs5nvnzj;b( 3v cds ./y;g0 le potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at djy8 ev+9nb,m+ b.c pcmifferent concentrations of s9ebcc, m.b8 + +mvpnjyucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will there l- l73xauiemhr z4o6+h-4 nxo.p+ izfbe a net movement of water? fp-imzoih.+ ule-a+o7h6 z4x 4lx3nr

The micrograph shows onion epiderma.g vuqyo 3,:;2+v-hl8ytl ycez5 pgqp l cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic so -,n,da p2enhslution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below ahe na2,-,spdnre the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showinv*uqop.cf67x pg,dp 9lk)og x r/ l*r:g the response of red blood cells when placed in differen)gg */ qxu:.,6kprpcv fx pool9l*d7rt solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvati9hz5me f1 9o xo4h.js+jak. c)fo.i nlon.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.