What is the correct 8b+4bo-(azh /dt dxomu6j; amdefinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause epf8ryz86xvn:6dre g-/)h ivt 0x9nq changes to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a simcgg k.;e lge /o08b abqks+i4:ilarity and difference between natural selection and sele0 :aic;b bog8ek+4ges./q lkgctive breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppe t,ixm 1m8)zaf8ndu35eaz7 hdred moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population5fz8n7hida1 e38)xt zdu amm, numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to supc)bntmim6tr17q ( : nnw0vm weev z*5ed94z9uport the theory oe n(dm6zni9 r4 9u c015mvn: mbeq)wz t*7vwtef evolution?

  Which statement(s) about o2ro;d,ad0bp a+mf5 nnatural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true o19-y3aa* ummp7a mz4 mpidiz.f punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai girb,wy mfl zc)f-p* er(o3 v/x6. p5dotaaffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by theypmtfopba (zdf.-veo 3w6, */ l5xr)c graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the develo5s8ct qd+(tsejnn7+ 7ywj:uu r+jz1n pment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) istq)k)9slnms4k/v +le often used as an example when discussing industrial melanism+kt /) lmv 9sel4knqs).

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence prh t(pm* *jcoj+ovide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequencz n(,3kkiq- ,wa6a pm;nk )spzy of finches with large beaks has increased relatzkaa3, sknqki -6mp, (zwp;n) ive to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to ak q8a0,kfr8xey ss/a. wz o*86oxmvm: gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selectz+ pk z+),5kqn6(so:y4g qaf0hepc7jd )a my vive breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different a u2xw wl(uao +aq7hq2*ewh)k9 ntibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle h9+ ha*ww 7l2ox(uquae2 )wkqh ad developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a traykw3- 8cwa1n9 o muq6:5inksait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affemn ko3: aiw1-ks8ayun9 wc65qcted (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africanaea hgy30b*nf:m; :1st1qbtw q) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend sb:1t a*b ewn0; 3:mq sfgqht1yhown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand barad e m;oc;)6//te sjsh and dark coloured oysteoe;djt6;m s /caehs )/rs blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogousfnmnwseya +3- vfh60) structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely tot edw4 h20ki4mbo+e .i be analog2 kmw+ 04hd4e .biioetous?

  Which are examples of directional selectionsry0qkn*myd rk .4e8h-kei5 h pg)p) ;?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of na1e m /;vgq7cvwtural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical 0 x e4d7wmpj)fjg2 h1el6 *urlo(q;y jrainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a usefe j)*oqh wyp u6l0frmg21je(;djx47lul adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from zs kji89ki6 r519*bx nqmk0ym flowers?

  A population of plants with no resis2w9v*b l q*0qvvcvo 0ttance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbi0vvc9qwo0 q vvbt*2*lvores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forvx s2mm1e/0reevv.- 1 /:nnxenm (xbeefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modebx s/mvene x -1m0n(ven v:rm/ eex.21rn day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatie .pxs*9ne3*lwx+l lxc :cbb8on?

Darwin’s finches are a group of sp+(f (1 px5y8nk0dh2 1f szeten klk/approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of t+p(5sk8/y z0t1f ne hke p2skn1 l(dxfhese finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an exam, wrlz.fzn0nutin0 4)d7kkp4ple of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can res4;yij 9ofea)m : v*dp 6flp;igult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of tq7 ex*.zurn ncpsbn 0) s5e2dj2 ,2dbthe following best describes the term evol02brjs2exqspn n.,*ued c52tn b7 zd )utionary fitness?