What is the correct definition of a ge+j1fs ch-wxrt g+h1m( llr6,mne pool?

  Which would not cause changes to 7pbj kper5/frsfpu,:m,;jt2 the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a simil1 dt5oqhtv0tuorzy5 :q() d-hskjp0 *arity and difference between natural selectp0q(1h) z5-kvsoh*qudot dy 5 r0jtt:ion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels ris- rq 51k:fa,j3x qxa58gwg wewe, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will w x5 gx5qe,:wr 1akqjwfag38-this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used :q 5gf6w.tuv.y hpqcg 1fje-5to support the theory of evol.gqeq j:vwgfh f 5c-y65tup1 .ution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection isg kf+r,mxco/,est-n i:g 5r3g/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of pun zzcc-6no.td.b,- j qkctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relations+g* tth z0mvbl:jgx(v ew vqm/,+n5p6hip between the adult neck length of Masai giraffesb+vhw6emz+( qlt mt v/xgjg 0:5,p *nv (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following couznam .ll;q;, opz9: rjld lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when ojpqba l:n8+g7b) :vp6eyq1i discussing in g:6qqb pp8 1)a+yj 7iebnvol:dustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evolutio6zde ceq-ow 3v ed,5u,n?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks has incre vd6 osv8zy86rased relative to therd8yoz6v v6s 8 frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene oa2wyya3 b eibl756)spool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedine 3s0mlb qzv:7g?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growin3fs u2q,( q+;r y ydh6kqn.nwhg bacteria with different antibiotics can be invqf2;sydqr( 63unnk hwhq, .y+estigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia i *:w5k,xzvi i6epu7 rrs a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hbk i xzv:wrp7 ur6ie,*5$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxobyiiz/ 42n *qjdonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does nai2qb /*z4y injtural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into /gz ,-csi,uig rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selegz/g-ic s, ui,ction is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describ ;.zr9w4ucjalhnk; 5t es an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, -2cow-9f0 9 nf ci z-)iiqxengwhich one is likely to be anal 9 i)0enc9-zff-i n-q2xwc igoogous?

  Which are examples of directional selece b;c6n6zd2zkfwrp6k 1ylx29 tion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural sei pxso +6,aq lui.10bblection?

  Broad-leaved plants an ;9f ttbfdwwk607f+xre often found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristicd 9 0wkt w+bnf;xtf67f of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted forl3xtjtvecn / k3u.e59y j+k(p sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop6rdf9r7mcjza5 jlv4: into a population of plants that secrete a compound t9:amd7jv j5crflr 46 zoxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features 67q+53esvyhxq *a hg5hxti m0in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e)ai qt5qxsxhyg05v3*7mh+ eh 6.

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatiorb b1l-3t ;nahn?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a comm3f aa)o ar(:qsrt1 y9hpld76lon ancestor9)asf:y 7(l 1htaap od3rqr 6l and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciation?2:e: *qb),owc nxweey

1.Describe how mutations can result in natuxnx+mufqz5dj 40 tib)2em)e- ral selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term 0e+*0lw rcjwt used to describe adaptations. Which of the following becwr w0*j t+0lest describes the term evolutionary fitness?