What is the correct definition of a gxx1bq a g8i al9bh//9l9dtek- ene pool?

  Which would not cause chi- -+tdskg/3i:(c d r:wfwmtvanges to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and dif+ n y2z gi8codm8wr)fiav)07dference between natural selection and selectivyiz a0 ov)2i+7cn8 )gmrf dwd8e breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betulu c0lk 5rs bf(8-7om2/* gcjeadl8gxearia) lives on will become darker. What effe 87gl*- bdcl/xeam5r o(csf2jgeuk8 0ct will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence th+nvs:/+tkni p9p *u8ts ie+a yzix(m3 at can be used to support the theory of evst8y +tza( :nsk+9+3p evi muinp*/ixolution?

  Which statement(s) aboutev 2 njd7e7xhfg2w6 p1 *ahtd-9 x7mcy natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is truevxzs3 x3yf -a3 of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult l1k)flrc t ib04;wdc. neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the grapi .wlc)fkd4; bl t0cr1h?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic resistazaud.4bhus aggu2 9j;3)5izqnce?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when::/i p8pscvcvfsw-+ j discussing industriali s+-pvjc/8 fp:c:vw s melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evolutionwrk( n88l04qsba5ql x ?

  In a population of finches, the yh8w(z2zaj l,- (pnqer m(h9afrequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have beenr nzm89jyza,l q( eh hw(-(pa2 a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes tm ;mh 4u2 3irv4ddla b0by7k9;jplf/ ro a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of e)xb ui9dygu44cj l1+hg;f +i selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotiyi1*kw s(p(f w/cav 9acs can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of in sa*kf/(9pc 1(yaiwv whibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is ini257 tb(7*aeee qp skh*4zmifherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of p5hps4z7(2ai eeei 7btm**fqkeople who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta afric cy e6anog (uqq(2j;q5ana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend(6nqqy jeco g;2qa(u5 shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand.tn rro k.w,z2 bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an exampl2norr zkt,. .we of?

  Which of the following stat5un0m k th;j s.n-.nlfements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be a qrg 3;f,oi6*ce/kcsen 3i *,esrcqgo/6c kf;ealogous?

  Which are examples of directajv;u e71cq 2uional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natura1ukxjia:)88qeyb 4i i l selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often founde*mc1bmf)e c2 near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which cc1m)b2em cf*eharacteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from tn.ll4 2 ptzs +ua0, 2r1jb+vd(nicqw flowers?

  A population of plants l7 ol,bt mrk 9zq27r9awith no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this cho mrllz9tq9,a7 k7br2ange occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in tmg afx a5o2lo ty.,6x,he forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) toogxty.a ax26m, ,l5fo modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result 9p rnh o .bo l-gqz+ci 948*jxgfy2sv9in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a common anj3(ux 8ywb jf *0aeqe/cestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are sxj*yjeu 0fq83 awb(/ ehown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciatmzvsd o6:(ile f.s 8o(ion?

1.Describe how mutatione os lx;a(kz5,s can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptatd* (tv4.a 2kgilzqj/kf*xwz 2ions. Which of the following best describes the term evol /qv2j4.gakzt f*k(zx* idwl2utionary fitness?