What is the correct definition of a gene pool?imp s9:qy2zi4

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency wit 6kjb3 2l.5zro z(lnpihin a population?

  Which of the following identn w8su f8w3p:gl*cr) gbrqx*0ifies a similarity and difference between natural selection lr8*3*p g:fgxc s8r0qbn )wuw and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees thatv)64xcddfhz w7lbg 9) the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth populatz69c7)hdgf b wlxd4)v ion numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support th;3 es se2qcnr (pj-nzm :6rpd6e theory of evolution?6:6re m-q 2jppzrnses;(d 3cn

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/d)j4.ftk ( /ggag dqk6are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equili9j 3e; ee2ocyvbrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the a) jay0y1rf x0idult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average l riaxfy00 jy1)ifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the ddlr: 7 dn4vh0 i6.l(r6yhjie qevelopment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) isiz xmyt 9*n:5m often used as an example when discussing industrial melanitnmx5ymzi* 9 :sm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evi*mf30sq0e ps6vhnn lpq.d9f, dence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of 3f idqti/(6yjfinches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause3/ iydj6( tfqi for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a + 1.hi sy1asuv0 ,9hrkr+hi:a g0ik zkgene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breeding? 4cfu6xd4 mcgn* sjg 6zt 1,k5o
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibir2,k,bc7,6-q b7lsjp;lc h lrnff n8kotics can be investigated. A study was co r8,s h;k6rn,7pcj,27fqlbn c kll- fbnducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codor -bxy /nypbl-h1p/2nc,4t jdminant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people whbytnch j2dpb1xnl-4-p, /r/ yo are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number b .cga-yi3)gvy sk(aau(nv.;of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa Nationasyyg(a .vi-nv a( )gc.3aukb;l Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the s;f12xkxt v mm9e 6c0isand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better int sfxctm;vm 1ek 0629xio the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best desqn *dcd*s4h2/i+t n zdcribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to bh ;fdmxldr:c.0p gu 0p)3g k2se ag0; kgsc d rpl xdu0.:3f2mph)nalogous?

  Which are examples of dire7um1rk5y+nvavq 1m.k : b oh;nctional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an examp n9er d)5nmbro)y/k7 ale of natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical ,a.n :wo5x xgkrainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf isx,:.a koxwg5 n an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar fmwsd2f 2n:*o bxza8)pmt 9:nw rom flowers?

  A population of plants with no reehmt v ;*hes8;qzk93ksistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that *v;8hthk39ee;mkq s zsecrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represent )h9*aratk1m gzhh+umy i8)-xs the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horsesh9m )hm1k)8i*hxzr uayt+ag - (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in4jy8f o v0rn1ubtec o29lwgl3v66s -x variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches whiy/o(hft r1 kvrn(.*so ch share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of to*or rvs(/ k1h(y.nft hese finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is 5 1 nonbc7o fc-jdt-o-not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural s f./yi zravq( :p-das7election.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the follow;e*ya *qnghq 5ba ko5+ j2f,nsing best describes the term og5 2enhb5kqy*a,; ajfn+s q*evolutionary fitness?