What is the correct definitz 6o2h9,vd c,veakz t-1;kvruion of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele fres ro;v10;cijp quency within a population?

  Which of the following ide /m6d-i(3 r0* i4lpdrilknpopntifies a similarity and difference between natural selection and selective breepd rnl rpil04i(p * 6o/dimk-3ding?

  As pollution levels rise,c00ay7o) u fxe3ye4ta the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?et74c00 ay)3a efyuxo

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support the theory o)ng k)k tnmwio/ :2u3ho bxm 7;,gn(ksf evoluti;)n i /k bgkmg7)honu(nwx3mst:,o2 kon?

  Which statement(s) about nakcmpa - kon0yuhwj 5m)b30(2 wtural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibriumymo9 c;n.*)lb k9uw d.j-msvm?

  The graph shows the relationship between the at1qan: t c,;abdult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What tyb ;tcnta1: ,qape of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following coujz3k)uz74+7vfsgqd e z b.ev+ ld lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discusqz6g.p+ e,v4 nmfuat*n:pydlo)3r5 zzbx;x7sing industrial melaniv7y.+; ltx z6ze5aqdnf : p gmrn,o)3pb*x 4zusm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evd. ;8m7qz x- wv g2oxyxyt1b4sidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large bcztm)*x fs9pk0ut. ;jeaks has increased relativ.mu)tjxpst k*f ;0zc9e to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possibleqbkdvcx0* k khz75zw*d13,l h causes of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are exampl 3ah,7f k9*qstzas 9wpe(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteri ; w(k24e05adx c gpdwh4rn)xoa with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic rwdxcg2w; h(n rxok4e4d)5p a0esistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The 2j ;uz7p.x pjzgraph shows the proportions of people who axzppj j.7z2u; re homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female Af2vdgnsr2 he9v ll, 368rymb2brican elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa v rgn2bsdhm68e9lly 2rb ,3v2National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the 4yurnv0,x c w:sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean:ncv4, u0yw rx. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous r6 4rpyiv8w yjebn004structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown belowh6a . i+ 1k2i5kstklgs, which one is likely to be analogous?+lt 5 i1saghk62sk ik.

  Which are examples of directiona ikll-95 r; 6mttxg8lll selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural se 8d7q* h7zmqcmlection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near thelheb w3tg d 0ywfn**::2wdli 6 ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristigb*d* itw:wy f36:lneldw h20c of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowers0tckr3 6)yp1 7bsxz nev12fdb?

  A population of plants with no resistance to a3u4 fco.s i. ejc4vf7gds f,qw;z5y/;ar s9 nherbivores may develop into a population of plants o j fc.fe7 g; ssida/y9 ra,nzsuf3cqv.5w4; 4that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features b6kubhvdli. lze:.b8 2 g 3.ymin the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern dg3m2 i:kd6be .lbv.l8 hu.bzyay horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in va.kskjrbguy-w qyk. a(tx 02 1.riation?

Darwin’s finches are a group e s/qjy l.2 o xss*n/gm6yf*7gof approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands.y ysnmos2*eq6*7g. /x/l sfg j Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following i o0iq )e2rds j8h)*hpomx0:s/l lzm j69a2xpys not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural 5quf3s+k6men 1nb n/ 3su- eitselection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness isf/sx g rkt5znd7g9kx u2,m) +j a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best dent) +75/skgf, 9j2 krumxd xzgscribes the term evolutionary fitness?