What is the correct d3xis ,nftb vjhb*s210efinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency w h ja:md:)katg0wr0wo ;-fq( dithin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference zq1x1- lmp9nzbetween natural selection and selective breedin1qz-l z1nx9 mpg?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees thath,7)ry*tkw,g -z8j v) utbo m xmrop., the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered mothzmpo b*. mg8y7,tv-tro,wr ,h ) )jxku population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to suppobmr3 hvlk-) bu8vl+z ,r s1w7mv)obcs1k1p8grt the theory of r l8 +8kc1lw1r-gbk3 ms7,o hv)bpm vbz 1)usvevolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/ah g *)t(x tmcaphx ,7ke5tni6n)4v0bare true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is t9d 6wx/ejuc (u+vp wt4rue of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of sgeo,zr6 mof*).r/deMasai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selecti mf,/.egrzo)r*s do6 eon is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic resista z45x ;8amm 6vshew;q7ifs:kdnce?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as ao g)yhm8obx59 n example when discussing industrial melanb y )x5ohg8o9mism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence fia 82ho v/le)uor evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency oavfx6 sdu-+37u h;h xxf finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could76v+du sx -u ahh3xfx; have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene 7vf 1s8cw bq9lo5ar 1;wkl*nxpool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of sekpwvysrr74 6 nq;crh2,.lg y8lective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with differeudegbtyv4l*pkw )io15x; a, w 9 xrw:9nt antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance t;t5 iepwd:wxuk4gry) 9 o1lx 9w,*vabhat bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is l(+t lq y9goi4o3i lt2a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the propori+l4o(gtqti2 9l l3yotions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodon0+ ,dt(cqqij rxz0z (sta africana) born without tusks in Gorongo(j0rdzqc0,qt i+ x(z ssa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend p4gl/f bv9yhs4n)u zo5 7wy.sinto rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend betterof. 4b 4lvg 5zswy y7suhp/)9n into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describerl 9*yjperw*9 s an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below,j/ bx )6k r*oz6q8lwj + (a03;iwcrosyxd m.zs which one is likely to be analogou o.3 xxji6w0b 8q*6lzry w sz+kc(sad;j/om) rs?

  Which are examples of directional s3/ uilsr.0lp4os e 6zrelection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural cafe ow;e3 9vnx))bb4selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforests.rius 7 6-zatktm6h to30;pki. Which6 ri70p ;h3s ztitkk-amo. 6ut characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for 2poi- fr69gd ssucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistanc5puw f*ar 5i;gr/ vdn( kg0urz8jjh,.e to herbivores may develop into a population of plants thajar(8fd rjkn; 5wh0u.i*u pz /v,g 5rgt secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefc: 7thj)n h-/ntt in6poot of horses from the oldi67n)nt n jhptth/ -c:est ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in var7+ nycjj;s r(piation?

Darwin’s finches are e1wnmqzys/ctp,418 e a group of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found 4ce q/ t,npy semzw811on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciation?1tb+x y- bi 4o - doyz27qob;q+kr4kvw

1.Describe how mutations can result indqen/ rt 61y7m*rct)ogd z3om s51/ ez natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the followv)gexf*x 8rt 7y5:xz-4uomfring best describes the term evolutionary *fy5 f:t 8or4vxxeg- zu)rxm7fitness?