What is the correct definition of a gene pools:o ;qbjcy q(4?

  Which would not cause changes to the *)k+ 3- *i0 gbfhr;7edd. o ,jkx0bhncrhxipk allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following idned 9a04ynh .n (2naunzp6/bxentifies a similarity and difference between natural selection9n xnpe b.anu4n(/zd62na y h0 and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppereda3r*ksr5foy lq(8. nxv/ma 9u moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population num*lxk 3f5. a(ay uq9n/ mrvo8rsbers?

  Which option lists examples o-z9lci6vlyr b l *01znf evidence that can be used to support the theory of 1b-* lz0 ylr9l6ncvizevolution?

  Which statement(s) about njqag/ ; hh 8:z k*v*8ddvbwvw,atural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated eqsjl fq.:*9bscbof 6 3kgq vkh0/k3va 0uilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the3mjuttu 3*fam0;i8m t adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of3t 80; aui3mmttf*jum selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following cou+ lon.x0w z.w:ixp0s eld lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston b4fqbuj9 k3:cpd0bm c 1etularia) is often used as an example when discussing induskp1q43b0m:uf dbj 9 cctrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evo1p7n7.tf3b6 brkds hk lution?

  In a population of finches, the4;e5l unii)g0mpr)bpl d; rb+ frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative tib;blgepd l))p u in50 ;rm+r4o the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causeskk5h g 1olo 7o/f34)g nyh9huk of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/arl o,xs bkgl+,+e example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with diff(um/0atlt-+ h yu h/.chzup9yerent antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had my+h/zlc u ahu(p/uht t.-y9 0developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherit0klt bvejccen-m:k990nqze /wdlz ;p/ 0;vp 2 ed in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affecte/wm0lnke ;9z -k00 eqe jtdbp vn/lz; c29pvc:d (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the a/osnt4 e1brx5.ou 5hy n w*nary9yis(;di6 5number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trendai5suwi15oyy46/n(ht5nnr ;x b9.oy s erad* shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in thea(nzms5e tb 3, sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection ie,m3z5s(t b ans this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes anton: ;l6 iqdv* analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each foreto ljnoewk.s4y/ d73s76tzr3u:h k 5plimb shown below, which one is likely to be analogousw /d3k s3j :yor7tz 5k e67npus.t4hol?

  Which are examples o k)ew0)9z7 osjj3av pny+nww) f directional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selectih +czf tt iabfbuer0:x 08d,9of3b*4lon?

  Broad-leaved plants are often k, -z 2vv6.vn3 my *8mnojgc x8yclq+cfound near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful mgv2ckz 3+-8xn* j cymovvq 8cy.6ln,adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking n1wq q+v .2zry/a nn2nbky qm +c1fbaypke); *+ectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may deveyd few86y ce +)lxdt8h-w8ptbo77 b5qlop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this chan)edbyxewptt8 8bcl-+ d 7qh 7yw8o5f 6ge occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of featuo m4o,7vs wn5n ,ezuz4res in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor ,z4z5ve,ws u7nn 4oom(a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis res z4fzfk m i/(x-b2,b;lkoa 1hj d8zs)ault in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18)o add5,9gxic finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos oga5dx ),9dicislands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an exaie *vp -zg+rmr49*)b)j hicdkmple of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result i5z8 wbal/4z+ba;v tu:wiu g2a n natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness *2oflrhbex 29is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the following 2e* 9fr2xob lhbest describes the term evolutionary fitness?