Central banks usually have aly/w30z o hm,s,ho)omll of the following goals except:

  Which of the following is a strengt b b5m0p9vd)c.iiv 5zuhs:8bqh of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing longcc5vfjtr;w,7-pf*crk ep:mpkgajj- : -p0 4z-term government securities fromv7 cr4:0pj ,p-pj--pjr*k fcze; tk 5awcg:mf commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money dehdt-5eje31iolt 1.vb d; ydr+mand in economics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered t9 8-jxplfxg+2ktoqz hk/j*f .o be a strength of monetary o.* 28/ fzkqxjtflxh+jg-9 kppolicy:

  The following statements are true ex zsxwy3 40gf:7m; vgdzcept:

  Which of the following is an exampler( i 7lzi/mafhh 4p9j; of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement raff1yfrahn 6,/c *o;4mg zla8atio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate ahlgcfn46a1 r/f o,8; yf*zam the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Banidk y3d.itf ;i+*3k3ept 3cvjk's (ECB) goal is to increase the money supply; select which of the following opti3 3t3t+ci ;iypkvkji.*ef 3dd ons below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after /z2z)yrj fuw(the implementation of expansionary fiscal policy?(w2u /zjzfy r)

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices bel(s)w -t pp mbp9o2dp9pzc1i h4ow which would be the most appropriate reason for the central bank to increase the money s-pw1zp4 b cdpmpp9( 2s9 to)ihupply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions would most +)fo,f. qsykq. ) aeiheffectively close an in )fiy)+ofah ..e,kqsqflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of vzf*whzu7+iozq3 qzow -grjm-4 xf6(s;p y3; automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may r0g/jq c.0s eqpesult from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income from a si ggy)+.r; sb$\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a d)kl4(rbdh f2odqb o 73(1jk mcontractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an 4o(d )h 1jf 3q (kk7m2dlbdrobexternal balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap