Central banks usually have all of the following go;fvi+p,2)mj- -ti hr7pznysdoba d85 als except:

  Which of the following is a strength of fiscal polic+xp k)lkb 5l-ay?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing long j ;:2kp1lifhi-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with theii; 2:pkhfj1l central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not assocnyr)65w qh.p ciated with holding money:

  Select from the choic2s 4 -cl ddb/q2ui7rm3w fixb.es below what is not considered to be a strength of monetary policyic7mbx d wb/q-.dl24i3su r2f:

  The following statements are true excepts+c1zo 3 oxj :vah;m9e:

  Which of the following is an rwzsi :*zv+vq.*g k0:i: zeb oexample of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requ le+ae1,)t7y9tc 1hv/tlq kcpirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can e1l/lqvpy1 +haeec ,k)tt9 t c7xpect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money suppl8;yy2ei2ax h nqe12kny; select which of the following options below the ECB must do:8 i1n2;hyexeyank 22 q

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementatz ndju16+/6ioxr9dim ion of expansionary fiscal pol6/m6 zj+oi nrd 9diu1xicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriateys5qhgh6*1dd 4dz,-leqt e:bv -cu 0v reason for the central bank to iz0d:1,et 5 sqq 4v-b*c yguded hhlv-6ncrease the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions woug))8 ti(n wq2f9ytfti ld most effectively close an in)2w tq9i )8ny(tfgtif flationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of autom p9ri *-klyvf-atic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may resultg3ig w ckt*w:x7/- vfih*rj8dnf r57qt hm- l( from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income fromf flx-zy-y/dc 5tw3v9los, /p a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission m: l7el r yqe/s8b+r.y4syzl/i echanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates8yb eqsly.r:es4zr+/l i ly7 / to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap