Central banks usually have all of the following goals exc6vy: d)mqc okpjw)zt-0ye/4bept:

  Which of the following is a strength of fiscal policy,if8f ;g*)utrmt mav)?

  The process of a central bank creating digital moneyj :wy2z**dsxm by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts he2**w:sx jzm ydld with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with holdidupu 8 pbgiv+ wo(x6n,q2qp :*ea;b:ung money:

  Select from the choices belowk 5uvvi )3s srm6zhcpf)1 af9/qj 1e-p what is not considered to be a strength of monetary p3q/ vmsvhufz 6as i19pk5-ec f 1)rj)policy:

  The following statements are txy a9p6r f 7rokkxy5)+rue except:

  Which of the following is anby7 w /3w ejo;ufmma27 example of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement raf0c2khsnxdw11kfsmx: y6d+ 5tio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculam+dsfc5ynkd 06x s 2kw:fh1x 1te the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase f18u*/wg kw bwthe money supply; select which of the followinwwf*wb1/kgu 8 g options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation of expansion857m ifmtkpb3ary fiscal policy?35 b7ktipm f8m

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below be (o jun -li:,kp5rf6which would be the most appropriate reason for the central bank to increase6p(o-r 5:kjfe bi,n lu the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions zukm/sl z z639 57ibcpwould most effectively close an inflationary gakz/sc6uzb57pz 9lm 3i p?

  Which of the following statemeny/ )d9.8v6wfolybl p1t qxft0ts is true of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following x f.t,u5j c8pymay result from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income frojb. qus xg8+-xie +n)vm a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contty b pb;hxk.+-ractionary monetary policy which htbp ;kb yx-.+involves raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap