Central banks usually have all of the following goals exce1rnmwf* .z,mf pt:

  Which of the following is a strength of fiscal polid+ 8/pru*+m d1f2mncc 0gmh swcy?

  The process of a central bank creating ( i n jo 7)eckv;qcf)sh4fsr5muwgug75u5 g;) digital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercia7 )ju;(s g gsr4v);c onhf5fm ikguqw75)euc 5l banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated w*mdy. b)xxwc/ e*mon 3ith holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strength ofn./ lnkre .t2nci0shtv+) ud* monetary policy )+nv*s/ruc. dnhe2 n0.iktl t:

  The following statements are true ex u*:0b k wf3vdb/ppqqnhosj* 5 z))-ptcept:

  Which of the following is an example of current expendim /3:d gdr sa/8+f4qf0:eyivey0enx. b8mq hqture?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requirement) i2duzn8 q0/ mb agzo3i0n Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) nu20gq08a/ 3zdomi zb1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase thex,7 o1;jk7 rl9e ,s0v:isktvqtu,sua money supply; select wh7asrejtl kt v,v7suku, 1i ox; 0qs,:9ich of the following options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to qhgxs8.6tb/r ygs-: edecrease after the implementation of expansionary fiscal polgbqx g8:.rhs /s-y6teicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropri6pii- dv6 x-28yjlvkux- v ,abate reason for the central ba yx-b,d a6l8-u6vipk x2vv-ijnk to increase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions would most effectiveliw0i nzbqo jm;* fur v)/,yr84y close an inflationar)zwj*bm vu8nr i/r; oi4 fy0,qy gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stao5 lnib37;-dy cg7ozkf;q.jkbilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a ,ylmtllo o(wph /+ 5o9sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income h(16 j ph 0nh:rbtns;kfrom a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contracg;e zmza2f( 6ptionary monetary pz6 zgm(;fe 2paolicy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap