08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equal zca5rv0z 38x dh88u j2u vg6lcareas in equal time” can be derived most directly from which conservati3 58ur6cvu8h dv z8xcglzj a02on law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow elliptical orbc p +0 psomu+-6stnfkub0 q.6zits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the .6uzqps6p0 +tmb 0c+oufk sn-following choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between two -s6tjokte g(2 small objects if the mass of eaoeks6jg 2tt-(ch object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract eac a s:ak1tgtwvl* /vfi6n6: b.ch other with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be 6v1t w.vkcftl a a6ni::s/b*gthe force if the distance between them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, nonq0qo m2x s 0dfn+o3k7w-rotating planets, X andY, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of Plane 73qmnfwoxok qd+0s2 0t Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, n plpa i v *m/7c227/9ikpvm/ahhno( mton-rotating planets, X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet /t7v /a camhm7/2nmk9vl *2popi hip( X has twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbited by a small 7-g+6b:crusmm o0t( lrc3d ejsatellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOmdbrcj :t o+lrg63m su7e0c(-T be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts J-/s9xih rt wk(ohn Glenn with a gravitational force F at tk/h ix-9(rts whe surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (ignore any influx; guyvi3o2 /sence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s accelerax;gyo / u2v3istion about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a cargo for+tlfknyxh+ 0 n,tb 0fu9 u*y-d the international space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the s+-ny,u tyfbkd hx0+fu 0n lt*9urface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surface of the Mna0b fx.k9mm4oon experiences the same gravitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonabl0mnfaxm kb4.9e conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surfa(m,4g+6uww2p / hly-qcol jezce of the moon.,yu 6(2pzjq+me c/l l-wg hwo4 If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypotheticazhc*5x5p( nh3n0sia kl planet has seven times the mass of Earth and twice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravipnxa 3 0hsz5(i nhk5*ctational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earthp;6+ 9j)xcs9cel1acx mw+xg a and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational j9c ;sc +)a 61lamgxcep xx9+wacceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satela;9sa+zmi3 cnn/zy (g lite orbits Planet X in a circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude oa3ci9m (n/az ng;sy+zf the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of oy)z-oox)a 7 gwur sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet7)g) aoxzwy-o to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are puta121qsw3d znv u mus+/ m4.nkx into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is Twz21+ 4sm xn/s dv q3nmku1a.u, what is the period of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makz) nxez4zm*. gsg;u6mb k2 q 98b:gfrfes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the following problem, the word “weighvz 9vj,a8 7x*hnkt2sh t” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were 987vtaxz2s,j* k vhn hto stop rotating, but not change shape,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun. As the comet mot-y+ j y9grn3 jicufwx+i4 5nb3h)d+yj10 ffpves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to)yp4nj3jdx +bi-gu++iyh0wfj3y51 fcfn9 tr perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system s7 j 0 hm x2tmlw.azz-7d.rv4djhown, the two stars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital periodzrdv.7mxt7lj-hm4w dz2 0.ja of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit sv0,v+fc yo: 4af.b2e*owod ywith speed vand orbital radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size ofya wbd.v oeyc*:o 2,o+40f vfs the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is