08.19: Kepler’s Secondg;f9nx*h)kau Law about “sweeping out equal areas in equal time” can be derived most directly from which consenxh9a )gf*u ;krvation law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow elliptical orbits with618zzz zkpmz 4.j6qbo the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statezp z6m oq8z1z 6j4k.zbment is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational attraction e0 djdj ul-5s8q:1bbbbetween two small objects if the mass of each object is dbbjudj1s -bl 0eq:58doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract eacmrvh;r,4+ 5 kc0qvqrah other with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force if the distance betmqr+a45 k ;hv0,crqrv ween them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, have the same uniform dens5 ztbhktsdy5; fl: 9.pity. Pd.: 5 s9zbtlky p5ft;hlanet X has twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-f kivhg ,.8a:pp iil6-rotating planets, X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twp pa.68i:vk lig,-ihfice the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbited* ywyrdz;sees469k6 c by a small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on th6r9e4 kw*sy dyc 6;ezse satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn wi,b fll5thga. :th a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitat lbga:hl 5.,ftional force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (igni4t: tndanw3t8y f ,vlk,a80bore any influence of the Sun), wh3,t nntt4alv0 ,:wkf yd88biaich one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the eamlg +h.i4qo;lt*i 8hnrth with a cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphs would best represiqh8mo*t g4n+.l ;ihlent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surfac:g;q(/ 1k8kqq q3qklgdsub 6ae of the Moon experiences the same gravitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion? k:qdq8q3gulqqb k(/k;6a sg1

  00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m, and a weig)n,c0tybr 0 r -wh)6 mvkfket5ht, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the mok)wfrv0mk6 ,e0nc-5t)h b yrton has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Earth az(ryunokl0tx x+(n; 0 ooz z.1nd twice the radius of Earth. The magnkn;+0( oozzrnuy lxto0z1x .(itude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth and a ma/g/myy4d, y7cbt: bk p43cfzv ss one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational yt7m/3cv/ zy4:4b y cdbkf ,pgacceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a circular spz4l+w7 al3 *ll xybe2a l+q0orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500 4+qa0l e2w3+lsby*al lzl px7,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypothetical pla+4gmyopt1p1fb u8lf,net orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approxibflfp8y4g +mu, 1t p1omately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 ar 6xos*58 pzn8d5pzf and 2, are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1.sx 6dr8zf5o*a8 p5znp If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit around the Earth wisb:n*j/zn/*dv ,plx t m66pd sth a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the followin:to 0n*czeyy 1gd. qa*g problem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale re*1*d :znga yy0qeco.tgisters. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not change shape,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around,ebp9*cm m*3hi8:kd - nco1v9 czkuud the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun)*updcm9m9oc1n ichd3k8- :v,zu * be k to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two stzrlu7x*)v kd4 ars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are suv) x4dz *ku7lrbject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circ. l1s c7m,rb ybg37jxj,3knv2pflui8ular orbit with speed vand orbital radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orb3,glbfy7.nruk3li j, 7x1m 28bpjcv sit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is