08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equal areas in equal t:viw01a h9svyime” can be derived most directly from whiw:0 h 19svyavich conservation law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow elliptical orbits with the 1yf2jqu kn--u Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the followi jk nu-qy-1fu2ng choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between two cx 9d2 gqroj+,small objects if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance between t,r 92dx cgjqo+heir centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other qc gd,7,a:4eix:s zyf+mos g3with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force i7 g,yg+m3s4eszoaqxcd :f i,: f the distance between them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, m t3*+stdd.pgg 5 kiz,have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of Planet Y. Letgdisk3, dp m zt5*.+gt $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-rotak26y;)vlchwj 0:rt8wv*; j: c egr zfuting planets, X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice v0t * urzc;:ew 2)wcrv;8yhjg: jfkl6 the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it vxw zb,ozy3;p/0j t9iis orbited by a small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. b9i0 w,3tzyzj; xpvo/ Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenh :*m jlvl)r yivr95e3svkp1*n with a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was31 j*ysr5r vv:l kem*)iphl9v in orbit was closest to which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only q6 2l)lsci4a(aaoawl, +yqo1the Moon-Earth system (ignore any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’salya4 wl+oac q,s2a )oi16 l(q acceleration about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a cargo for the internationasn4(9u1rf qea l space station, 4(auqfs nre 19which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surface of the Moo1tm/ev4) coxa3c ,wjd n experiences the same gravitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would xe v 14ma,3cdj)cotw/ be a reasonable conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m, and a weigh:x:d nsf0b t7uso.a h7t, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, wh7ba dn 0t f:7os:suxh.ich of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Earth and mef-hrc3 y - )luf,y *jv1oi7ttwice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface lfe,u- j1y yf)rcm 7h* 3vto-iof this planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth and a a/ zkf53itf*p mass one-fifth the Earth’s masszkf */5ap f3it. The gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planer- i)d14ct2nilj1dzs t X in a circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the d1tc4s dj i ni2rl)z-1magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star wit7ibopg x 286xxyxj vj(t236r vh mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Apprtix3 gx 86 vrxpvx(jyo2 76jb2oximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are put into circulz2o fj((*c8 b* bhc py+ocwe-q5lt3wl ar orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the perl*c lboctf-z q 5b83*ey +j(whop(2 wciod of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circulac )ujf7muski. /36 fk7 gxcr0qr orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the follow,:v4f0ym+ ovu ppsz) ging problem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not change :),u4vm f+sp pvygo0 zshape,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun. As the comet dflsy1q. )e qb (/ge2jmoves frqj (le qg/.s2db1f)yeom aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two stars follow circular or pm +lmfq4/x)zt9f c1fbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attractmtf+pq1x)mf c l9fz4 /ion. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vinx23*f -)de2xcezhgand orbital radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an ellipec23ix)x he-zd2ng *ftical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is