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习题练习:Vibrations and Waves



 作者: 王信东Wood发布日期: 2024-12-27 14:41   总分: 111分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 12月27日 14:41  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give some examples of everyday vibrating objects. Which exh /+kwpf 6 h4/pnwy;smmxv w+d1ibit SHM, at least approximvf+nww46/sk1w +h;dyp mxm/pately?
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is the acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator ever ze) -hlg .7nofr(sv/vlgro? If so, where?
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why the motion of a piston in aka* aq, oq)tj)n automobile engine is approximately simple har )qkja *t,o)aqmonic.
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Real springs have mass. Will the e;x3c1 wfao5sms6kf/true period and frequency be larger or smaller than gives5 a fk ;1we6/sxfm3ocn by the equations for a mass oscillating on the end of an idealized massless spring? Explain.
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
How could you double the maximum speed of a simple hau/ul7k7a ,fo5ndp-nhlkh ;w 5rmonic oscillator (SHO)?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A 5.0-kg trout is attached to the ho qpui6n hta.bf.jqlm1-u0h+*(e hz* ook of a vertical spring scale, and then is released. Describe the scale reading as a function.i+u(nq*b h6 ot-ha 0 jm*ueq hp1.zfl of time.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a pendulum clock is accurate at sea level, wilaetp+p/4 y 8qydm0ia+ l it gain or lose time when taken to high t/+pi8aq4+mde pa yy 0altitude? Why?
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A tire swing hanging from a branch reaches ne)k:ju69j zm /ijs4ct early to the ground (Fig. 11–48). How could you estimate thee4/m u9): jkz6csijtj height of the branch using only a stopwatch?
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why can you make water slosh back and forth in a pan o4l,kbh/zs0.ixv /hjf nly if you shake the pan at a certain hf4.vxls //j,i k0zhbfrequency?
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give several everyday examples of resonanc2tucl, kt;m+tvun;c 8e.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is a rattle in a car ever a resonj(kcnwpiyya83 a 0 .u5ance phenomenon? Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is the frequency of a simple periodic wave equal to the frequency of ig (y)wqxc;u b+yogif9:/r y)yts source? Why or whyo; yf)c +rbxyi)u9:gy/ g( yqw not?
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain the difference beztumuhva ,0 apvf -4:2r )4xtbtween the speed of a transverse wave traveling down a cord and the speed of azu ax:t0v24fvpr,) 4 mb-tua h tiny piece of the cord.
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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why do the strings used for the lowest-frequency notes on a ** lc4lclkl.g mq ;us2piano normally have wireug*l.2lq slkcc4l ;m * wrapped around them?
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
What kind of waves do you think will travel down a horizontal metnn:)d*qv odho w 49gm3al rod if you strike its end (a) vertically from above and (b) hdnonq g dv493:ow* m)horizontally parallel to its length?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Since the density of air decreasvk;9riotwi gi7 :r25jdi6j7*+w xefaes with an increase in temperature, but the bulk modulus B is nearly independent of temperature, how would you expect the speed of sfieg6 rw5jdr i97ota: ;vjkx+*wi72iound waves in air to vary with temperature?
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give two reasons why circular water waves decrease in amplitude as they t -5xto(6c( 496rqup b) mmif bd/xkwzvravel aw b6t(x/o6)p5qxruiz4 mbmc k (d 9wvf-ay from the source.
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Two linear waves have t/ea htszu /8x0y8cr grd3hbu6i5w(0bhe same amplitude and speed, and otherwise are identical, except onid u x3u t(zcb86ryrb0/ah0/g8e5s h we has half the wavelength of the other. Which transmits more energy? By what factor?
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a sinusoidal wave croxu* ,*djgj ck,sses the boundary between two sections of cord as in Fig. 11–33, the frequency does not change (although the wavelength and veloxj **jk,gd, cucity do change). Explain why.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a string is vibrati+4tx8gc7e :at z5vtving in three segments, are there any places you could touch it with a knife blade witha 8x:tgv7t54+z ecivtout disturbing the motion?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a standing wave exists onl3 vmpbpypc4 c7d4 7 ,uqtnu2( a string, the vibrations of incident and reflectedl2 pbt 7y up,up34c 4(mnqv7dc waves cancel at the nodes. Does this mean that energy was destroyed? Explain.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If we knew that ener n hp e)v0dol8p+)8ljigy was being transmitted from one place to another, how might we determine whether the energy was being carried by particlph)80+plv)o8njl di e es (material bodies) or by waves?
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23#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a particle undergoes SHM with amplitubd xkwfsv l7.n;8 9d j+zbnc2;de 0.18 m, what is the total distance it trav zxk f9;ds;ldv+7cn8nj b.w b2els in one period?    m

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24#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An elastic cord is 65 cm long when a weight of 75 N hangs f 5+bq u2khjt(from it but is 85 cm long when a weight of 180 N hangs from it. What i2+h ktqujbf(5s the “spring” constant k of this elastic cord?    N/m

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25#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The springs of a 1500-kgoi w1r/7 e(byt car compress 5.0 mm when its 68-kg driver gets into the driver’s seat. If the car goes over a bump, what will be the frequency of vibratiow/ye 7ib(ro1t ns?$\approx$    Hz

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26#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A fisherman’s scale stretches 3.6 cm when a 2.7-kg fisfir)dzruspg b);7c15 )qa,mnh hangs from it. (a) What is the spring stiffness constda,1bp; mzr )nq)f57iruc)sgant $\approx$    N/m
(b) what will be the amplitude and frequency of vibration if the fish is pulled down 2.5 cm more and released so that it vibrates up and down? $\approx$    Hz (round to one decimal place)

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27#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An elastic cord vibrates with a frequency of 3.y gw:.r/wku5 ,a55h,ncuzccm 0 Hz when a mass of 0.60 kg is hung from it. What is gn/za hmwk ,u y u5.5cc:cw,5rits frequency if only 0.38 kg hangs from it?    Hz

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28#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Construct a Table indicating the position x of the mass i, /s/qx, qbu/v3gglden Fig. 11–2 at times t =d//, g, xbuegqv3l q/s 0,t = $\frac{1}{4}T$,$\frac{1}{2}T$,$\frac{3}{4}T$,T and $\frac{5}{4}T$,where T is the period of oscillation. On a graph of x vs. t, plot these six points. Now connect these points with a smooth curve. Based on these simple considerations, does your curve resemble that of a cosine or sine wave (Fig. 11–8a or 11–9)?

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A small fly of mass 0.25 g is caught in a spidemu *6z0pg qmj6r’s web. The web vibrates predomin*6z6qumj0m gp ately with a frequency of 4.0 Hz.
(a) What is the value of the effective spring stiffness constant k for the web?$\approx$    N/m (round to two decimal place)
(b) At what frequency would you expect the web to vibrate if an insect of mass 0.50 g were trapped?    Hz

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass m at the end of a s4edc.y y x vemo 4n5:x.b9,plbpring vibrates with a frequency of 0.88 Hz. When an additional 680-g m .enx4,v4.cx e 5 :plobdmby9yass is added to m, the frequency is 0.60 Hz. What is the value of m?    kg

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 0.60-kg mass at the end of a spring vibrates 3.0 times per second with aj,u:zzra6hz7cs 3 ba e /lj/-gn amplitude of 0. u:gs3 balh -zajz 7/j/6rcez,13 m. Determine
(a) the velocity when it passes the equilibrium point,$\approx$    m/s(round to one decimal place)
(b) the velocity when it is 0.10 m from equilibrium, $\approx$ ±    m/s(round to one decimal place)
(c) the total energy of the system,$\approx$    J(round to one decimal place)
(d) the equation describing the motion of the mass, assuming that x was a maximum at x = (0.13π)cos(  πt)

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what displacement from equilibrium is the 9 d bn6/ug7fb+6szrz i kd*r l7jv29zyspeed of a SHO half the maximum valuegbbzzl vk76+rdy7z dir 9f/j29 n6 *su?$\approx$    A

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33#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A mass attached to th0n:2l j ;visqpe end of a spring is stretched a distance $x_0$ from equilibrium and released. At what distance from equilibrium will it have acceleration equal to half its maximum acceleration?
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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass of 2.62 kg stretches a vertical spring 0.315 m. If thxddalt :8jy:;e spring is stretched an additional 0.130 m and release 8tdx:l da;jy:d, how long does it take to reach the (new) equilibrium position again?    s

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An object with mass 3.0 kg is :wsuhezm yl8j,e jvirfou5n:/i88 6 ,attached to a spring with spring stiffness constant k = 280u ej56io ierwy8 , f,:nl8vumjs/8hz: N/m and is executing simple harmonic motion. When the object is 0.020 m from its equilibrium position, it is moving with a speed of 0.55 m/s
(a) Calculate the amplitude of the motion.    m
(b) Calculate the maximum velocity attained by the object.$\approx$    m/s (round to two decimal place)[Hint: Use conservation of energy.]

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It takes a force of 80.0 N to compress the spring of a toy popgun 0.200 m to p *iz,(vxbg5*sbg6mjvu6xnet n04k9-+xsrz “load” a 0.180nx5i rnp s,6bk4 u z*s0g9vjx vz-( xmg*ebt6+-kg ball. With what speed will the ball leave the gun?    m/s

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass sitting on a horizontal, frictionless surface is attachenm 4dwoij62b65-d codr 4x; iid to one end of a spring; the other end is fixed to a wall. 3.0 J of work is required to compress the spring by 0.12 m. If th52 xd r;4nidb4cwm-djioi66o e mass is released from rest with the spring compressed, the mass experiences a maximum acceleration of 15 $m/s^2$ Find the value of
(a) the spring stiffness constant    N/m
(b) the mass.$\approx$    kg

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 0.60-kg mass vibrates according to the equation x =k53 jpv(j git6u37ddt 0.45cos6.4t where x is in meters and t is ikj 5 pdtjv37i6du(3t gn seconds. Determine
(a) the amplitude,    m
(b) the frequency, $\approx$    J(round to two decimal place)
(c) the total energy, $\approx$    J(round to one decimal place)
(d) the kinetic energy and potential energies when $\approx$    J(round to one decimal place)

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what displacement from e8 kul :cc4o8mxquilibrium is the energy of a SHO half KE and half PE? ±8:cu4l mkcx8 o    A

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If one vibration has 7.mwd 8di8ab3f v3m3-ngn8h tjh,hz .4l0 times the energy of a second, but their frequencies and masses are the same, 3 m t dwa. bf,hihj4hm8z 33lvd8-nng8what is the ratio of their amplitudes?   

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 2.00-kg pumpkin oscillates from a vertically hanging light spring once every eu (20r vjo*ygkv7c( 6(okkc (;ctyhl0.*2hjkcvy(tyuc(c7ek (g0o l;o(k r6 v65 s.
(a) Write down the equation giving the pumpkin’s position y (+ upward) as a function of time t, assuming it started by being compressed 18 cm from the equilibrium position (where ), and released. y = (   m)cos($\frac{2\pi t}{0.65s}$)
(b) How long will it take to get to the equilibrium position for the first time?    s
(c) What will be the pumpkin’s maximum speed?    m/s
(d) What will be its maximum acceleration, and where will that first be attained?   $m/s^2 $

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42#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A block of mass m is supported by two identical parallel ver 3ips61cn5lx, irp9 fc 0mnsg:tical springs, each with spring stiffness constant k (Fig. 11–49). What will be the frequency s,90m3nx n:p fscr cl1i gi56pof vibration?
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43#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 300-g mass vibrates according to the equation x = 0.38sin6.5t where x is in m l,zhg7xba,( eeters and t z7gh(a,ex,b lis in seconds. Determine
(a) the amplitude,    m
(b) the frequency,    Hz
(c) the period,    s
(d) the total energy, $\approx$    J
(e) the KE and PE when x is 9.0 cm.$E_{potential}$ =    J $E_{kinetic}$ =    J($E_{kinetic}$round to two decimal place)
(f) Draw a careful graph of x vs. t showing the correct amplitude and period.

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44#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure 11–50 shows two examples of SHM, labeled A and B. For ea5+sv1lna 006to daa, fxa/pvr ch, what is
(a) the amplitude,$A_A$ =    m $A_B$ =    m
(b) the frequency, $f_A$ =    Hz $f_B$ =    Hz
(c) the period? $T_A$ =    s $T_B$ =    s
(d) Write the equations for both A and B in the form of a sine or cosine.$x_A$ = (    m) sin($\frac{\pi}{2}t$) $x_B$ = (    m)cos ($\pi$t)


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45#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At a 755-g mass at rest on the end of a horiavk yf2 7p5wh;zontal spring (k = 124 N/m) is struck by a hammerfpah5v;y w72k , which gives the mass an initial speed of 2.96m/s Determine
(a) the period and frequency of the motion,    s    Hz
(b) the amplitude,    m
(c) the maximum acceleration,    $m/s^2$
(d) the position as a function of time, x = (    m)sin(4.08$\pi$t)
(e) the total energy.    J

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A vertical spring with spring stiffness constant(fpe 6h6h2rz g 305 N/m vibrates with an amplitude of 28.0 cm when 0.260 kg hangs from it. The mass passes through the equilibrium point (x=0) with positive velocity ahzerp g2h6 6(ft
(a) What equation describes this motion as a function of time?
(b) At what times will the spring have its maximum and minimum extensions?
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47#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A mass m is connected to two springs, with spring stiffness con29ume az8 s75w f 6k5a*tsdfmhstants $k_1$ and $k_2$ as shown in Fig. 11–51. Ignore friction. Show that the period is given by
T=2 $\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k_{1}+k_{2}}}$ .

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 25.0-g bullet strikes 5my 7*n sha exoxfw0nx9lo8 96a 0.600-kg block attached to a fixed horizontal spring whossnx6 f5x 9 0wnx8mhoa oeyl*79e spring stiffness constant is $ 7.7\times10^{3 }$ N/m The block is set into vibration with an amplitude of 21.5 cm. What was the speed of the bullet before impact if the bullet and block move together after impact?    m/s

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bungee jumper with gttn ulz) /3b3mass 65.0 kg jumps from a high bridge. After reaching his lowest point, he oscillates up and down, hitting a low point eight more times in 38.0 s. He finally comes to rest 25.0 m below t b3tzgu 3/nlt)he level of the bridge. Calculate the spring stiffness constant and the unstretched length of the bungee cord.
spring stiffness constant$\approx$    N/m(Round to the nearest integer)
unstretched length of the bungee cord    m

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A pendulum makes 36 vibrations in exactly 60 s. dz .a.plj28o8jcpnc 1What is its
(a) period,    s/cycle
(b) frequency?   Hz

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51#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How long must a simple pendulum be if it is to ma5r a99veuo0ko ke exactly one swing per second? (That is, one complete v599akv0e rou oibration takes exactly 2.0 s.)    m

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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A pendulum has a period of 0f1thgw (09hjn2je9rfp /zk ,g .80 s on Earth. What is its period on Mars, where the acceleration of gravity is about 0.37 that on /gt02 p hf9jzhjnfek9(r g1, wEarth?    s

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the period of a simple pendulum5u eitus* s7z6b*t 2qj 80 cm long
(a) on the Earth,    s
(b) when it is in a freely falling elevator?

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The length of a simple pendulum is 0.760 mw;jcntva4: y:, the pendulum bob has a mass of 365 grams, and it is released at an angle of 12.0 n4tc y:;aw:j v$^{\circ} $ to the vertical.
(a) With what frequency does it vibrate? Assume SHM. $\approx$    Hz(round to three decimal place)
(b) What is the pendulum bob’s speed when it passes through the lowest point of the swing?    m/s
(c) What is the total energy stored in this oscillation, assuming no losses?    J

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Your grandfather clock’s pendulum )ypf8 l,/aacm po58gm)t +tlzhas a length of 0.9930 m. If the clock loses half a minute per day, ) g+la5f/ )aypc8tm,p8z mltohow should you adjust the length of the pendulum? shortened by    mm.

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56#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Derive a formula for the maximum speed 4a eb9qvc* u)xgc(2;gv5yu gp$v_{max}$ of a simple pendulum bob in terms of g, the length L, and the angle of swing $\theta_{0}$
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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A clock pendulum oscie 2aauc5b2y*b 4 tbsv7llates at a frequency of 2.5 Hz. At it is released from rest starting 7b5 v a2c*2et4ubas ybat an angle of 15 $^{\circ} $ to the vertical. Ignoring friction, what will be the position (angle) of the pendulum at
(a) t = 0.25 s ,    $^{\circ} $
(b) t = 1.60 s ,    $^{\circ} $
(c) t = 500 s ?    $^{\circ} $
[Hint: Do not confuse the angle of swing $\theta$ of the pendulum with the angle that appears as the argument of the cosine.]

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A fisherman notices that wave crests pass the bow of his anchored boat every hlu169x;xpf ( loaak xl/x0)m3.0 s. He measures the distance between two crests to be 6.5 m. How fasl96lula)x0/omx 1;x xa(pfhk t are the waves traveling?    m/s

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sound wave in air has a frequency of 262 Hz and travels with a speed of 3-qs 7zcx k 2m bv2o4nwbv46r;q43 m/s How far ambxn2- ko ;4 sbwcr2q7 zv4q6vpart are the wave crests (compressions)?    m

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) AM radio signals have frequencies betei--wq c.ya 4jween 550 kHz and 1600 kHz (kilohertz) and travelj-a -c .4qeywi with a speed of $ 3\times10^{8 }$ m/s What are the wavelengths of these signals?    m to    m(b) On FM, the frequencies range from 88.0 MHz to 108 MHz (megahertz) and travel at the same speed; what are their wavelengths?   m to    m

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the speed of longitux p p9*-hldpx/qg5fe0dqqd +fc,2+ubdinal waves in
(a) water,    m/s
(b) granite,    m/s
(c) steel.    m/s

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two solid rods have the same elastic modulus, bjyz9dh ;dlk.3ut one is twice as dense as the other. In which rod will thejk3 y.z9hdd l; speed of longitudinal waves be greater, and by what factor?   

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cord of mass 0.65 kg iuerh9l9x5- f ti:enejf- 9 gf(s stretched between two supports 28 m apart. If the tension in the cord is 150 N, how long will itg-- e(f 5nfutirl9 x:he f9e9j take a pulse to travel from one support to the other?    s

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A ski gondola is connected txz8 yi,pql+ k.d7*ivkf*c9ymo the top of a hill by a steel cable of length 620 m and diameter 1.5 cm. As the gondola comes to the end of its run, it bumps into the terminal andy z*pky.7xd,f cq k8*i l9miv+ sends a wave pulse along the cable. It is observed that it took 16 s for the pulse to return.
(a) What is the speed of the pulse? (Round to the nearest integer)$\approx$    m/s
(b) What is the tension in the cable?    N

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sailor strikes the side of hzei)f0jnq,7 mo /2atq.w fw2uis ship just below the surface of the sea. He hears the echo of z 7a02i.uowfmjtfw nq,2)q/ethe wave reflected from the ocean floor directly below 3.0 s later. How deep is the ocean at this point?    m

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  P and S waves from an earthquake travel at different speeds,x9ri /aj70kev and this difference helpsakix79e/0v j r in locating the earthquake “epicenter” (where the disturbance took place).
(a) Assuming typical speeds of 8.5km/s and 5.5km/s for P and S waves, respectively, how far away did the earthquake occur if a particular seismic station detects the arrival of these two types of waves 2.0 min apart?    km
(b) Is one seismic station sufficient to determine the position of the epicenter? Explain.

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An earthquake-produced surface waveie, dul.wpn2 :j/dd;m can be approximated by a sinusoidal transverse wave. Assuming a frequency of 0.50 Hz (typical of earthquakes, which actually include a mixture of f:. ,p/ewd2nmjd ;iudl requencies), what amplitude is needed so that objects begin to leave contact with the ground? [Hint: Set the acceleration a>g]    m

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the ratio of (a) the intensities, and (b) thp.hv4 p6r w. pdc7tb pc5 q;fy+ugf1b,e amplitudes, of an earthquake P wave passing through the Earth and detected at td4ph761upwff;qgptyb.vb ccp, r . +5wo points 10 km and 20 km from the source?(a)    (b)   

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The intensity of an earthquake waveny5 3 )tk 59encwtvj-g passing through the Earth is measured to be n5ec-n9yt gkjtv35w ) $ 2\times10^{6 }J/m^2$ at a distance of 48 km from the source.
(a) What was its intensity when it passed a point only 1.0 km from the source?(round to one decimal place)$\approx$    $ \times10^{9 }W/m^2$
(b) At what rate did energy pass through an area of $5m^2$ at 1.0 km?    $ \times10^{10 }W$

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two earthquake waves of the same frequency trae sh)(fn06ae ee8iwv)vel through the same portion of the Earth, but(eenev)s)h8w6 i0 afe one is carrying twice the energy. What is the ratio of the amplitudes of the two waves?   

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two waves traveling along a stretched string have the sam*l9b/q kt q6dbe frequency, but one tr/b6*dl b9ktq qansports three times the power of the other. What is the ratio of the amplitudes of the two waves?   

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bug on the surface of a pond is observed to movej;o32oxpe,ykcgn56*h ly 2x7tjil t* up and down a total vertical distance of 6.0 cm, from the lowest to the highest point, as a wave passes. If the ripples decrease to 4.5 cm, by what facxt;i nt7o,ogjyyh26p5xlk3 *l*je 2c tor does the bug’s maximum KE change?   

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73#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The two pulses shown in Fig. 11–52 are moving tow(aw 6jsp it;+jqb;gd+bbfi,0 d.lon 6ard each other. (a) Sketch the shape of the string at the moment they directly ovebw66i .+;pbq;jtia+oddn s (0j,fbl grlap. (b) Sketch the shape of the string a few moments later. (c) In Fig. 11–36a, at the moment the pulses pass each other, the string is straight. What has happened to the energy at this moment?

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a violin string vibrates at 440 Hz as its fundame exvwq,71 gxh/ntal frequency, what are the frequencies of the x ev qx/1w7g,hfirst four harmonics?$f_1$ =    Hz $f_2$=    Hz $f_3 $ =    Hz $f_4 $=    Hz

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A violin string vibrates at 294 Hz when unfingered. At ww bge7 63;ot-1st sbmyhat frequency will it vibrate if it is fingered one-third of the way down from the end? (That is, s -tb b7yg6 w;em1o3tsonly two-thirds of the string vibrates as a standing wave.)    Hz

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A particular string resonates in fo:h4o3 wdor mi t7-o,:ps 0pvzlur loops at a frequency of 280 Hz. Name at least three otheoso3i w,o:7mr-4dp0p: zvhtlr frequencies at which it will resonate. $f_1$ =    Hz $f_2$ =    Hz $f_3 $ =    Hz $f_5 $ =    Hz

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The velocity of waves on ibh/15l f;,z az5hntfa string is 92m/s If the frequency of standing waves islhfba iz;, z/t15fh5n 475 Hz, how far apart are two adjacent nodes?   m

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If two successive overtone*kgu4t s3 518- l gdgsdetw/iis of a vibrating string are 280 Hz and 350 Hz, what is tt14le g/5gk u8 d*igs3si-tw dhe frequency of the fundamental?    Hz

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A guitar string is 90 cm long and has a mass of 3.6 g. The distance from the brdcm; suqy +1w 2ta(l8widge to the support post is L = 62cm and the string is um wc2+qyatuwl8(1s ;dnder a tension of 520 N. What are the frequencies of the fundamental and first two overtones?    Hz

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80#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A particular guitar string is supposed to vibrat4yltplxb hgd2)u 3: 9ne at 200 Hz, but it is measured to vibrate at 205 Hz. By what percent shouxt:p l)9yl nudhbg423ld the tension in the string be changed to correct the frequency?So the three frequencies are,    Hz    Hz    Hz to 2 significant figures.

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81#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A particular guitar string is supposed to vibrate at 2kfd81qc muj jp g*hg ml0*r./900 Hz, but it is measured to vibrate at 205 Hz. By what percent should the tension in the string be changed to correct the frequency?hjj*pc8r1 d*g u 9m0l /.qmkgf decreased by    %

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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One end of a horizontal string is attached to a smazi8uz u1 )sc1wll-amplitude mechanical 60-Hz vibrz i1s1uucw8z) ator. The string’s mass per unit length is $3.9 \times10^{ -4}$ kg/m The string passes over a pulley, a distance L = 1.50 m away, and weights are hung from this end, Fig. 11–53. What mass m must be hung from this end of the string to produce
(a) one loop,(round to one decimal place) $\approx$    kg
(b) two loops,    kg
(c) five loops of a standing wave? Assume the string at the vibrator is a node, which is nearly true.   kg



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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In Problem 59, the length of the strin12.l+ ikhw,r)3fbcymea /4 qwn +vso kg may be adjusted by moving the pulley. If the hanging mass m is fixed atsa r 42)wyb,f3wh+mo.1+ nke cvlki/q 0.080 kg, how many different standing wave patterns may be achieved by varying L between 10 cm and 1.5 m?   

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When you slosh the water vc:u t(dcz cvb0ll2:yr80z,sback and forth in a tub at just the right frequency, the water alternately rises and falls at each end, remaining relatively calm at tbll(c20yz cd:,trcvz:8 s u0vhe center. Suppose the frequency to produce such a standing wave in a 65-cm-wide tub is 0.85 Hz. What is the speed of the water wave?    m/s

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An earthquake P wave traveling at k.0 km/s strikes a bonok6 (;7dbk sjundary within the Earth betks7d b n6oj;k(ween two kinds of material. If it approaches the boundary at an incident angle of 47 $^{\circ} $ and the angle of refraction is 35 $^{\circ} $, what is the speed in the second medium?    km/s

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86#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Water waves approach an underwater “shel buf+4 uzdj*/mf” where the velocity changes from 2.8 m/s to 2.1 m/s If the incident wave crests m4m/j f+ubd*uzake a 34$^{\circ} $ angle with the shelf, what will be the angle of refraction?    $^{\circ} $

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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sound wave is traveling in warm air when it hits a layer of cold, denskqmt.o3kd7a-ljs) o 6e air. If the sound wave hits the cold air interface at an an ao-. dkqk)o tj673smlgle of 25$^{\circ} $, what is the angle of refraction? Assume that the cold air temperature is $ - 10 ^{\circ} C$. and the warm air temperature is $ + 10 ^{\circ} C$. The speed of sound as a function of temperature can be approximated by v=(331+0.60T) m/s where T is in $ -10 ^{\circ} C$.    $^{\circ} $

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88#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A longitudinal earthquake wave strikes a boundary betwe2 a:xe3nu-tf.p cbfd 1d2)gqxen two types of rock at a 38utpdnf)aq2-ebx .g13: c 2dx f $^{\circ} $ angle. As the wave crosses the boundary, the specific gravity of the rock changes from 3.6 to 2.8. Assuming that the elastic modulus is the same for both types of rock, determine the angle of refraction.    $^{\circ} $

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89#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A satellite dish is about 0.q) isx z+xfd-8 iza,+dblmb7n4v9tt ; 5 m in diameter. According to the user’s manual, the dish has to be pointed in the direction of the satellite, but an error of ab8t szt nd,lb-ibfi4)xvd z9a m7+ q+x;out 2 $^{\circ} $ is allowed without loss of reception. Estimate the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves received by the dish.    m

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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tsunami of wavelength 250 km and velocity 750 km/h tn8oz ttmbs**4 ravels across the Pacific Ocean. As it approaches Hawaii, people observe an unusual decrease of sea level in the harbors. Approximately how much time do they have to run to safety? (In the absence of knowledge and warning, people have died during tsunamis, sbtn4 * *z8mtosome of them attracted to the shore to see stranded fishes and boats.)    min

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An energy-absorbing car bums4fvw3s5tnl(86hfozoc ur+3 per has a spring stiffness constant of 550 kN/m Find the maxo 8so t 5vw4+z(c3f3r h6lfnusimum compression of the bumper if the car, with mass 1500 kg, collides with a wall at a speed of 2.2 m/s (approximately 5 mi/h). [Hint: Use conservation of energy.]    m

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 65-kg person jumps from a window to a fire net 18 m belolzwh pve h1/ko/-*al0w, which stretches the net 1.1 m. Assume tha /vkz/ 1ewll o*hp0-hat the net behaves like a simple spring, and
(a) calculate how much it would stretch if the same person were lying in it.    m
(b) How much would it stretch if the person jumped from 35 m?    m

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass m is gently pl5l7ba z9h4ucj aced on the end of a freely hanging spring. The mass then falls 33 cm before it stops and begins to rise. What is the frequency of the oscilla 74zujl5acbh9 tion?    Hz

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 950-kg car strikes a huge spring at a speed of 22 m/s (Fig. 11–5s-u1*onb+wg- f6m t;w 2qum ce4), compressing the spring 5.0 m. (a) What is the spring stiffness constant of the spring?n eogm6s*c mw;tw-uf21 q u-+b    N/m (b) How long is the car in contact with the spring before it bounces off in the opposite direction?    s


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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When you walk with a cup of coffee (diameter 8 16pkbly.k 1bd cm) at just the right pace of about 1 step per second, the coffeek1b.kylbd1 6 p sloshes more and more until eventually it starts to spill over the top (Fig. 11–55). Estimate the speed of waves in the coffee.    cm/s

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The ripples in a certain groove 10.8 2ewgjaen1w6c- 02 i vocm from the center of a 33-rpm phonograph record have a wavelength of 1.76wj ev wae21n- g0c2io0 mm. What will be the frequency of the sound emitted?    Hz

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 2.00-kg mass vibrates according to the equation x=0.650cos7.40t where x is w,u(mdot.((cmp rz. cin c(mdmz( o(.w.u pt r,cmeters and t in seconds. Determine
(a) the amplitude,    m
(b) the frequency,(round to two decimal place)$\approx$    Hz
(c) the total energy,(round to one decimal place)$\approx$    J
(d) the kinetic energy and potential energy when x=0.260 m.(round to one decimal place) PE$\approx$    J KE =    J

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A simple pendulum oscillates with frequency f.i4e;b ul 5hb9v What is its frequency if it accelerates at 0.50g (a)i5 u;l49 bbvhe upward,    f
(b) downward?    f

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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 220-kg wooden raft floats on a lake. When a 75-kg ma/8kjzk 1 0 lqx u6g+jqp)/mitrn stands on the raft, it sinks 4.0 cm deeper into the water. When he steps off, the raft vibrates for a while.j ut/8qxj6kr+z )pi gm0/q lk1
(a) What is the frequency of vibration?(round to one decimal place) $\approx$    Hz
(b) What is the total energy of vibration (ignoring damping)?(Round to the nearest intege) $\approx$    J

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two strings on a musical instrument are tuned to play at 392 Hz (G) and 44t6z;+7 kto ge+ co ,pexxw+:qr0 Hz (A)kop:++ ,t wtxrceq gx7z6+eo; .
(a) What are the frequencies of the first two overtones for each string? G : $f_2$=    Hz $f_3$=    Hz A : $f_2$=    Hz $f_3$=    Hz
(b) If the two strings have the same length and are under the same tension, what is the ratio of their masses ($m_{\mathrm{G}}/m_{\mathrm{A}}$)   
(c) If the strings instead have the same mass per unit length and are under the same tension, what is the ratio of their lengths($L_{\mathrm{G}}/L_{\mathrm{A}}$)   
(d) If their masses and lengths are the same, what must be the ratio of the tensions in the two strings?   

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101#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider a sine wave traveling down q,mkcddy5cpld 4et 674.8 tdvthe stretched two-part cord of Fig. 11–33. Determine a formula (a) for the ratio of the speeds of the wave in the heavy section versus that in the lighter section, and (b) for the ratio of the wavelengths in the two sections. (The frequency is the same in both sections. Why?) (c) Is the wavelength greater in the heavier 8ptddyq6tv kl,e4 d 7cd.m45csection of cord or the lighter?

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tuning fork vibrates at a frequency of 264 Hz, and the tipi *up2bz;tj-qk)z l)n of each prong moves 1.8 mm to eithet)z;uzb n)jq- k*2i plr side of center. Calculate
(a) the maximum speed    m/s
(b) the maximum acceleration of the tip of a prong.    $m/s^2$

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103#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A diving board oscillates with w9v/x6zmus(qs , vgl(ck 40vqsimple harmonic motion of frequency 1.5 cycles per second. What is the maximum amplitude wi9m(, q/4kxcqs0lz v g6(s uwvvth which the end of the board can vibrate in order that a pebble placed there (Fig. 11–56) will not lose contact with the board during the oscillation?
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104#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A string can have a “free” enmf5gqrgb4q70r1glwln y. j -0d if that end is attached to a ring that can slide without friction on a vertical pole (Fig. 11–57). Determine 4 g-yf0 j.rrql5 wq1 nlgmg0b7the wavelengths of the resonant vibrations of such a string with one end fixed and the other free.

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A “seconds” pendulum has a period of exactly 2.000 s — each one-wayakgu9l.k+u 4w swing takes 1.000 s4.9kug aulw+k.
(a) What is the length of a seconds pendulum in Austin, Texas, where $g=9.793\mathrm{m/s}^{2}$    m
(b) If the pendulum is moved to Paris, where $g=9.809\mathrm{m/s}^{2}$ by how many millimeters must we lengthen the pendulum?    mm
(c) What would be the length of a seconds pendulum on the Moon, where $g=1.62\mathrm{m/s}^{2}$    m

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106#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A mass hanging from a sprip6oe7en;f p 5zng can oscillate in the vertical direction or can swing as a pendulum of small amplitude, but not both at the same time. Which one is longer, the period of the vertical oscillations or the period of the horizontal swings, and by what amount? [Hint: Let;zpo6 5pn7eef $l_0$ be the length of the unstretched spring, and L be its length with the mass attached at rest.]
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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A block with mass $M=5.0\mathrm{kg}$ rests on a frictionless table and is attached by a horizontal spring $\begin{pmatrix}k=130\mathrm{N/m}\end{pmatrix}$ to a wall. A second block, of mass $m=1.25\mathrm{kg}$ rests on top of M. The coefficient of static friction between the two blocks is 0.30. What is the maximum possible amplitude of oscillation such that m will not slip off M?    m

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 10.0-m-long wire of mass 123 g is stretched under a tension of 255 N. A pul lj28btrtv)q1 poy. ,j2 qee)tse is generated ayjtlpb8 qjte22rqt., v))o1e t one end, and 20.0 ms later a second pulse is generated at the opposite end. Where will the two pulses first meet?    m

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109#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A block of mass M is suspended from. h m3-e2p ry.k u*l;neo,fupd a ceiling by a spring with spring stiffness constant k. A penny of mass m is placed on top of the block. What is the maximum amplitude of oscillrlenu h,ypp* m-. ;o3kd2ef.uations that will allow the penny to just stay on top of the block? (Assume $m \ll M$)
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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A crane has hoisted a 1200 :gna; wjg4be(-kg car at the junkyard. The steel crane cable is 22 m long and has a diameter of 6.4 mm. A breeze starts the car bouncing at the end of the cable. What is the period of the bouncing? [Hint: Refer :;gjn( eawbg 4to Table 9–1.]    s

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A block of jello rests on a plate as shown in Fig. 11–58 (which also*y 1n qtyjxjw(v1: c4;h/izmb gives the dimensions of the block). You push it sideways as shown, and then you let go. The jello springs back and begins to vibrate. In analogy to a mass vibrating on a spring, estimate the frequency of this vibration, given that the shear modulu:c/tm*1zq1 y4 vx; nw(hbyj jis (Section 9–5) of jello is 520 $N/m^2$ and its density is 1300 $kg/m^3$    Hz



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