1. Which of the following could be part of the descri*zx1 n cy2tz*n5c5wc qption of a forest habitat on a 5t*qx2n w cy5zc1zc*nmountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for c.d:my90v1ivchntvkd / 7.f gu oral reef formation in an v1i/du c.vtk. g dfy:m0 n7vh9ocean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the follow cdp/x6e66sc 1fsd;z ting is a correct feature of a tundra biome but not for a taiga bisz1xcft6p/ds; de c66ome?

  4. What is the best description of vj;ydsz; 7v(c/ zyns1 the limits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densi4 ,knul f5dc +v+hl9hw jpk4d/ty

(c) Leaves at the top oixsgr9) ooljo 8y ;83rf tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are thbsm7yfx7z;,6 nd0g kee determinants of the type of terrestrial biomefy , szgxk6d;77mbn e0.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupiedyg x (nt;j5dr; by one these biomes that may change due to globxryn (;;dtgj5al warming. Suggest a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible fo qma 0zl4yq1a(r the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment fo z1almqayq40 (r many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being consumefez;2 px:no7inryq) 1 d by herbivorous animalsp;yx2q 7iz 1onr)f:ne .