1. Which of the following could be part of the descr4n/mkji8m82 tn8paoz (7 d madiption of a forest habitat on a moz 7/n8dni4ja(m at82 8mdpokm untain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef formation ijeqbmp;zyc 3jlbm4e m;-* a8(n an ocean;8mj-q jelc mb (a4 *m3zebp;y?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correctw-w*0x nwryg rmg8,0 d feature of a tundra biome but not for a ta-rw w*n0w ,dygxr08mgiga biome?

  4. What is the best description ozfu -0 1qi7mv9sgu)r,-hyf6wkscz4 of the limits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal density4ihhle3x4j 5i

(c) Leaves at the top of tall stemi,i:deu 0edx. , pgd9es.

(a) List the two abioc2kit:-dw (1 yf uva5ptic factors that are the determinants of the type of terrestrial bio:f2t1p w yacd(i -u5vkme.

(b) Suggest one example of an ar:mmh1 c *qd*zdea occupied by one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reasz m cdqm:1d*h*on why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is vcudrwc,p+vd 85 .z;x responsible for the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to rc+ dz v cdpu,85.w;xvthe sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being consumed bm rq3i69p7 xony herbivorous animals.r 6mixn3q9o7 p