1. Which of the following could be part of the description of a fzx:q hd(/qf0b)s ix/9 uh kq9w 3yg)ddorest habitat on a d:ufdwxsh ) qxq /99kq)yg(0dz3/ bhimountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef formation in p1gnd93/,sskr:k rf san ocg:3sk 1 rsnf,dk/9rspean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature u 40. qrluam. dr8sra4of a tundra biome but not for a tair0asu4r4l. 8m.rauqdga biome?

  4. What is the best desesp,wdkv ff,xsr9 5v g8 aw2,/g,c 6vdcription of the limits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal density5-: ebu4l; xgnr iembxg(w5m6

(c) Leaves at the top of tall sq r g9b. pmlp4/ui+gd,tems.

(a) List the two abioti d1y* ubwidib3m.y2( kc factors that are the determinants of the type of terrestrialb3dk.dm1*yiybi( u w2 biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these biomes that may change r9n(5vzy+2qdzis 3) pqctj 0,dita,o due to global warming. Suggesa z dr0pdotisq2+t3nq),,iyc 5(zj 9vt a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the protected areas of z0d )gtni9uk:wb3 slr2..jl k a beach k.k:z0drlt 3w92. nb gsj)liu on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways m3v qc,js ;o;tjz5 vogy5d4,v in which plants avoid being consumed by herbivorous animals.s;d,ytv;zg5,cj 3 oq5 vov4mj