State which of the following is not an oz,eot*jvob0es 1qz4 8 hone-depleting substance (ODS).

  State which factor has o vzot3 pi8habko3 (/ )nxaj..7v.ersnot caused a mass extinction in the past.

  Identify which of the following is not true about stratospheri. oq ak7jamv9p 7v8t3lc ozone.

  Determine which of the following greenhouse gases is ctaj29fqv3 y5iy dsi0y-(r +b horrectly paired with its sas5hjqyi3( +ft viy2r-9b y0 dource.

  State which is not true regarding greenhouse gaseya h /c+2dbzu4txyf/8 s.

  List the main greenhs , 1:;yqjk2l xgduvz*ouse gases.

  Figure: Variations in ozone hole area since 19szj+.ye m 2ov)79


Describe the trends seen in the graph
I.
The mean and maximum ozone hole area start to increase from 1979.
II.
The mean ozone hole area reached a maximum somewhere between 2000 and 2010.
III.
There is a downward trend from 2015 to the present for the mean ozone hole area.
.

  Figure: Variations in ozone hole area since 19f +- ykg,nyko pbs2j: / sshy*l65b+*ehtkz0w79


Deduce why is there a downward trend in the area of the ozone hole in recent years.

  Outline how the depletion of stratospheric ozone can impact w3m;xc4 j -f :qll uyqvx5f7c6living systems.

  Determine to which level of pollution management strategy e k 3d7*d5*rzosxh0aroach of the below stra0z7or*s*o d5r hakx d3tegies belongs.
I.
Passing legislation that regulates the amount of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) that are released into the environment.
II.
Developing technologies that will allow for the elimination of ODS from the ozone layer.
III.
Passing legislation that prohibits the use of ODS and requires the use of their alternatives.

  Describe ozone-depleting substa nz3sh0e iz9u5nces (ODS) and their effects.
I.
Ozone-depleting substances include halogenated gases like CFCs, used as propellants in aerosols and coolants for refrigerators.
II.
The ODS reach the stratosphere and release the halogens they carry. This disrupts the normal equilibrium of ozone formation and destruction, causing a decline in ozone.
III.
The stratosphere can no longer absorb enough of the UV radiation, causing the rays to reach the surface of the Earth, harming the organisms, causing eye problems and skin cancer.

  Identify the most successful action in combatting the decreas7mb 83a z7jnvy j o/bers1;8zre in the concentration of stratospheric ozone.1zomy zvbrjj b7n8 /8;rs3e 7a

  Depletion of stratospheric ozone has affected yx5px:g lx:kt*z+ gx- life on Earth in many ways.
Identify which of the following is not the result of depletion of stratospheric ozone.

  Figure: ODS Emissions from 1961 to 2014 c4ne .d/skec +pk2+xw


Outline whether the Montreal Protocol has been successful in achieving its aims.

  Figure: Ozone concentration at diffesz m2zt: ml( u8qyt-5 q32jfejrent altitudes


Identify the option that does not correctly describe stratospheric and tropospheric ozone.

  Figure: Stratospheric ozone concentration from 1960 vttwkktg smt/, mah 9a ten )0y/x c43k7f9)x)to 2100

Explain the reason behind the delayed effect in ozone reformation seen in the Figure, considering that the Montreal Protocol took effect in 1989.