Define total fertilitp- j70+ jtbqas)ad ce g-ay6h;y rate (TFR).

  Outline the change which is most likely to cause a popu-tr (vz q(yybtz5 (*e+hm;ocblation to move from stage 1 to stage 2 of the demographic tra(*hc(zob t +5y-brtmz e;qy (vnsition model.

  Figure: Population staw9k;v t-ck3-6cwmd;ipyqv * v0 9mxg dtistics for countries R and V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 - poo53ls0gc cl1vpulation 20,570,000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55%8 el6 y01guzrc of the human population lived in cities. This percentage is expected to 1 yczg ru068legrow to 68% by 2050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil Degi 3z+9dj o;uvyradation

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file on hu2p a14csxm7ytgl r 6owa/s r5.man population

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child deathw/ pr8* dh*d8 zux5(* lh :vvy0bznvlrs in selected countries 1951 to 2021

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countries 1951 thc ym .t jd*5st;w(.jwo 2021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate and the crude death rate are influen j3iua; b65,ho kc9wwzced by a range of factors.5kzj3 ,hww;a6cbio9u

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the following is not part of the theories of both Malt0eg+qm/d fmaj)1, rfu, ky8py hus and Bos0,p+ kmfqm) yrea,f 1g/ud8j yerup.

  State which of the following is an example of a cultural factor influencing4a5 q:1v xdpkh/t1q;z dcbph9 population hdhzbp1a ; xp4/q:vckqd5t91 growth.

  Figure: Population pyramid grap-se:oo ,0bi )kjs- fixh for Eswatini (2017)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.