Define total fertility rate (TFR).+2 iszd p2 3n.45bc:gtsflcuz

  Outline the change which is most likely k+kk6 qmv-*gtt63cp6 a; fuyp to cause a population to move from stage 1 to stage 2 +6 ;tt qpfm3 au-k k6vyck6g*pof the demographic transition model.

  Figure: Population statistics for countriesq+0371 mumpukq ,lqst;2 ec ze R and V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 - population 20,570,o6-fcy9h zge 4000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55% of the human population lived i 7p2v7d m,zvddn cities. This percentage is expected to growm,d7pdvvdz 72 to 68% by 2050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil 4z+gij oj; l95ud: xq*j: .yemi5uih9lwf, lfDegradation

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file on human populatio;m,0jev y*ytrlwq7 eyt11x/ w n

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countriezevo5 8t-;y hyx,cu+hs 1951 to 2021

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in se64xx3lno ogkq-29 ozq e zio+, 6sj3jylected countries 1951 to 2021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate and the crude death rate are influencnirzu ntoo4h7p e 83- h; xh)h+pn)h.eed by a range of factors. +4xnhz7phen -.e orh )u3iht)nh;o8p

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the following is not part of the theories of both Malthus anjm3fps.ffrm,7w y *j+jmm+v3d mj+fw3mr+jm.7mf,j f* py3s vBoserup.

  State which of the followifwtr urwbn5 1p8b xhw20+zx 2*ng is an example of a cultural factor influencing population grorxt 2 urwx1w2fh*0+w8b5b zpn wth.

  Figure: Population pzvb,96,ngz jx( xa oe/yramid graph for Eswatini (2017)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.