The three common phases of matter ar-/ tckr2z rn-nkiy9/ oe

  Density is

  Substance A has a den-aqu4d mn+:p4uzmlj3(p341j y bigucsity of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following uc7z,gagj np,m0 84 oeih/,f n2hfow/is not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same 4tospcq.+ .7jpi 6fuv area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the gre6v+t spcoq.fj.p47iu atest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tire called?v yh 2:6vpn qej36y45lgwh 2l6eget-gyc x 9l*

  When atmospheric pressure changesivea89y;r l783 ts5 .wtpy pc x2lgfm1, what happens to the absolute pressure at the .a9 5mvy3l2t;erlwgp1fcs8ypt i x8 7 bottom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a p0sv xu)5m2ni/c3a; n*aw sia6 qxj7dy ool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolutwj/70niu)asn aqx;2vs6*id xy35 c mae pressure on you?

State Pascal's principzyo8: iy2j c9fle.

State Archimedes' principa m)--e v+ gj vp6,mpv:gvvi2ele.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of consn48n(3m r3w+q metnfqmj *,mntant density, what happens to the buoyant forc8m+j*(eq4 nm qmwr33, fmntnne on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fr63sf14 2xesui;f3a lve7 5/dwwb uin cesh water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boatfeeb ;5iu6 sw as/luc23wiv1 7 34dnxf?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh wateb 7 fwli ds3d)10qm0ter. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared7imdstd1bw )3 fel0q0 to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercu thz xtgku(/r.mel*5 2o7vk;g ry. Where is the buoyant v(zkg torhmule /7k.;2* g5xt force on the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg p-wq )t0vnn/k9m .v.k 8maubtcfeo:7ziece of c/ta.k9nv)b .ewon-0m f 7mq8v:kzut lead. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bathtub. Izc*:eijd14c)b,y g qeyog ,)ef the iron is removed from the wood, what happens to the water levelq ze,goyjgc1b)d , *c:) ee4iy in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wooewnc)1n.gtu20dlw7,ma v kv+d sits on top of the first piece,.na 01uen ,c2dlv)gwk+ wtv7m and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at pointp6co*evhru djk x,25 a6g(jc ,t(tk)9qr6au r B is larger than at point A. Whrk6t) oc*he ,agp 6 u9axtr5(v,qujkrcj2(d6ere is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pi3dl*ansd1 i/ ype widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider secla1 d*d /yis3ntion?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pi zym;(: fiktq1pe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow speed in ;ki( q:1mfzyt the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principc+ 1rbo3 5j6k3dlhpynle.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of conse-rs ;*/jc2oyosl p2zervation of energy in fluids2 zp/sc *el-ojyr;2o s?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the p bv)hax 3h)i,rressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is lod3qkc.5fw i1 arger than at point A. Where is the water prci3.fk w5d1q oessure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper sh qsyz35c17 ydtrip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The force of air re/ ajrw 2r:d,.2t fn+dynif .)nlg +kpfsist n.rfnrw/j:p+ tfnlf. ikddy2a 2)+,gance on him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, bu5hx/+j qv es2(u,mto oc yhd3091qx are released simultaneously from a tall tower. Which will reach the gr0yh,to(c1o25jxmb sq ehq 9xu3/v+u dound first?

  When a small spherical rock of raah30ysg 0ut 6e*:wxra dius r falls through water, it experiences a drag forca3eu0 6*0 y w:xsratghe $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? T os7ll7 9 w ia5/3acrb4dax8xzhat is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which9o darb37w8 c4xla5 isza7l/x would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice tde30xg0urxtwhkjjt8z 5 d;4,he diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the fd0;gt t 830rxkuhj5jx4z, dwelow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as lox14cq j,o 2ocx+d1qegng as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A? od+2,ce1j4oq 1qxxcg

  When soup gets cold, it oftek/j+cwy / .f;b+yn- tkqi5f)rkz n4 yvn tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily ex4vyfn+qci;-+ /.k)rn5y bk jywkt/zfplained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to in(3 gs.jf )k y8 t-q/lfqcnngpli2* .a height h. If the diameter were half as gref lk 3 8gy./(qqs. 2l *nc-tp)gnnjfiiat, how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight t.6i we6zv 9/ikgzx7 cqhat they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Waterk6v/zi.96ci x 7wgeq z bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bu (b-8 lkg d u1o6 vodwetx.txbufyo;4-u,so;-g, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breu6v4tbx1-ks-buo(8o olx ft,oe;g ud- wd.y;aking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.d fwg zvdw/3(dfet):20 g. What is3dd/gdv fe ftw:z(w)2 its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity kyy-s 6srpb1 5pejv2()ac z-e of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures*d 9to8d*j w*ty+hhm j 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizo*8hh t9+tjw omj* *dydntal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes 3;ogli6cdcrfbn / n1-. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submar(wus ;st6 5jqyp g40/xhq +b1vyrn2jiine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in1x/i0br ns jv6 5styh q2;uqw( g4+ypj the ocean?

  A circular window of 30i6c f5) n(:jx *eizcnu cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximum force ofxzn:*u 6i(n5fcij ce) $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressure is 300 kPa:ce0 z(r7vi+bgo i8nd?

  What is the gauge pred eq: w 15prw7dpny*2gssure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of s7npdrwd1eg* :w2 pq5 yeawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 n af/l .qz16fdm below the surface of sea? (The denffqnl. 16/az dsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The sma j fhh9a2do-w.ll pistonh.oa wf 9j2-dh has area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small pistoiyb+ eab7c4;cy lj./f n has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be/l+ c.;yb f cy4bejia7 applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What m* -gllege50a i4spglbz-v7x2j)0 ynnm mu ,: force needs to be applied t2:pgulinl amvjmsy*xb)47g e,n-e lz 5 m g-00o a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic .wib d;yac714g6s ay clift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 d1bycis6aa 4c wy.g7; N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N ino1zps7(lss x/:phg41w1nk e h water. What is the buoyant force olhsnx e1 1w 1psz 4:(oh7kgps/f the water?

  An object has a volume ofj*gn. przqqn5(o1p+s $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by *7qr .- lzb wuidioa3c51aj,da string while submerged in water. What is thdrli75*cw b -dz .1ujoa,3iaqe tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold ;bcp.n-r6qt wis $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine (density =f:kn2 a . povn+effb41jda *2wh6tw e0 $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is iimfso (gac,5/hed6:l cp 2h z,mmersed in water. What is the specific gravity of the objhca f (/zcl, omh i2sg,5ed:p6ect?

  A container of water is placed onqj 42 hmy3hhai4:8or:t qp8oj a scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (speciapt: iy2m4h j q8qr3o4 hj:h8ofic gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and densitywg*ucm wawmo5x ( ,70t of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely f 6qe 85:k h3bwi x wo+db51obpb-s+ffploat in water. What is its mapqd sow bp6f-eof+x k5 8hw+b51ib:b3ss?

  A rectangular box of negligib)lnz rfr2k4 n3le mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How 4nk ) l3rf2nzrmany kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath tkmrs7n/)ntb c4 l,y1.etjc z3 he surface of the water. The weight of the displas)znl/bc14 mctrk 37e tjn. ,yced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its vol8q pt-ehwo54g ume beneath the surface. What is the object's dp845qh gew -toensity?

  A 200-N object floats with thqd8 abn 6mp n9t2)+( vbh.chluree-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force on t698.cba2pqbnul + vm()hh d tnhe object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 1o hkjls s6gd+5 kv:0sc7zn st6 3no8y900 cm thick. What is the minimum area osndy7sg3zjn5clst09vo8 :okh+s k6 6f the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the3l wkt*.b *sub flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There isicrfdz/5l t:/ a 2.0 cm diameter restrictioircd lt 5/z:/fn in the line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/ ,ldw57 6pvfcg p)ozf(wlus( -s in a horizontal pipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fogzuyz.b tx32dicayo q +k7h l1o+:g 0+untain with 300 kPa, ifhgzy0+lo2xyck+:+ 1 giaqtdboz u.3 7 the fountain is 30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storagef 6t ij4duvg0d br w3h-o1c/n- tank that holds water at a depth4n0/3d -ogt- wbfujd crvh6 i1 of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of c.fhn)p(+ ;f n,vkmjzh ross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a visco; l -empwbz4j hg**f7lsity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long a4mbw*l;gz 7 -jflp*he nd 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the builmrv:fj 3m2ia8 d-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to mamvfm2 38:ir jaintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has7 z61*gujspyt twice the diameter of tube B. If water sg p6jz7u*t1yrises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of wa tn tda.a)g(9eter is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in a capillary tube of(at.d n teg)a9 diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass cane;avb)oqffy74m(4 i6p v;br pillary tube with a diameter offv4 r evb()p;mf6ab7 n4q ;yoi
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertic e o8tcu x5kgm xx4 f:r*87e3;+siiipeally in a pan of water, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the l g m exfpi43u ir8xetki:5c;*+oe s8x7evel of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m xtabs w+.: cdl; 9jf9v:fm(a(o a9 lajand width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, fjs;faamo(cw t:xj 99 (d9+b:allv a. how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width r dxld 0s.s*-6oi-zd 7q*gdwz5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film co0d d- *.sr*ozqwd di-x6z7 glsntained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?