Why is the depth of field greater, and the imus:mpquh/ ok*3k8* sdage sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a ho3 /kqu8 d**ksmp su:larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth of f(4; feayk qrhj3 pai96ield is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-numifk3h 6(q ayp;jr 94aeber.

Why must a camera lend, kh) 7xuvux2v)g1z wvh914fan3bi ys be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer object )vab h7dgf91n2vyzvxk1xw,4u) 3h iu ?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons an-rlw fot t5efvw,b :qw.y/w-6d not generally by younger peotv :5-wq/,w-flb tywr6o e.fw ple?

  Will a nearsighted person wh(yxz)x):ttcvl, qpqcw):owq v .6o5do wears corrective lenses in her glasses be able to se ) )oc)xo tz5cy6d,.q:vwvwlpqt:(x qe clearly underwater when wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted by lookin )7ksj88ydv 7ludj6rqg at the width of the face through their glasses. If the personkvsqjy8)8 7l rd6du7j ’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people5py,mch9znbgb r)4 olycn. .8 will sometimes squint. Why does this helpc9. y 5n loh,z48mbg.bprnyc)?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye uprigh5q905 ybp*xlx .f/jmq d/pqhot or inverted? Discuss the implications of this for pqd5*f/jphqq / 5b .9lmxoyx0our perception of objects.

The human eye is much likep/witg c112c x a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. E/xc1gi1c p t2wxplain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is alu /uhw 9+6ul+snhyj ,yrx, gz3so a converging lens. Ar 9rhzhu ,/ 6, +wunxguly3sy+je reading glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce imad*n64jmxl -am,i9;5 hkaf rvv ges that are colored at the ev,;f 5nm9vxka al4r jhd6-i m*dges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays aq . 00ebj.a6eri0p)a u1ta8x7hwejl zre bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex 8z0r i ah001ep eb67 uqj wajxet).a.llens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are notv(*sfg29 7cwl 9j1 suqz9sl bm present (or are greatly reduced) in the human e sgs219(9lscufw l jm7 9qv*bzye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin lenses brhcxilh u/.bo6su4;mmvk; /(fr+je2z*p :oe ut not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution,7uy(fxtkpqb7 5 :nv* r other things being equal, if you use blue lut*5 f:yxk7 (v 7bqpnright ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large reflecting mirrors in astronoml my ul):1dyxbkl(+ *iical telescopedbx*1lu +(mlkyi: l) ys.

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution in a m n m3 je0y,gh.q,:cfrlicroscope? Explain:.fe,rj g,3 0mlqhnc y.

  Atoms have diameters of abo8vf/ 4ln/9ecpw hisda3qpe( (ut $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-:o3 c5vwjs bn(stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lensq57kq m q6 dottszngkqtya80/9.*mq ( has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera setting of 3yqs7s2 ( d-mo t2wqs;yg wq6f$\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is to:6 w*qdicc)+ mir j,/t,cjowaken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it ywubw1 ,huukz4-ai* 4is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distance-41uuayhk zbu ,w4i*ws can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a distancon 26q 0);ecqnubt9d *r; rgage of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the irugcg r;a;o)qq6 be2 d0ntn* 9mage is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a len. yesi -/ts7f5ift.sas. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objectsyifse5t-ss f ita7. ./ 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposuc 9h1ke/ , ojfn*mx,; .ozm 5gbri,fltre is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 2.0 tl,g8, 2i; h fudfykm5$cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in E;qk 8agids9g6xample 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the f8 aqk;gs6ig9 dar point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed 0qtai zuw117bfor a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point ofug2)8 tvg48tfvv -cr, 7xibsz 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arqn8 pu 4x;uzxm,9nd93ttb7am m’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by vxgbktk3 u,a b.4- 2tea $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only ue fn3p9-nzr2 msx2z8if they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer isi3x7qj9t y,pf the nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighte 38ea ,q7sylahd person’s eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens vj/w3g 0 6e;x+fblw unsystem when viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far points fi2(r/gm k;ns of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eye if its f;hrb56nt0vtw a0 nru:ocal length is 12nb0w;t :6tauhv5 n0 rr $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length ihxe)-3bs8 heg 5)cg 2.qd1y4 ujrcfrof a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated 5ho:qtg* h;2( /twuyq rtphw8at $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using a 9.0, ) i4/jkz.*igms6( qkxnzjeg0-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is vqckcilz)2xnao(2 m5.c r 4 -qviewed with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is plan 2 l7u;tj-xhnced 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal length0 r9p+v tmph(6n az)jz of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is eau 5*n7)iu/ und8rwerated at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescope whose objecv5:v ll. j i3danp*,vitive lens has a focal length of .ndv *3l5vj a ,:lipvi76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescop:bf6j rf;cz.n:dyvbgea9d3 1 2*v vmb e is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objective zwm (+(tx8k:v e2v sdcwith focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenses sprdr;5 c z:no6omv 13zqaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye is -jgv)ho e 9cm ms/z5t132.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope usinth 3h4d6ja bvye+t0 m8 ,dgat6g a reflecting mirror whdhvjyh6, 6 e+ab4a8 t0gtm3d tose radius of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appe-(.,hna 0(f/w hqtfe3rfpifv ars to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3.0 m fore8+b 4litvzv : its objective mirror and ati bv+vezl: 84 radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a ifub)lv1ouh y811 uhnu96im)focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.0 bl1uepf9e;bb4re2q* $times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8-y3sjy7dpb*tii8+f a ;$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final image is lh(c u-zsa: ;z5z j-n.p0yvb iiocated 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has apz(arv (/,v qa /p(0j.b pdhou focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two a przgjw* 8n 0jsct/q(s+wh1 ,very thin lenses, placed in contact, that have focal lengths cta*8,g+s 1(q0wjwr/ nsz hpjof $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a d)4ag z+1rlerp8 r;mu)-swwn particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index o rl)-z r8s1wa)rw ud4epm+n; gf refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by/wnd(.dts;:mei/ m2m n5e gzx diffraction for the 100-in. (254-/2:e/s dn.mnmt(gwxz;e di5m$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that cvx v-+bxio+f xx m-2 n(7 grcr36raw6jan resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm campg mv0-90 gyweera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely a w) +a.lsoj*sresolved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a huht8b 4h:f7qt fman eye distinguish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated b adp7omop( 8o:y about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying )rglcz1 sj 3e.in planes, are spaced sr je.zlc)g13 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed 0: 5p/c uii+bfmihkeqhdz /i+ )a a.b;9fta+jat an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when thd ah/ibapf+e+ mbc;tj ) h.0:z af9kqi+ 5/uiie X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction fz vp.2z6xt(r is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray be,:mfp3v6ubwaml: +au *f4pk l am consists of parallel rays. What wouldpfp+awa3l4,mfk *u: m 6 ublv: be the magnification of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward u;qi i*ch63 lkmidday, and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted that iiq3*cu h;kl6, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far )xl4 7/yy /yyzj bx (z d-g(lhcf(8cqyaway (assume infinity), the magnification of a camera lens is propoj-q4bx/ )h/(cy7 cyd(yfly(8zgyz lxrtional to its focal length.

  For a camera equipped with a 50q8 -xljtd flq: /iym(c1)bi.b-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly w k:eu0ik qb2*qith her right eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near p19ok 6lz ftu/y p5wqf+oint of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifyir05sjhr 3p 5ewng power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountaih2vx/1d)jiy yns tries to make a telescope using the lenses from his reading glasses. T yd/xv)h2y ji1hey have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man use;bb+d/fo hq tu-j73 gh5jdul;s $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudhbv9d.8 -bedv3sry a4mgkpdnc p6 5) :es (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposups , noo500lmffs 9yl-re times must be increased because of the increasel0 fp 9-5oyf0nm ,sslod distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a tele enh7qck(,uhh18 2upj scope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, wit d nsf5* xgr*rd*xue-//hkmw. h an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 55ru*k ne./dxh** /-smwdf r5 gx0 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one fyow2is nx e2ws/amdm.02y 7 ,with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope hasuov,m b ux t(84:m/bxfm5*1kd+ugdbe a magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellpfvzi /*,q7 deite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve poinpfi q,dv/z* e7ts separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. B2 ir96so2n nv)ct5 lskelow) has one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm