You are in a windowless car in an exceptionally szcdapz1 3* ku2mooth train moving at constant velocity. Is there any physical experiment you can do in the train car to determine whether you arp 3*k2 zza1duce moving? Explain. ----待选择----yesno 

You might have had the eeb*yq3 yyp8a: xperience of being at a red light when, out of the corner of your eye, you see the car beside you creep forward. Instinctively you stomp on the brake pedal, thinking that you are rolling backward. What does this say about absolute and relative motyq : 3*ya8bypeion?

A worker stands on top of a moving railroad car, and throws a heavy ball st, ,u-4ptdzuw/ blaan/raight up (from his point of view). Ignoring air resistance, will the ball land on the car or behin ,n-/a lzp tbwa4uud/,d it?

Does the Earth really go around the Sun? Or is it also valid to say that th j8+xv -ne44zgeq;u uge Sun goes around the Earth? Discuss in view of the first principle of relativity (that there is no best reference frame). Explg8ezx+ q-ue uj ;n4vg4ain.

If you were on a spaceship traveling at 0.5c away from a star, at wha/j*7.*mymlj )5z zhyk ,mjfnit speed would thnjmjl)h* z/5y7 m i,yk. f*jmze starlight pass you?

The time dilation effect is sometimes expressed as0auk w( 1aymr0 “moving clocks run slowly.” Actually, this effect has nothing to do with motion affecting the functioniw0 yu0aar1m(k ng of clocks. What then does it deal with?

Does time dilation mean that tenn lt(z) c1/lime actually passes more slowly in moving reference frames or that i1lnc)/ztl n(e t only seems to pass more slowly?

A young-looking woman astronaut has just arrived home from a long trip. She rueypk 0hw0(5q sshes up 5hq y00 w(sepkto an old gray-haired man and in the ensuing conversation refers to him as her son. How might this be possible?

If you were traveling away from Earthx8vgj z-r 7c2y at speed 0.5c, would you notice a change in your heartbeat? Would your mass, height, or waistline change? What would observers on Earth using telescopes sa jy-87 gzvrxc2y about you?

Do time dilation and lenwkjw1 54szm +tgth contraction occur at ordinary speeds, say $90 \, \text{km/h}$?

Suppose the speed of light were infinite. What would happen to the rel 9zjxh:k h c3b40snqwvuhsl*. im6 y7+ativistic predictions of leng7: y3k4sxnvlubc hi hh 6z0*m w.sqj+9th contraction and time dilation?

Discuss how our everyday lives would be different if the speed of ligb-,jfk b 1xgt.ht were onlyt1 ,kj fxb.b-g $25 \, \text{m/s}$.

Explain how the length contraction and time dilation formulas might be use dm-bk67 nosg-d to indicate that c is the limiting6n sk gm-b-d7o speed in the universe.

The drawing at the sta5.;upon; .u8mkcq6wv mq:at krt of this Chapter shows the street as seen by Mr Tompkins, for whom theuaqm6pockkq; tw.v n5m:.8 ;u speed of light is $c=20 \, \text{mi/h}$. What does Mr Tompkins look like to the people standing on the street? Explain.

  An electron is limitn e cbd+dvmn 5:p 5)uh1yw:,qxed to travel at speeds less than c. Does this put an upper limit on the momentum of an electron? If so, what is this upper limit? If not, expu5x:d1,evc:q dhyb 5nw+mp)n lain. ----待选择----yesno 

  Can a particle of nonzero rest mass attain thc dim0i.jxys c6*t 03bdx a9k4arrb*+ e speed of light? ----待选择----yesno 

  Does the equation $E=mc^2$ conflict with the conservation of energy principle? Explain. ----待选择----yesno 

  If mass is a form of energy, does this mean that a sprinuc+0 d h/k k8efojp/y8s8ru9mg has more mass when compressed than when relax0d u8/f ces 8kpm+ kyou/hjr89ed? ----待选择----yesno 

It is not correct to say that36k1xa muakjye6 y5rgy4a:: c "matter can neither be created nor destroyed." What must35ak1k: 4m6yraxgjy uca6 ye: we say instead?

  Is our intuitive notion that velocities simply add, as we did in Section 3–8, sah ;;ckf0/u fcompletely wr; /ks ah;cu0ffong? ----待选择----yesno 

  A spaceship passes you at a speed of 0.750c. You measure its length to be 28.2 u;dyac2o yospaq yys , 4*4:4t7- rlipm. How long would it a2rcs p4,u*l 4os:y -yi7a4ypy dtqo;be when at rest? $L_0$ =    m

  A certain type of elementary particle travels at a speeq/zus zy**tz(qk22u ed of $2.70 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$. At this speed, the average lifetime is measured to be $4.76 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{s}$. What is the particle's lifetime at rest?
$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^{-6} \, \text{s}$

  Lengths and time intervals ;1on(4n)mo 6z90y3aj dhbmkz hhpr/ddepend on the factor $\beta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}}$ according to the theory of relativity. Evaluate this factor $\beta$ for speeds of:
(a) $v = 20000 \, \text{m/s}$ (typical speed of a satellite); $\beta =$  
(b) $v=0.10c \;\; \beta =$  
(c) $v=0.20c \;\; \beta =$  
(d) $v=0.95c \;\; \beta =$  
(e) $v=0.98c \;\; \beta =$  
(f) $v=0.999c \;\; \beta =$  

  If you were to travel to a star 125 libc-svu)ln14 oght-years from Earth at a speed of $2.50 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$, what would you measure this distance to be? L =    ly

  What is the speed of a pion if its average lifetime is measured t5pz jocq6qh( w9k mw )*f)-gzgo be $4.10 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$? At rest, its average lifetime is $2.60 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$. v =    c

  In an Earth reference fra1 katdd6s z lah;9lb.)4 byzfhlm.w60 5 aem*pme, a star is 82 light-years away. How fast would you have to travel so that to you the d*64l) az.ml ehbb1ats pad zw50h9kmly;. 6f distance would be only 35 light-years? v =    c

  Suppose you decide to travel to a star 85 light-years away at a speex t(+ax;e/ dpyd that tells you the distance is only 25 light-years.d(x xaytp;/ e+ How many years would it take you to make the trip? t =    y

  At what speed $v$ will the length of a 1.00-m stick look 10.0% shorter (90.0 cm)? v =    c

  Escape velocity from the Earth is pbv-ixkjs(6 qzlc 4pkfp ;q88rg(5t 2$11.2 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}$. What would be the percent decrease in length of a 95.2-m-long spacecraft traveling at that speed? L =    $ \times 10^{-8}\%$

  At what speed $v$ do the relativistic formulas for (a) length and (b) time intervals differ from classical values by 1.00%? (This is a reasonable way to estimate when to do relativistic calculations rather than classical.) v =    c

  Suppose a news report stated that starship pv* /n:wj 5gjuEnterprise had just returned from a 5-year voy5upw:jnvgj */ age while traveling at 0.84c.
(a) If the report meant 5.0 years of Earth time, how much time elapsed on the ship? $\Delta t_0$ =    yr
(b) If the report meant 5.0 years of ship time, how much time passed on Earth? $\Delta t$ =    yr

  A certain star is 10.6 light-years away. How long e rc6j(im rp :h(goxws b 8pn3m1+,ax5would it take a spacecraft traveling 0.960c to reach that star from Earth, as measu5h gx+( ra8srn3:6b1m j( empxcp ,iowred by observers:
(a) on Earth, $t_{earth}$ =    yr
(b) on the spacecraft? $\bigtriangleup t_0$ =    yr
(c) What is the distance traveled according to observers on the spacecraft? L =    ly
(d) What will the spacecraft occupants compute their speed to be from the results of (b) and (c)? v =    c

  A friend speeds by you in her "Ferrari" spacecrafal3kji 4 kbjyd01pa+.t at a speed of 0.660c. It is measured in your frame ijd0ka+1ja.4y bk lp3to be 4.80 m long and 1.25 m high.
(a) What will be its length and height at rest?
$L_0$ =    m
the rest height is    m
(b) How many seconds would you say elapsed on your friend's watch when 20.0 s passed on yours? $\bigtriangleup t_0$ =    s
(c) How fast did you appear to be traveling according to your friend?    c
(d) How many seconds would she say elapsed on your watch when she saw 20.0 s pass on hers?   s

  How fast must an average pion be moving to travel 15 m before it decays? Th wpp:(a9 nwq xz9.fpr :k7cvd+e average lifetime, at rest, is k9d+pcnqavpw z .:7(:r fwx9p$2.6 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{s}$. v =    c

  What is the momentum of a proton travele tz:mf/-bw qc.wnkg).u z)vz1xr;g* ing at $v =0.85c$? p =    $ \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  At what speed will an object’s relativistic /tu0 n 4zedtf-z hbm)qv90py 8mass be twice its rest mass? v =    c

  A particle of rest masnoe(k2 e3w99um sk q4r7gv)sms $m_0$ travels at a speed $v =0.20c$. At what speed will its momentum be doubled? v =    c

  (a) A particle travels 7fdci+ 175izw 0wemgmr(.nnt at $v =0.10c$. By what percentage will a calculation of its momentum be wrong if you use the classical formula?    %
(b) Repeat for $v=0.90c$.    %

  What is the percent ch ihwu2;d1b ;6;ecwealbtb zw0(*wc 8c ange in momentum of a proton that accelerates
(a) from 0.45c to 0.90c,    %
(b) from 0.90c to 0.98c?   %

  A certain chemical reaction requiresm . l0vy+insy+h3 pa+qv50tfetilm., $4.82 \times 10^4 \, \text{J}$ of energy input for it to go. What is the increase in mass of the products over the reactants?$\bigtriangleup m$ =    $ \times 10^{-13} \, \text{kg}$

  When a uranium nucleus at rest breg-e+l+tj,m+s ej/ x p4hj o7dmaks apart in the process known as fission in a nuclear reactor, the resulting fragments have a total kinetic+ m,d +ojjsmt4pe-g7 +ehjx /l energy of about 200 MeV. How much mass was lost in the process? $\bigtriangleup m$ =    $ \times 10^{-28} \, \text{kg}$

  Calculate the rest energy of an electroy,m 0nl 6tn6hv pyb:n:n in joules and in $\text{MeV}$ ($1 \, \text{MeV} =1.60 \times 10^{-13} \, \text{J}$).E =    $ \times 10^{-14} \, \text{J} = 0.511 \, \text{MeV}$

  Calculate the rest mass oi*ku82woq+ pg f a proton in $\text{MeV}/c^2$. $m_0$ =    Mev/$c^2$

  The total annual energy consumption in th1.j) oph(0h hxf hmy)ie United States is about $10^{19} \, \text{J}$. How much mass would have to be converted to energy to fuel this need?    kg

  How much energy can be obtained from conversion of 1.0 gram o4h b mpb .8j)he7ifq7vhz2p 6ag;ix-bf mass?    $ \times 10^{13} \, \text{J}$How much mass could this energy raise to a height of 0.25 km above the Earth's surface?   $ \times 10^7 \, \text{kg}$

  What is the speed of a particlpxg c 6lb;yvw5 u8.+tue when its kinetic energy equals its rest energy? v = x .y5ucpwg6;+lvt8ub   c

  At what speed will an object's kinetic energy be 25% of its rest enerr/ tnl*dfh1h59r yqk4gy? v =    c

  (a) How much work is required t op 9dbxf4)1dqo accelerate a proton from rest up to a speed of 0.)p d4q1xbdf o9997c? W =    GeV
(b) What would be the momentum of this proton?p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  Calculate the kinetic energy c/-vj wkrbjk 5gcv tp;(q 5lac:74,wdand momentum of a proton traveling $2.60 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$.
KE =    $ \times 10^{-10} \, \text{J}$
p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  What is the momentum of a 750-MeV proton (that is, its kinetic energy is 750 M3o gk75e*tm85bh2p1xmtm ccz eV)?h tc tzb*co82175kme3 p5mmgx    $\times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  What is the speed of a proton accelerated by a potential differencmo8q f/xe f30se of 105 MV? v = 3/q eofsm0 f8x   c

  What is the speed of an electron whose kinetic energy is 1.00 MeV? v 1,hq5ir;2 lc3my pchirai: r 7=    c

  What is the speed of a/ q*fox8x ccfyjx)s. ti2o ,*en electron just before it hits a television screen after being accelerated from rest by x*.*8 qfeo/cy,2f) xsjc oitxthe 25,000 V of the picture tube? v =    c

Two identical particles of rest jd.mcp pq-;ho a66 9:d+x vmdpmass $m_0$ approach each other at equal and opposite speeds $v$. The collision is completely inelastic and results in a single particle at rest. What is the rest mass of the new particle? How much energy was lost in the collision? How much kinetic energy is lost in this collision?

  Calculate the speed of a p y) g4*tds/jzdroton ($m_0 =1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$) whose kinetic energy is exactly half
(a) its total energy, v =    c
(b) its rest energy.v =    c

  What is the speed and the momentum of an electvh.ztlsbz: n)he. 5w5 ron ($m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) whose kinetic energy equals its rest energy?
v =    c
p =    $ \times 10^{-22} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

  Suppose a spacecraft oopv3zyy ak ,/v8 qy+gft-sg5,f mass 27,000 kg is accelerated to 0.21c.
(a) How much kinetic energy would it have? KE =    $ \times 10^{19} \, \text{J}$

(b) If you used the classical formula for kinetic energy, by what percentage would you be in error?    %

  Calculate the kinetic energy and momentum of a proto)mr:gj3mr .zn 4ujyo i c 7a(23jyj aa1u4o4cbn ($m_0 =1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$) traveling $7.35 \times 10^7 \, \text{m/s}$. By what percentages would your calculations have been in error if you had used classical formulas?
KE =    $ \text{MeV} \, $ with an error of    %
p =    $ \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg·m/s}$ with an error of    %

  The americium nucleus, k+l3w 7us uae+$^{241}\text{Am}$, decays to a neptunium nucleus, $^{237}\text{Np}$, by emitting an alpha particle of mass 4.00260 u and kinetic energy 5.5 MeV. Estimate the mass of the neptunium nucleus, ignoring its recoil, given that the americium mass is 241.05682 u. $m_{Np}$ =    u

  An electron ($m_0 =9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) is accelerated from rest to speed $v$ by a conservative force. In this process, its potential energy decreases by $6.60 \times 10^{-14} \, \text{J}$. Determine the electron's speed $v$. v =    c

Make a graph of the kineti.1( ;8v s.low5.bnczpbobzpw c energy versus momentum for (a) a particle of nonzero rest mass, andppno(l ...zwsbwobcb;8 5z1v (b) a particle with zero rest mass.

  What magnetic field intensity is needed to keep 998-GeV proton(smwyc (0p h24u6tov n9l64b6fnmnqxs revolving in a circle of radius 1.0 km (at, say, the Fermilab synchrotron)? Use the relativistic mass. Twh(vb 4op2nt yqu640s cf6(mln mn69xhe proton's rest mass is $0.938 \, \text{GeV}/c^2$ ($1 \, \text{GeV} =10^9 \, \text{eV}$). [Hint: in relativity, it is still true that $\frac{mv^2}{r}=qvB$ in a magnetic field.] B =    T

  A person on a rocket trz 7gwew4n2 bu:aveling at 0.50c (with respect to the Earth) observes a meteor come from behind and pass her at a speed she measures as 0.50c. How fast is the meteor movinu4w 2enz:w7 bgg with respect to the Earth? u =    c

  Two spaceships leave Earth in opposite directions, each with a speed ofrk*89 s7rgqah u*y 4ks 0.50c with respect to 9q8r*7ahrksy gs*uk 4Earth.
(a) What is the velocity of spaceship 1 relative to spaceship 2? u =    c
(b) What is the velocity of spaceship 2 relative to spaceship 1?u =    c

  A spaceship leaves Earth traveling at 0.71c. A second spaceshin6fq7/at; u2f:fih yl eua,o 7p leaves the first at a speed of 0.87c with respect to the first. Calculate the speed of the second ship with respect to /lq 72f 7 tf6aenhofay,:u;iuEarth if it is fired
(a) in the same direction the first spaceship is already moving, u =    c
(b) directly backward toward Earth.u =    c

  An observer on Earth +kby 3gw 7gkj4sees an alien vessel approach at a speed of 0.60c. The Enterprise comes to the rescue (Fig. Below), overtaking the aliens while moving directly toward Earth at a speed of 0.90c relative to Earth. What is the relative speed of one vesse4ky7 gkgbw+j3l as seen by the other? u =    c

  A spaceship in distress sends out two escape pods in opposgkf .aqr0 1sa2ite directions. One travels at0f. gs1rq aka2 a speed $v_1 =-0.60c$ in one direction, and the other travels at a speed $v_2 =+0.70c$ in the other direction, as observed from the spaceship. What speed does the first escape pod measure for the second escape pod? u =    c

  Rocket A passes Earth at a speed of 0.75c. At the same t kogud3h .y-6kime, rocket B passes Earth moving 0.95c relative to Earth in the same direction. How fast is B moving relative k d h36uk-gyo.to A when it passes A? u' =    c

  The nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri, 4.3 light-years a:-soz+ h m6jso;5oe) nlr:p 2x 5czvagway.
(a) At what constant velocity must a spacecraft travel from Earth if it is to reach the star in 4.0 years, as measured by travelers on the spacecraft?    c
(b) How long does the trip take according to Earth observers?$t_{Earth}$ =    yr

  As a rule of thumb, anything traveling faster than a; cei 8/jjvh8ibout 0.1c is called relativistic - i.e., for which the correction using special relative/jh jc8v;8i iity is a significant effect. Determine the speed of an electron in a hydrogen atom ($v \approx 2.2 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s}$) and state if it is relativistic. (Treat the electron as though it were in a circular orbit around the proton.) ----待选择----relativistic not relativistic 

  (a) What is the speedy;d4 hx grd*.b7i12lz ii p1zo $v$ of an electron whose kinetic energy is 14,000 times its rest energy? You can state the difference $c - v$. Such speeds are reached in the Stanford Linear Accelerator, SLAC.    m/s less than c
(b) If the electrons travel in the lab through a tube 3.0 km long (as at SLAC), how long is this tube in the electrons' reference frame? [Hint: use the binomial expansion.]L =    cm

  How many grams of matter would have to be totally desf)+b,t2y bhwo fw/1d gtroyed to run a 100-W lightbulb for 1 year?b)b ohygf /12,+fwwdt $m_0$ =    $ \times 10^{-8} \, \text{kg}$

  What minimum amount of electromagnetic energy is needed to produce an elefazx:xmx **4( fqw/pl :xhe ru22d ,kgctron and a positron together? A positron is a particle with the same rest mass as an electron, but has the opposite charge. (Note that electric charge is conserved in th (z fhlmg,2x2xwda ku:/erpxf xq4:* *is process.) E =    MeV

  An electron ($m=9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$) enters a uniform magnetic field $B=1.8 \, \text{T}$, and moves perpendicular to the field lines with a speed $v=2.5 \times 10^7 \, \text{m/s}$. What is the radius of curvature of its path? r =    mm

  A negative muon traveling at 33% the speed of light collides hea+,1dxrc:e zeld on with a positive muon traveling at 50% the speed of lig ecx1+ld ,e:rzht. The two muons (each of rest mass $m_\mu = 105.7 \, \text{MeV}/c^2$) annihilate, and produce how much electromagnetic energy?E =    MeV

  A free neutron can decay pl, o . ya)ggxgpu9,cy-cvfqx80( pd/into a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. Assume the neutrino's rest mass is zero, and the other masses can be found in the Table inside the f. py- ox xv9yd,apg ,g(8cup/l 0gcfq)ront cover. Determine the total kinetic energy shared among the three particles when a neutron decays at rest. KE =    MeV

  The Sun radiates energy at a rate of aboulj9*n 7abpkt, - )wgjtt $4 \times 10^{26} \, \text{W}$.
(a) At what rate is the Sun's mass decreasing?$\frac{\Delta m}{\Delta t}$ =    $ \times 10^9 \, \text{kg/s}$
(b) How long does it take for the Sun to lose a mass equal to that of Earth?$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^{15} \, \text{s}$
(c) Estimate how long the Sun could last if it radiated constantly at this rate.$\Delta t$ =    $ \times 10^9 \, \text{yr}$

  An unknown particle is measua,g/ 0-pma qj8; jl8qfcd x)nlred to have a negative charge and a speed of $2.24 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$. Its momentum is determined to be $1.07 \times 10^{-22} \, \text{kg·m/s}$. Identify the particle by finding its rest mass.
 ----待选择----electronpositron 

  How much energy would be required tanmu 1on)n2l,o break a helium nucleus into its constituents, two protons and two neutrons? The rest masses of a proton (including an electron), a neutron, and helium are, respectively, 1.00783 u, 1.00867 u, and 4.00260 u. (This ennl un2n ma1,o)ergy difference is called the total binding energy of the $^4\text{He}$ nucleus.) KE =    MeV

  What is the percentage increase in the (relativistic) mass of a car trak 3dmoq(voeg si 3n+)6veling 110 km/h as compared to at rest? [Hint: use the binomial ex 3imqo 3gd( )noks6ve+pansion.]$\frac{\left(m-m_0\right)}{m_0}$ =    $\times 10^{-11}\%$

  Two protons, each having a speed of 0.935c in the laboratory,0; 7.oha;tupvdtzu2 ettq)o d,:.irj are moving toward each other. .2 t :tdooq; et;ua7i0rtjhz ) udpv.,Determine
(a) the momentum of each proton in the laboratory, u =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$
(b) the total momentum of the two protons in the laboratory,   
(c) the momentum of one proton as seen by the other proton.p =    $ \times 10^{-18} \, \text{kg·m/s}$

Show analytically that a particle with mgmkdh/l :s ,8v mb/a;domentum $p$ and energy $E$ has a speed given by $v = \frac{pc^2}{E}$.

  The fictional starship Enterprise obtains its pow7bf06 n5pvdgwer by combining matter and antimatter, achieving complete conversion of mass into energy. If the mass of the Enterprised bwng6vp75f 0 is approximately $5 \times 10^9 \, \text{kg}$, how much mass must be converted into kinetic energy to accelerate it from rest to one-tenth the speed of light?    $\times 10^7 \, \text{kg}$

  An electron is accelerated so that itsf+8kzor d/1g 4pa.,0yz rsylz kinetic energy is greater than its rest ma,a .rkpyo+ s41/gdz lrz0zy 8fss $m_0c^2$ by a factor of
(a) 5.00, v =    c
(b) 999. What is the speed of the electron in each case?v =(1 -    $ \times 10^{-7}c$)

  A farm boy studying physics believes that he can fit a 7ia x5l4/mkltf; cy5q 15.0-m-long pole into a 12.0-m-long barn if hyal/t74c qim5; kx 5lfe runs fast enough (carrying the pole). Can he do it? Explain in detail. How does this fit with the idea that when he is running the barn looks even shorter to him than 12.0 m? ----待选择----possiblenot possible 

  When two moles of hydrogen and ou-qgjvykk 23:k -go7 rls1 aj6ne mole of oxygen react to form two moles of water, the energy released is 484 kJ. How much does the mass of the elemeny6s-uko l-g vk7j3gjk:rq1a2ts decrease in this reaction?
$\Delta m$ =    $\times 10^{-12} \, \text{kg}$
What % of the total original mass of the system does this mass change represent?    $ \times 10^{-8}\%$

  In a nuclear reaction two identical particlerhqs:j(iz5e7 ih i g-)s are created, traveling in opposite directions. If the speed of each pa ie(g5is7qrh j)i-hz:rticle is 0.75c, relative to the laboratory frame of reference, what is one particle's speed relative to the other particle? u =    c

  An astronaut on a spaceship traveling at 0.75c relative t on il6f88vd, f-ldxu5o Earth measures his ship to be 25 m long. On the ship, he eatsuvl-d6x,5f8in8 lo fd his lunch in 23 min.
(a) What length is the spaceship according to observers on Earth? L =    m
(b) How long does the astronaut's lunch take to eat according to observers on Earth? $\Delta t$ =    min

You are traveling in a space1mb yef(9 -2 c1foiawcship at a speed of 0.85c away from Earth. You send a laser beam ( bmi2 efc1fac1 o9w-ytoward the Earth traveling at velocity c relative to you. What do observers on the Earth measure for the speed of the laser beam?

  A spaceship and its occupants have a total mass of 150,000 kg. The odom s/xmna97fa60 q4)gh 2-n p+ehbymccupants would like to travel to a star that is 25 light-years away at a speed of 0.60c. To accelerate, the engine of the spaceship changes mass directly to energy. How much mass will be converted to energy to accelmgh0pbnd+a9m-fq4 ame7o /)6s2nhxyerate the spaceship to this speed?    kg
Assume the acceleration is rapid, so the speed for the entire trip can be taken to be 0.60c, and ignore decrease in total mass for the calculation. How long will the trip take according to the astronauts on board?$\Delta t_0$ =   y

  Suppose a 12,500-kg spac ,vg2i oi y1wrywh*-o1eship left Earth at a speed of 0.99c. What is the spaceship's kinetic energy? Compare with the total U.S.- goyhio vw*12ir ,y1w annual energy consumption (about $10^{19} \, \text{J}$). KE =    $ \times 10^{20} \, \text{J}$

  A 42,000-kg spaceship is to tra* mivb.g / ar97a)bkxafsi0 d3vel to the vicinity of a star 6.0 light-years from Earth. Passengers on the ship want the (one-way) trip to take no more than 1b s rg0vmaxi 9a*ia3k/7fdb )..0 year. How much work must be done on the spaceship to bring it to the speed necessary for this trip? u =    c

  A 1.68-kg mass oscillates ozsph3 bm7s4) qn the end of a spring whose spring stiffness constant i p43bhqm7z)s ss $k=48.7 \, \text{N/m}$. If this system is in a spaceship moving past Earth at 0.900c, what is its period of oscillation according to
(a) observers on the ship, T =    s
(b) observers on Earth? $T_{earth}$ =    s

A pi meson of rest ma(-tuqstx4) ly ss $m_\pi$ decays at rest into a muon (rest mass $m_\mu$) and a neutrino of negligible or zero rest mass. Show that the kinetic energy of the muon is $KE_\mu = \frac{(m_\pi - m_\mu)^2 c^2}{2m_\pi}$.