The process shown on thmqj9 dyz j1(cn6dqm*7+ n*pzt m f9fwfg j6.5we T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there issj p8pv 4 w3dvrkxf9(l 70z.qz no change in

  When the first law of thermodd-w9d)vzq 4s0qjqma7 ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in i2anau2/i8vr qts temperature. This procesi aar 82vu2q/ns is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this prz qc6 p:wm q+igf31rg6ocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for t mc: ifgz+p3rgq61q6whis gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durixvawyimzw( 0 i0hz 4tk.q85 .yng an isothermal process. The final pressure o4wm kw(i.itz0vhy0 x8 5z.ay qf the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. en3a +,)zmev6 b6ij 2*)t/m wnuwchdaDuring this process, 6 J of energy is expendednndiewc*)23a 6ma wh u/),z j+v6embt by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compmucm 62scv;5/nl(xci ressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proccmsx2vn5 l/ u6cim(;cess is

  When the first law of)u3 m.8pueui gq2a6 pp8ha*v .pw: baa thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compres/8d +pqtr8vh zsed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Th8z d/+hvq p8tre final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all re:5fq+zs wt ks4spects except that one contains 4qw: k+tsz5fs $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except thant:: 7kw,v.igatz 3awt one contains :7k, wg.zvt3wiant :a$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV da8h--uy8o ;c3i q1cm.0vkxgy lh dhl t30l -iwiagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is 3tle(kz vajok :r6 gk/1si9f/i*4ql gno change in

  When the first law of tbq :h;r9m e*0 +yjdmw*j/w zcxhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat isba u7b ;60tlvt,n.wvx added to it. This procva,x.7wb 6v0ubltn ;tess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to ajkrc wc7wcz:6c 3g a.em 250ht sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a 2:kzc tmha.c7 5r cj cg036wweresult, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is k;). hdjym+fxe ta3yv97 gg7v

  In an isochoric process, there is no changer k )6.9kocm rh2d2hst in

  When the first law of thermodhhrlt.5 6 3nyrynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container thapqwf9no e, (o +zwy+i9t cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Th,o9w+9 (inyz oepq+ fwis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas4d6 rusoh u6(y:)ftn s at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the g6r y6 :tn(os)hfusdu4as

State the first law of thermn vwt wm1u2.q4odynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat fromn n+f vp;(:wqs.y )7bb)rqi b6j-elcg a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a colrvy2r k5i.n 35tn)dp ad reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.o*on8ymg zsd8 tyq+.c4: m 0in

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mmd 1v0w g+d8bv(pu 72od lrjx4uch work is done by an engine op1dvxdr8gj lwoup bd(+m2v470 erating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defineeg*nxdt v4pq wt)g 0u8ov;h7 4d as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engdqh:7.fdqhb729w zz tine is to be 100%, the heat sink must27z9hdtbqf7:wd q . hz be

  A Carnot cycle consistbfb8g1vh1wqr g ;4s f4s of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyna 9l 0qxd*fv9cqyyr+k 37htvi8trr 2c4mics.

  The coefficient of performuc-5 ztww5n/5ms,e0 z+keii jance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofzw550 /z-wsiiemkej t5,uc+n

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as tw q5vbdyq)manejqi8b -j y)m. 6(3*rhhe ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the waterrz9.y(: vrs.ldpa9uw

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occumdh-::w -knd cr within an isolated system, which one of the choices applidw- -k hmcn::des?

Give a general statement of the sec:l e-a ck2bmr*w.qm+izl x+:pond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads f/wu3viv 0 cjhsryv- yet0634us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rezspyquq 271 ,vmoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal ene,u qys27p vz1qrgy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of ++ cclr,75 p.ckjeg l6zt-wh sheat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the process+ rc wcpcs-hl+,j.g75zl ket6?

  The work done on an ideal gas system i:wzt i:us8wsgas4t 0 ;n an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internaluz:s4:w;t0ga iwst s8 energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticallywspu-g x31;qb gzm9: w0b a04;e elqyn. What is the change in i wz1q; 4nee09q;albb:m3xpg0s y wg-unternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proces)xeilf)j*;g.56 z e 8nzjrxe cs while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in inte )l.je6i 5nxrz)zf* c8jeg;exrnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreaslrh7 ( y1+58)vlq68p )ksb yxqdc bstzes by 50 J. What is the work dq rbycsp(+7 68q1x)d5) kbly8vls h tzone?

  In an isochoric process, the i mrk7zr)x7q2 j9)lgv internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchangqj k grv92z i7mrl)x)7e?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gaswie0 )oltgr g)-0dq,zqf di* 9 is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J o o -g)d0qg i0)*wdierl9qft, zf energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volummmlfla-; lw2q17 xyj )8mon;ye when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How yl7;m1; ymnqf)2wlxl- amj8o many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of -s0finsijw474ybfq qgin e(7f7 1 q:owater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyc.o:k,xj4xr0pl;. dk rbh 5 yntle. What is the effi,r;xkot x.5hl py.r:4nkd j0bciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency *nbnygkj(3 -s of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much wo(g n3-sb*kjny rk does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficid m2mhz)c k-ya.captzi1) t0. ency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhausma-zpdz ic). ht )m1 2k.c0atyt in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcb(. fk, o6abfttz(*sm:f t/q pal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cysm(/ bt o. t:(*pk fq,6tabfzfcle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of he,h6bno7/ge7k 9 fdcdeat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each d/bfd7g ko 6ch e97,encycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built 2lnk8 /c-/gn8avwa kr so far has the following characteristics: combustion cham8 a/ck2 nv gr8wka-n/lber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fja fwdk/3,ttt //8yg7dne :qfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = gqtydn ed/f7 8k/t/:3jt wfa, $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so f 2+jfdea9*addnp98p8sjpa/ uar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber t9dppned2s +a*aa 9ju/8fj8dpemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow- lam5e)fdc1r er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generatek bhjtih9l b/j yd2g*a3:4an ,s 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plan1ojf2wtv z2lx/rt +t 3s k0zok 7kdi0+t uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatei 3 r z,;u5ouu1acdyo6 v jsc4lw3k+d7s between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possibllt-n/0ubg+ey *h b4(sx2n qg 6h mcdj.e for an engine operating between 6*hm4sxu l0be +(dg.y/ h-ntg 2nqc jb$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is thei 2l dtyqucu/,t,r4h2q (u4v7mj nrq, temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatud,lqt n,4,utqc2 / v4 yqrmh(7 2uujirre of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingrfcbn v974)no between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing combq*ljf 5e:cm.partment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required ij lme:fcq*.5 bn each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmwr l udmyol(b6 r*280m3lk .ijent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of *wyblm2.06uoimr8( ldl 3jrkperformance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat(t ogz oi- j ;ufrb4q7p1vwq32 from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is require p;3q f4 oj7g-riuow1z2tqvb(d in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 6 (;gq -x5late/rmfu:m 79fn6 dijyzy 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy i2koq jt6ss /.ys

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and itxv,; *st1g8e*moo hvrpvg)d: s entropy changes 8g* g)ps; *o drve m1xvtv:,hoby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at e2/ ffo),tm kr$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.