The process shown on the T-V graph i((x k3vtvrqj :s an

  In an isothermal process, there is no cha35xngfjy s 28hlj78hcho tu40 nge in

  When the first law of thermoz- )-ev:3zjean fx(xwdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its s glun *;3p4 2sbbk-lztemperaturesll2k u3zg* n-p;4bsb . This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process,clb d9,q m,:z7aza)xs 6.0 J of energy is expended by b9qa7)cz:, zsxdal m,the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumep;/j;*x txkt e during an isothermal process. The fina xkej/ pxt*t;;l pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this pr:hhp - )vsggc)ocess, 6v)g phcsg h:-) J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Dgk2k+q6(i nq+ 5qc (zctj c4qguring the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrouqc4ki q(62z5jc ktcg++n(gqqndings. This process is

  When the first law of tne+ 9 ibm1jwcg7o9 (um zme(:shermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original voz*;(bjf. 5dlojfc. l )c(hbnxlume during an adiabatic process. The finbjxb.ccn(fo)( j5f.h l; d l*zal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conta qrodrws+p2r ef+w83/0; uw1ggqgnr: ins w++fwrw:qe2og rg1gr; 3rnp /q8ds 0u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders ofpfoe1 3 c,pn2e gas identical in all respects except that one contains12e n po3pfce, $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV d uog) x6.jcxoi3 m8cg/) 3jcgaiagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no c k2ee yj5q4iflf0d):j - p:xdphange in

  When the first law of thervwl9 f6xfx8g(e+c( t nmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand atdxj16 ;f;k (s2 jpnrfc constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proces1jr(n;sx fk;2p fd6j cs is

  Ten joules of heat energy arif5h o pjov8vh8kw6yp5a4 t/* e transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy wiyp5 8f8kh/4*jov avth56 opof the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram r:g:n- x1x,gsvke15s kw4 mv0/rkk dpis

  In an isochoric process, there is no changa2r* *e)f;o inl 4ns;)hbrb,jxfc+c k e in

  When the first law of therz zu/v /3it /se5i0ozrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containaywu71 d+)c qber that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. uq7yb )a +1wdc This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are tn9gi*yy/ab tfsw 7;.lransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a ga i9yswl y ;tn./b*f7result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of tp o*ukmu7/a 4phermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from, 4fs6q qp/s-/ohvgxz a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfe)(*frc a8fz b5h-bsc8f g(o66 zrh (mg hknv;tr heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accor(r+1b 6o xops,deyyjs/j n e0*ding to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrm;v fa3pvk/ u lt):-aghepj65ated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cy ak)vmv;f6u 5ap-jlt hp/ 3:gecle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio o 6;z+q55l2dyju6lc0pmrx.xr w d- dhqf

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnx*ek1 7br,rtg .q4wlzy9,hl sot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be9 wk r*,z .yr hl14lg,q7tebsx

  A Carnot cycle consists of.c6t:5qtfcc(2w u *vvsd fat5

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermody0)bqp(l/xqsh.lhb+ u namics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is oe0xbj2 s):ia defined as the ratio of)beo2j0:a six

  The coefficient of pey i+:ura g)cp-rformance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy hte9(u o,:cegof the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process th1,.i i*pt:rub/e2 gf ebyh 1kpxv w7-zat may occur within an isx w1pibiy: 2u-v7tpe /hzf*kg 1e,br. olated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the seco,w m s.(ylu:na1d;gx( ,jetrand law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to 8d8 q.6i;ttljsuwn h/conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is h5bn4y; g p4owq3v+cn removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in interna+h gc4b4np5;noqv wy 3l energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whawn7: w ajdzw9cmz2j+ o8(e hffyr t.0-t is the wd7 8wh9 jz.fty(fjcr+0 zw amw -:e2noork done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J.(vg1qy 5 d+qdv What is the change in internal ene1dd( qv 5yvqg+rgy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Wrz.uwexy8p1o /v(q1j 8 6oh) s bgopc4hat is the change in inteyhzq 1j u x.o wob(ve 8o68/p4sr)gc1prnal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiu0k,ic s ;svx; wd1ll4abatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intul,dw vl;s4k;cisx1 0ernal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre3 -8pji*iuwbt:vs +w zases by 50 J. What is the work :vi 3w*tbwz+ si8p -ujdone?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 508k il69fbhg3a J. What is the heat exchbh k389l6igfaange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constarux8 :sl a1)y ))jn4zmuev f4zfzo.mrn, /6hant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by th r64hf)zalv, :/o me4r8s1zfmj)ynn uazx)u .e gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831agi- 7 +p-(szavwg6o ;dgo s)w J of energy is remz w)-iog +7(sgw;aads 6ov -gpoved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of9 *0-si24p nw++fvx* jlsf7qk oguyyg water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycl2m;dr.v-v9y yw/rhkw e. What is the/-h2rw k; wmydv .yv9r efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat percmy6 /nv.q, oh gw86we cycle. How much work does i8o y6mghen /.v6wcw,qt perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15o 0to7i0:os09b)kdi1 jrct a g0 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyc do9b :riis0cotoj 1)7k00agt le?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42qnscd25z (7af kcal. Calculate thecn 2fz(7a sdq5 efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle a-w/yrr w+ )ayycwvh 23nd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t h a3-w+yy rwcrwy)v2/he work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines builtxpm81ve8f nag 4 e)bp2 so far has the following characteristics: combustion pv 8mbpex12 af4)egn8 chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engined q6aq-cwv: 2rih k/x*s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperav2 w-q r:6xdk/c*aq hiture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines buil8)(d/ /megre6 nczkxs t so far has the following characteristics c)m//rz8nex6egk s d(: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e n+loq89a5zxq o h,x3xx4su9 p.sf e.glectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powe z9lw1o7jwwp)y t7p mqi+-s 4or. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses 7a7nmml5- c w kp-2lrc- aw8ma$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enhx;lmal m, 6f5gine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum tf zwi5i (/xld*heoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe/fi (i *zd5xlwen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Cqsedm ,2:c bl4arnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatue lmqsb:,c42d re of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwee2 c u1z 1 (wfj488xcfw6hqpnrom*m3 xjn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at th. + /)ru*o+9s8 j6fzothnhjz tbfp -7nc4cqfge rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much worktc*f8n+ b z/)osqfnc6ugzrjp9 .f+7t-4oh hj is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin8s*:a d1sc;/n(sjyc,.tv/wtdv brr jg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejectsss, nwt;vj va.(s8 rt*c1jr cy:b//dd 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle ofk z.c 1jkm1y0a operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and11ykj0c kma .z expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in ef o o8esa ,rv5*uapk.z(5ga0gahy-m* 7m zll3ntropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice frb g xp74jbqd 1wfu/4)jeezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes aje d)owgk) .ytox6n( *+d rf(in isothermal expansion and its entropy chf o( d)kt wijxr(eyn*o6d )+.ganges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 1nqhny.d*n 36 al-yu.asy9rrsfa j* ,$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.