The process shown on o2q tfsh1 7g+z*t44v zkmgu.c the T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is n r16dkyin7s pw(qr-p .uk5 6zao change in

  When the first law of thermodyn p07ffh8u; /acyrddd +amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tz (s-s 7jr ti1 ow smfi036gqw759nxu -pqaw1oemperature. Ts-a 0s7qm-z f9jo6q15w7rx (13gwnii tus wophis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermallyr +hxd4jzsma/nh:7f9 from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mej+m 9z/rf nhas4xdh:7chanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an is 1qaj4j q7fox6- dkyd6othermal process. The qd o46j xjfq-dk a61y7final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thisph y 4a( 60aci tc)ooroxk*u2/ process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the g h)* t/p(o ay2ccxoko4u 6i0raas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the ev/lvmr0vl k-sx06d8* y:ts vbuent, the gas exchanged -l0rl/sv0sux *yvtb:68kmd v no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of tlsl ze6m nmei+ ,+q;s)hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is t- c iln6v83akksug1a 9s :bd8compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of t k:lask8u3di-8 btsa6cn g1v9he gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that oneqs,ta.3u3s:c* x2 c ill(b cw:hfh9 ez containseh*z:l ,tl2hx csf3w3c(: q9iuasb .c $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that s+l8 s gf3f+mm:t+he2 kcod3fone containso +gs8ce++k2d l:33 hffmmtsf $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown onfl.1vns) ttntjr a8y3 -5 q;dv the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change iwgg 3x b6o+f)jn

  When the first law of thermodynamics,k ,/aq,qpnazl.w ngt8 v2 6o gat:a,8r $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat( ;doep5d9wmqb n5um+ is added to it. This proce(d9dwem+ mn p;u 5q5boss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idehb dzo5qv.l1mac kn*1ci /ws+.s/(aw al gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of 1 ds nwwvb a(/qc+5 k1z/o.a *h.cismlthe gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is 2eg)w-qn w*xhxrpu82

  In an isochoric process, there .r74rwhx:g, d)dqd feis no change in

  When the first law of thel14rb+ y78bp-13l wvdkoos smrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container thazt3 fia/x2y:krx3h/ ut cannot expand as heat energy is added to ufyx33:kzi2 x/t/a hr it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferrgcg41y :lcaf 5coq5 )led to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. Asa54co)cglc lfqg 5 :1y a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermo+:n lo/ 3vchmvdynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a c1;oir;cedl1n: m wp lwfr k.11old reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heatmuur7a12pm zh484dtg from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodyv ja84e 8:18fqrtalif namics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle i4remocyw)a 8q8.+s,fm .l vsollustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cy eo)s.rl8vs4,mqc+yf 8mo .awcle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is define 4oattg- g.c gh+hh1n(jc tm)*d as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of6a gef+p,om)h uzh: g/2yw 6ad a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b6eahmdwfp z a/gg2u:,6ohy+)e

  A Carnot cycle consisn4 fff 6tx9yzebt2.wf9u.fi3 ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.m d 1tbxyn,k1 ls0z94wlhd.,w

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a rt fnge2im maq;2max16u2 :rk6efrigerator is defined as the ratio oi2mtafe1xrqm g;6 ak m62 nu:2f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a hn(rz-sgatz5. c)l xy(eat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of theg 31dmitwa4j 7 water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, hc;hldy5l j2z2o3 ;jqfor any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choicy 35hoqj ;dlc 2;2zjhles applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of sz7yk9 b; ; - ghtpa8ay9yhiv2thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to ef rf/4,l 3+/yc uvnvnsv( ny7conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. z +gsk+dd,o fjup72p8What is the change in internal en7 + ,f pzdk+jp8d2sugoergy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from aww3)k v)suc6un ideal gas. What is 3suk v u))6wcwthe work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J.de;0a0 ks tz6o-i7 vnv prpe/7ei:pk9 What is the changep;dze pkps0ora/-:kiv 977tve0ein 6 in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the ee k71;j dfl0qsy.w2 bchange in internal energy of the g;le. ew1y0 j7kdqb2sfas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J ol*ij; (bjutm* f work. What is the change in internal etubi*(m*ljj ; nergy?

  In an isochoric process, the iqn.f2krle8q/d l *bu7u z 47cn1umu)d nternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wol) n d4 2fr 8b.uuq7m7cez 1*kuqdl/nurk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemx sa9nzbqphew12f+;* decreases by 50 J. Whan+ *se f ;bqx219ahzwpt is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas iszha5x * btt 0mnz4.qp7 maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing z70h*pnz xqt.t 5a4m b400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is coo1ya 7*t6pbnycled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. ty na7py *16cbHow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg o82oef qm70sndf water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J 2jmp5 oox4ckqb/ 4 y+ )dzjdt1of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencoq)kjbj52 pdcx d4+mzt4 o1y/y?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 Jlk w 5yu 4c ;r0*7fcodq*)*dlk0c:alvj 3v snb of heat per cycle. How much work does it perlkj0o 7 dnycfqvb0 4cu*wsd* *llv )ack3r:5;form in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% aq5g;2 nje8tyb9rwz9jnd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each r jwy 92;qnj8tg9bez5cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal omqz;a(ey ft2 +f heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effi ameyz(+2q ft;ciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle 3qjn5 e2hhnc*and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate th5 ch*njh2 eqn3e work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinu r;s4,a jgv/sl:p3o7 p;htqrg characteristics: combustion chamber temg tj;;/ auorsppr7h:l4 vq,s3perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hasi* w u xm2y7(4aougg;t the following characteristics: combustixg2u* i4a; yw7(mu togon chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has t- 4) i7i8mkcgi/ufrr qhe following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur-gimui kq rf8 c)4i7/re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesv7zv. /b oi0hrp t8q+e epy2*u $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600ivwl ztcht c. 8xf*q:+9ze1fwj)1w7 p MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generam4emrydb62h ;-4k ve: m.plbntes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates beg 8tfqq*c06bu)fy pv+ tween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an 4jp+no3vwbe3 engine operating betweej+bove43 p3w nn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatgmqct08o uihhv:l v3my6 m3 e3tb4g+: ure of the cold reservoir if the qg3h4hmmtvmb8 yli3v: 0uo e+ 3g:6cttemperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweeo ; hndc0b 9cqypx:v20n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comp0* pknosrg8g 0artment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.spo0kgnr0g * 8 How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezinzuqfc mn :5:r0jad/p /a.7rjmg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Wha j0m dj/mn .au/qr:fzca: 5pr7t is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerai w*kb jpgz;cq 6 ,xc7434qpiftor absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work in;q,z4*xj i6w 3c f7cgqi4ppkbput is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy .+3,q bkk d miz*xbt3jwhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freeze ixz; 390tdua,.cj nqas, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at S,n:/pqcj t/tuTP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chanp /:tjn,t/ucq ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at r d5nrmgwt;7,$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.