The process shown on the T-V grac+o+h w4hijrner;5pu1-4 76x s jh yodph is an

  In an isothermal processp4fm2mnz i+yxpf mqp: t27n 97jnp31p, there is no change in

  When the first law ozrlh d3(dt+0 a 6.jersdppc9 ,f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change 4z8tgcgb:a3bim7 ok,in its temperature. Thismcoak ,i7zg3bb :8tg4 process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. :i4xs4ha1,x yleo+wq During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the q+loa4x,1:esyw hi 4x gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hwn6u -yzvpl *3yvv . eiz;-hj.alf its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the gash3iuyvz- plwn -6.jvey. z*v ;

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L;uq* w* :l8 (c5vde pziqz0kyv6fbk j0 to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by thp(6vd8:q u*l;k0 kc v*qy 5ji0zzbfwee external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an iso/t4zj x 8dxv qf;l*ale1f80gp lated environment. During the event, the gas exchang8zvp1/jdeqgf4x8* 0t lf ;x laed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynavk wk .r1+ukc ,lsta.w,b )dn.mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origd5;p ciow/ jjw6o/y/.cic6t vinal volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure / j6ydwoiccjvc wti;5 .o/ 6p/of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exg6suvh,3) cd tt.3rp gcept that one contains )u63gt .vrds,pgtch3$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical 0ob;w)wv yzo-smgn8+.h jy:ain all respects except that one contains va y+g z8ww)o- jm:.h0 s;yobn$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diaj34+p* 4qwbk imou ,za (kvlf1gram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is noyf4us qtu fo *7w(w4y/ change in

  When the first law of th.+nwkievel6m c v7lc5s/6 a /kermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant9uu cijt af(my ey1.;d(y4f -x pressure as heat is added to it. This proceaxt -y1f;uu. imydyj(9e(4 cfss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a nz5tz ql,e,.o,hdz -(+nws vzsample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, th-wz(,d.,on5 se+ql zt,vnzzhe internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV:m4op2h l )(lble gn-q diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no stsh9r )9io 9xchange in

  When the first law of thermodynahxi hl4qs xv4,yb/x3t,sy.s )qz)sq:mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand a9h/ u9sr+bvt -lk.xgth*v,j xs heat energy is added to it. This pro/hx j stgbx.u9+ltrvv*h, k-9 cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferren ucg/j 9 8w::t;iv)gouko08qcpy 0hu d to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of tho0hgyj 9 k:qu t0uc:)/ivg;puwn8 co8e gas

State the first law of thermodynamics. lw/ab ;guk:+lb4nn-8 afl/iiga2 5.ilh;mfo

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold rermdzg f/0ci(ou: h/2 iservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir topbeq54pk,i;k( o to:x a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accows/y;qlo s1gm57 i zj/xo+dtabam ;(*rding to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During obcl/ jvt-1by 27 qtc2mne cycle, how much work is done by an enginl722j - tbcqt1mb yc/ve operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratit.( l(iprxmj:+m )otno of

  If the theoretical ef )b7z+uhw jkp;ficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musp;wz+kj b )hu7t be

  A Carnot cycle consisc/ w+fx9*9y gqf -s txv+sn(yxts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.o *(;.gnlxsaw

  The coefficient of pe8qua.7e btgp7 rformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o78qab.tug 7p ef

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is )z p+ht3ab3*ix+ )oqlftt5d nzy*e7u defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entro9ab-qrr2l z4nb eq 6(w8n q7ckpy of the water

  According to the second law o (dkdg)b; kiyx*mf) 2af thermodynamics, for any process that may occur with*dkxi fy;dg))m(a 2kbin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general stateuy4 2/jjb w ea4v17huvment of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us*hrjls0stls6h(sepr q/ v5 44 to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 Jwaq n8 2,cis*h of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is swqn2, *ic ah8the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process,sov rg s1nig4bk3hr m4368ddum3 .j3q 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What id.r 3q 3vd1us 4jmgiskhrgom86n3 3 4bs the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system iqp.;:7xdshoxu mf,a -n an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the chan;,amd xo -7.qp:fuxhsge in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing i(uo; a2.h0moixj0hk*j /q4 3ekam jl a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internaqj00um l xjeoji* kh 3;(ha/oa4ik 2m.l energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 knm(4 w,5mbz yJ of work. What is the change in internal energy( 4 wmnkybmz5,?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases ji ,;.uxeau.ho3 df4 a2dhgc:by 50 J. What is thdo 2ix.g:4ue.3 hdfa; c au,jhe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre/o4xwz dwt93lmmy6cgm b6 9,bases by 50 J. What is the heat exchmm obm66xgcwd3 /tb49 9,ylwzange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic / ) kiqa6.dbc +tsgis75c kv2wgas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished b2cg )qsb ktdciw57 kv.6 +a/isy removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at const lj1s51uu,ppp ant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mo1p15uupp sj l,les of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of hnckshp8e6h:c0q v/-z (pa3s 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 01u 89a(chx4uij;k hhpxl7 nsJ in each cycle. What is the effic 7uu ikhhn;xj91l (cpa84s0xhiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% andh 2t5 jf8y8obl receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muby ft2h8jo8 l5ch work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and remwk5gdoo2hn,7 jxmsh4ote: m0: 8 -ieceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cxj8h2e mtw: e nohko7m5m:-dos 4,0gi ycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eab2i6a/2zh: p fhs d*7 wj,efi9qt ad,ach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency oe bq,29 2dsd:wh ih7af/zf p,*a tjia6f each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 k 2m6s,iey+ wlxcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycswi2lyx, 6+em le.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followin0 egytplf*p6o)foyxcj e ( *)5g characteristics: comb*o5 cy po*eef()y)xjtfp l 60gustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followingan0fuuky6o:.oz 6x 8u characteristics: combust8 on.fuyo a0 66z:kxuuion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effico.2- :uuvfky 7o 6ll q-mpbz-:a5oc) myo7zolient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion ch7fuvom6 :zm.y2-ou oc l:lz)5opb7- olqa-yk amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of kaql4r2p3+/z tf lr /velectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pxmc96nv ga f./q7jt/iower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e(6f- 6 cwltxjm;b b7jdlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates beth2vdplv 5ox9: ween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theore c64ebz,ia ;yatical efficiency possible for an engine operating between ,a 4ba;ezc6i y$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is ind*).krjg:od .w -pm the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatu o ndgrp) j-:.dmw.ki*re of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating w4 e68+kib c5 rjw4iykbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 2k i5gq5/jy ( ryz8g6jw0 kJ and ejects 24 k/ykiq6gg58r (5jzy jw J into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 2x+ yiqbm 9sfm. 061rdarn(sf -0 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffixy mb.-frrfn a9+( sq01di6mscient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of he7p-yxqgho ac5yl6 : m.at from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required:o5yq6xmp a7cg. l-h y in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy wa80s k/ms-uhn hen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in enpfgkt fv. lcpu813 7b6/m (8bi 5abstjtropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expao2ixfo hjo;.hr7)b -xnsion and its entropy chang7)jo ihrx 2xbh.-foo;es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 7+uy , aoyx*muph-s1q $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.