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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Trl k d+yz,b1ij,.pb4d-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is / 6rdtlj2j r)nno change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo of;y soc7)en,vk llo,a ty))r4x3zb )dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume wylr /nsnvm5cy ;fs67;ith no change in its temperature. This ny/ lrs5; sy;76cv mfnprocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L+x0svu5g nw* bptv *-6 q3qyxg)l:xvv. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of intern-s0 x*un g6g*tvvx3y5)x : lvq+v bwpqal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volqi ,eq v 4:h-1go5uonqume during an isothermal process. The oqe g 1vo-n4hu5qqi,:final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durixmuxec4o-7 8,0dcw - -tfagxvng this process, 6 J of energyuw- ,a-fmtc -0ogx vdc748xex is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly com q gu0wrej:5xa t 6ib,os9o9x8pressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This processwbx 9 o8tiso06g,ejq:5rua9 x is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of u z5l(xjvu v6:thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during xfu,o 5vrs-hi6u1, cj an adiabatic process. The final presuv, 16fcirx,-ouhjs 5 sure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cu5u)n uv q0;f9sxv6jgontains )u6 qgvv0 9 fs;junx5u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylindery4 :rkg6qj3 cps of gas identical in all respects except that one contains :j43p gycrq6k$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is9mts9 5i3lp lnx6 .qoz an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chaty-o w09or8; z rqmaj2nge in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, 0tgmnp 3l19jo-qb 1x hjxwcv6ikx;// $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant presp lhgg.p657qstibs.5v 4/lrk sure as heat is added to it. This process g.lp5vhk6r7 sq gi.5 b4pstl/is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat eix i6.l.xr 5ukh,3bd gnergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant preui.6lh3gr.,bkd 5 x xissure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is k44qle* k5ig1msb0 ur(yt-ge


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chaza, mhk(f 2vi7(a) gcjnge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of/ -ke *9kgr:sa hxwum4 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot exrieq(9:x;:ynm j, bfe,w c;phpand as heat energy is added to it. This pe9 x p, :;je;ic:w(bq,fym hrnrocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy ars9pz.t)sn)eztthvu -y ,od11 aklc- (k / ;mwye transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, th.lv;-hd-z/zus1wts(k t)ty19a konm ,y )p c ee internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermux c.u 1-nyji,odynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reser-oi,e8s/ss 7(wd*5mgop a yndvoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat fropxtl 0n2(5q+s. qzsulm a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordi j9tmd09qbh8y ng to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle,u3aveja zali b3xq:gy5(4,q2 how much work is d2l3yqiqaazxj4: ueba 3(5 g,v one by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as ta lg ubv.4 78f3hzmzi -m1zu0ghe ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, , 8aqthd ewu1)the heat sink must weq,8)ta duh1be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ox lf kd,l5cr1:;x9qgff

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck staten6mmmo- s /-rgky2c -jment of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as tsunpsbj ) s. dx2x.dyn07;q g)he ratio ofxs;qdp)gn2) s dus.y.n jx70 b

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perforumu) gat-b/7sc lll/3 mance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wu iy j2+d3hq3szv7 is9ater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of pgg t:6m7v7g wno t aosep,upr,*d1,5thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choiat: p*,g p,on r ,tge1gdv wuom6775psces applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second;aimtrzv uq 2ibw2,vib,(o o; 8c( 7d60hbffq law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude ths imi5c-9 s yq(fl/:ir1a6pqjat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal/t2: i sgrvw4w process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is v4gt/rs 2 :wwithe change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ;2 x,bq6dwwl pideal gas. What is the work done in qbw2lxpw; d6,the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system a83whf*y,v+e; s zo ic4qpou* in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the ch*i4f w ;o,a 3 o8*epzuyhc+vsqange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressingbsyi(7 d, url0y7z4fo s bmu+2 a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the f+m7b r7sso0ui 24,yby( dluzgas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wo9 q33sk hymyd2 s7jl2jq/iws9rk. What is the change in interna d2 q3ys92ji9 w7qs/j hklsy3ml energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasdjelsrxy9z(9 ms/ n; flf94k6es by 50 J. What is the wol6lz ;fdksyxsej/999r m( 4fnrk done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of2e::;ul(mg kp f,k daj a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exch ,pfa e;k uk:(:2jmldgange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintainedr r9xhr1wfj,n1q *, mp pxvp-7(;w ruuymap9+ at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished byyqrm*pur 9(1ra-p ;uf nmjrh,+pxp1v 79wx,w removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of enemra i3u- u;a9 zcxjfp-:9c*/jozpn2ergy is removed from it. How many moles of gr ;p:/nxu*of 9jmc-uap9 2j z3aziec-as are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 k58o bsie+znte1lx, 5eg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. 4vl 2l ybxj5wlj6oj0 4 What is the efficienclxw6y5vojl 0bj24j4ly?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycl3k0ag wv4p*a68or+iorr z y6le. How much work does ilr a 46 3+owypi0zrg8v ao6k*rt perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35-mhsnf h th1ri99 .qgbz;j( q;.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How rb m f-(9;;g.9z hqiht1qnhjsmuch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eachry:0a, r,*t oyb5zzd-m dz2ze cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficienc,z-od bt*5myrze 0 ry:z, a2zdy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle dm9dn5vt8,q6 cb;qso and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work dt qo9s6m v5ndb dqc8,;one each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fopyg38mg 6x 9 buz27cehllowing characteristics: combustion chamber te xey3z p7h2b8gc9m6g umperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bx yq ;tynjfv5 0umi j0g6+1n;cuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion ch5+ v 00ijxy;qjgft;ymu16nn camber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficienj1zu0uex p1k:t engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tx z:k0 u1jp1ueemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elecks +2:yqc0p dgtric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric8hltaa)jbw ot+b +)6 ktue e*8 power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The /pmv:) k.dktp ;ciubuo:rdx+np86a0 plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiench m p- ccjse n1i2m-:jx+/px-ty of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operati7wn i7jp35mq+axj y- tng betwee3wj7q i-x7tjay+ m5pnn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine i/sa 0ggpuo 6xo/c0 d/ws 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot re/od/ /c0guas xopw0g6servoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bx )k6gtfgt /re4yf63p etween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the fyr ldh.+wh-b1li ) v+mw )evp.reezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requiredvh -pm1.. + w+v rhbwdll)iy)e in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at+b0+8ffel raq the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performanfer+8a0 flb+qce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of o aa+ d1 vsa vqn+oe+;kgi3q/9chody -(peration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inpuagovh -(e3+ i odcq+a+/dyk;aq1 n9svt is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g oxqa2 me( 0f83f gyyxh7f ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropyal m h g-52oy.lkxj(kgr57ts: is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undusa: 6 rm3m 6(9:*sisrn0dwa, a rghakqut,b,ergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy ch w0gkb96* st,s sr:uaadmh3 ra(ni6rm:qa,u, anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 8dbg z3hpf b22$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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