The process shown on the T-V g//n/q pkjy/b rraph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change l 6m8ji1tx.r9y md;ggin

  When the first law of thermodynamicsh4d81owjf-l )awi1is , $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatu4 - hhgvjy8v+bre. Thiyh4h+v j-vb 8gs process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isotheaznti8e 1 q3d1rmally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gai1dqa1 tze38 ns?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal bcmh xen, xujm9q4a8w7f8+3 oprocess. Thub+8 cx3we 4qma9,8m7ox njfhe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 ,hxh03nie eo 3l fd9;iL. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the exl0hnhi3i,d ;39efeo xternal mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During thrke; bjo*++n rt69 lw3erg;ru e event, the gas exchanged no3;+w9+ gjnko rlbt6 re *reu;r heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thegpy kq-l/ qy+ync rq z87d8+m7rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its qo60 kb9q -+56pgz b 9(bjhrmxdginb 6original volume during an adiabatic process. The fi b5bhqmd ox qgjkr6i6z69 (9b+bn0g-pnal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except bc z+sw 8k,m*uthat one contains umw kc,+8 sz*b$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except5 d,y d.33htqz77jpnrx9biy r that one contains3ijt brnr9pzy 57y qd,7hx3. d $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on tt,b9, wm3(fd ltv66i d j ahmrx.hmk.)he PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, ther6 -skmb/nex3ue is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,2-o5m nr. koi;s 06vabesu u7v $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure a-n/n6nk0ur2 ;mi6dj 0a6 ,mxgivdy ut s heat is added to it. This process ism60vdxig -6na2nn0imt, uyu6kd/ ;r j

  Ten joules of heat enerk( d*j du8zw dq/03wwsgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the g*08zsj3dwukd ( /qwdw as

  The process shown on th:k , vk xlo;i(yd-qi4ce PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change ggjmdyqjx30 0m 8qqu.g4mk0k.6(lc d in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, d,/ onvu aqjhg8g ;2a3$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid c6p e zwn5jn6uib2c9 x(ontainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thisui9cjnb(6wnz6e52x p process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant v 0 v;rqvzw,wr5olume. As a result, the internal energy of tr;0qv,5v r wzwhe gas

State the first law of tm*o0p s;zluj,hermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat2es : +eul1wiy from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from nm j9 l0; /z;n2nt*ge: k*mz4t ooagmla cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law oc;*4eea97 qjgm0hvljf +v. ;q+ncugdf thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cyc d+r,h* n pet6k7nek /n6sv1urle, how much w n 7nkd/r+e61nus*vr t,6ph ekork is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is definx*zfdi:: ce8 l zmo9;hed as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 1002qrlw, x*knyi6nl.8 moa.bg 5%, the heat sink must be2yo*b58 anm6gl.w.lxkni r, q

  A Carnot cycle consists y): ykr,:i(1ca5 vrp2fgbbly /l1kv lof

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of (,*by ( mufxnzthermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is dega9ju/uk4h09a ndwq6 fined as the ratio of/hd 0kuwga6j u94 q9an

  The coefficient of perforoo07a u)vu+0 osavumd,ba34cw0s-s zmance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the w )4mxcef-mg jygf-:.mater

  According to the second law of thermodynamici/b,+ q3i d5jcca- nens, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of tq ,+-n en bicidj5/c3ahe choices applies?

Give a general statement of the sh r. u fydu vl-*:b(:5o:lrwkoecond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leadar*w iu btzanmk6) :-7s us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. W :nd5sany v mdi3i 7 r58oajt3*zqm(1ahat is theonzm3*a1:ajd s5d amtrinqy v3785i ( change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hesw,s/ zfl1b /yat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work dflbs/w z, ys/1one in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an felmo.x*( z/v gkdipl :u6, 20k1hnkwisothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in interni1l,u ko2e w gkz0n6d* f(x.p:/hklvmal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a g5/egjjznx+n1: ij.cl as adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of jc5x:z +g njl.1ji e/nthe gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proe7raa*zwb vqi 30.,racess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energ,*q e7ar.r 30wavbaziy?

  In an isochoric process, the (mg mk4 no/ t()e(q i4rpda0zlinternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t4 ti knl(0mqm(gd o/r)e4az (phe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of an+-sjm puz;ey7zl*6b/ e z a8g system decreases by 50 J. Whatzznu ae6/ 7m;s*-zp8ejb gy+l is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at consta9uyuwfmnxw// bg, 493q0 p t7 .hsirbqnt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by /ui /. bgm hw4nrx99us yt, wbqp73qf0removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at const qm)x/6epb+/1d dgol vnifw7tf);ik9 ant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sampl ; d1o7f g)p/qe w6mbkxd+t/ivi9)fnl e?

  A system consists of 3q8*okus7r5jpaqjb/ t4p; c 2 d.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 vp-h9x*begulo 7 xs+ )J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is thxxe7- o*l u vp9gbs)+he efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency..8 jk; wskdbl uq)a6v of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How m6 kvqu). ;8d.lwksa bjuch work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and reuag1 j x:ion*:ceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclena:g x o:*jui1?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an3ewd6wo 6q) otd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiewood66 q )twe3ncy of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycmts. l(;r 78ujm9jwd fle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate 78lu(dmm tfw; 9jr.sjthe work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far ham*xla*+dj:6w vok6 bls the following characteristics: combustion chamber oa+b 6:*mwkl *6dx vljtemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chax 3x +utz)x5.mh byqirq42: flq x9;sdracteristics: combustion chamber temperatur:t )sq 9x.x+ y;rqq2h 4xudm3 x5lbzife = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristw pj4 *hc97 iqf60o(.cfda fcxics: combustion chamber temperature = c.foc0f6 4 d9hwa (c fixjq7p*$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pce4 s03mfq8 zpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plax );):skp0c +3rucomo5b up3gy. tswf nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600y zufrvk+ w76 )za5xyv,n52bv MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficieb7+5f(jf3l3ap.js h nz1 j:isl ipmm/ncy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an enginwmkv 5,pt2kb1 e operating betwee k,51tpk 2bwmvn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%..bzlx2q2:k9w j,imym What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatu w: . b,kzyxi2lj2mm9qre of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between p+b ohz 3ox4)g1dicymla(wcz) :l, (c$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the 7ua0 2k kbvy1mrate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eaa ku2m7byvk10 ch cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate 9kowo3qs8 ig +b32iueof 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is th3so3 g ie+qb8wkiuo9 2e coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbsrut33+u pjjt1 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How mup3j+ru 3u j1ttch work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whev / -0firliam*mwj z..n 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the ch+vpzh vgt(k69 ;pvc9 uange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an 2z 6nzv4wrccof817saisothermal expansion and its entropy chan zoz6cf w c48as7v12rnges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at h.q73a7x,gy g9njg+ tx;u ez i$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.