The process shown on the T-V gb:8du 2ddy 7u,9pexqaraph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is 7 pwve0 (p.ek7cy2 zq tz;y.tano change in

  When the first law of thermody)q 7pqi :o 0ro+pvk.cgm jc6y7+8zl wonamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatur3s:njagw nyvlgf2q* v(y 0k5 lc: 1q-ve. This process 3vv: sk*wlqva ngn10(y -qcy:5 fgl2jis

  An ideal gas is compressed isotherm2 q n4kga5zel-ally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for thisqnak-el2 z g45 gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumeun;t w2 uk44jvyk+v-b during an isothermal process. The final pressure of t42 k +tukbvn4 -;vuyjwhe gas

  An ideal gas is expanded is jvc+-hgs;a hc7a :wdg ;,4kofothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statemenhcdk+a;4 ggjw:cfs ;,-hvo a7ts is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an swm 0reow)tm 06xnuo .u(u++q: 0 sjvhisolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged nroox+0s0vs tu w)e+hj6umm. :(n0wqu o heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermm3xz d-faj,) xodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalzl*jf 8-8 );wk*yg wolhup7vmv 4dga1-l s yw. volume during an adiabatic process. The finaljus kyh 1-l md-zyl7o;v*8pgv w8.g* f4wl) wa pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical infg+718q qn vgn all respects except that one contains q8n +1q7vnggf$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical ij( rkdn-r-hm( n all respects except that one contains(hnrrd- j -km( $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is an f)+cybvlka ,,

  In an isobaric process 4b4mr9n)xrh vu1h +v d:xd+vs, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,;3 yr/bz)cf1. t4vzzp hmj4kh $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This e+w6f(+ b l ps8sk(agcpr(wecs68++f a(kgl s bpocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy 6 kp)d:9yuoqws msscq(:m60s are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, t0p:o:6us6(sc mdwq qk9my)s she internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PVp2 o gk+slvc.bfttx.-2v (7o d diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no cha +)db7ej.izcluhln;+9lkbt ga:a4/ k nge in

  When the first law of theu2f ce9d*1t+qltv0z a rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rig.ziv:0b n+yacid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This procb.+ni0yv : cazess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas atomu;hh77fk.vgga z(e yy,eu8 3 b8 n0w constant volume. As a result, the 7h 7(onukwb 3 80g.g,h m ;evzfea8yyuinternal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodyna kz(/2+dr * etyismr 9q(z3lyt7j 0xaxmics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to spipr/l :ma6, ()xy jda cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to tra:ksb9mo+q;p hv/3fkw56xez nnsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodywkp) phgp-qn-/c n-dzpkq-11namics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken througs di9xu rt0-s(9l z/ ) c.;.n5vg sbn4oedbbzuh the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatindr;bsun0u es 4b95zt ( dl s-bgi/.znox9c.v) g on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio+ .ng2)2 aievkqf ue,t of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat syt9(50j0)bu z kva uvv8:aof bink must vub(vfaz) y :9oubkjtv50 8a0 be

  A Carnot cycle consistsr.ebizb; c9/ r8hrq. urmh(f 3 of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of tsw*(5 tyzmxo;c u1vm u0uvn65he second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refra6is2ijpvptmu9)g3x/r 9 1 uwigerator is defined as the ratio oxw9 i rppjmgv2s)6t913ui/uaf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is d,9d di ths9*mkefined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the watswckiu 8 9gp2 *bgu 2-+ 8xw*ptgpxwa:er

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur + qecgby25.sjwithin an isolated system, which one of the choi5gjs+beqc .y2ces applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of therfv(58i ,x + zum4fe7y invz.tqmodynamics.

  The second law of thermodf6hk.:1:adf bl+ a3sla2hka )/wufocynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gkl *1u2clx1icsux8npp.7 e m-as. What is the change in internal ene*p8 lk1xl1 s unpce.c-7uxi2mrgy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What )dv01bhx2a4cx /f 9*znj,r of 6xixvuis the work don1rvn64 xdb)fc zu oxf0x/a* 2xij9h,ve in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal procidb:*opemjo7 k ws),3 ess is -400 J. What is the 3skm,7: e)owdpo*bij change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is t /)fr )f* pg,ie5k6cduqx6iyqhe change in intxf6,i du p)eg* kyf/ q)6qrc5iernal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process w(-mrcuguy1igd2 uobi; 4w0 j,hile doing 25 J of work. What is thu(jiu1,4 i ugor-ywb;0d2 mcge change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system* hsnboy ix;-i.*6dw n decreases by 50 J. What is the work oi -whxb i *d;*.nsny6done?

  In an isochoric process, the internaldd 2n58kbep i, energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchangekn,p2de b5 id8?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at const5xz5rk*bea 2q ant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from t2*5ra5b xeqkz he gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at consu(+bxf;4x qlhx. c7 ymtant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas arx4u+x7.yh xqbmcfl; (e in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water ksr9 nle;nk ..at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses d)c; mtv+c/cc/e m (tti6:ssq3000 J in each cycle. What is thect:c) mmtcqv/( ss/c+;ti ed6 efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receiv pu7 iktgk1*8ovrt /z6es 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each otp8ztk 7 kir6v1*/g ucycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cy 5cw0rqj5m) ;kv *drrkcle. How much heat does it exhaust in each c *w);jd5rkkcmrvrq0 5ycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. (s65 bmgcg jiql c7q)8Calculate the efficiency of each cycle.8c)sjg7 5iq g 6(cbqlm

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculat /5owvhnagilg4my3 * iv6)fg6e the wigo*v3a4f m )y ng5w6/v6ilhgork done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following c)h64 era-1 z)a wcsqjrharacteristics: combustion chamber temperatuwa ej4rr6- q1)asc)zh re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foltxg02 /xxa14e;efjjz d -mpy, lowing characteristics: combustion chamber 0m ,j2ze x4jydg/;1xtp-fa ex temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficrdq+* dd tle(bnd 3)/vient engines built so far has the following characteristics dtd ndd 3q+r*/e)lvb(: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant genera p84 u(lqa++3fx zeexxtes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The r -czqpw9xljjc- .:i1plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrck8 r d/13cdx31 gvwpnic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot e (mhs9hhl:, q me8opt1fficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical effu qoiyh.e*q hrbtjm7we3832 8iciency possible for an engine operating betw 7*3q yutjw.e8orh e823mhbq ieen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot ebrle4 1z7ig t.ngine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatuz eir 14tlb.g7re of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be7y9x gu 0q b+*t,yalx*:9 czzrbdg k6ttween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratq f.oupcth+e 6m3zf+4e of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJf46fucte +h omzp. q+3 into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes h64ds /21p tbilr7( v, 74lu iyrfcichueat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room p f,44iirub1 2dlphc(ct v6 /7ruil ys7er cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absor.as8d9 ob q;fibs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. Ho8 fas.9 qo;bdiw much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whv 7rydk*7cug6 en 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, tq l/1w ma)y0uphe change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergo7 hp *5:kvad4yhln03cv/ wl btes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chab :*wa/vt7hkd4l0cln h y35v pnges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 1 03szrvs9ivroc7 t,u rsh d10$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.